Identification of Early Warning Signals of Infectious Diseases in Hospitals by Integrating Clinical Treatment and Disease Prevention

The global incidence of infectious diseases has increased in recent years,posing a significant threat to human health.Hospitals typically serve as frontline institutions for detecting infectious diseases.However,accurately identifying warning signals of infectious diseases in a timely manner,especially emerging infectious diseases,can be challenging.Consequently,there is a pressing need to integrate treatment and disease prevention data to conduct comprehensive analyses aimed at preventing and controlling infectious diseases within hospitals.This paper examines the role of medical data in the early identification of infectious diseases,explores early warning technologies for infectious disease recognition,and assesses monitoring and early warning mechanisms for infectious diseases.We propose that hospitals adopt novel multidimensional early warning technologies to mine and analyze medical data from various systems,in compliance with national strategies to integrate clinical treatment and disease prevention.Furthermore,hospitals should establish institution-specific,clinical-based early warning models for infectious diseases to actively monitor early signals and enhance preparedness for infectious disease prevention and control.

The Importance of Setting Treatment Goals for Cardiovascular Diseases

Background: Guidelines are issued by most major organizations that focus on a specific disease entity. Guidelines should be a significant help to the practicing physician who may not be up-to-date with the recent medical literature. Unfortunately, when conflicting guidelines for a specific disease are published, confusion results. Purpose: This article provides a suggested guideline outcome measure that would benefit the physician and patient. Methods: A review of 19 different guidelines for cardiovascular disease treatment is one example of the lack of specific outcomes that currently exist. The basic problem with most guidelines is that they do not state the expected end result (i.e., the benefit to the patient) if that guideline is followed. When guidelines use cardiovascular disease risk factors to dictate therapy, the end benefit is never stated so that the patient can make an appropriate choice of which (if any) guideline to follow. Results: A good example is guidelines published by the American Heart Association for reducing cardiovascular disease. These guidelines are risk factor based and only indicate that cardiovascular disease would be reduced if followed. No specific percentage in the reduction of the incidence of disease is given. In contrast, when elimination of the disease is the stated goal of the guideline, the end result is clear. To date, this goal has been stated by only one organization devoted to eliminating cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Guidelines need to be written to provide the physician and the patient with a specific end point that is expected when the guideline is followed. Patient acceptance and compliance will be much improved if the patient knows the risk/benefit of following the guideline’s recommendations.

Effect of Health Management in Raising Awareness Rate of Disease Prevention and Treatment in Patients with Prehypertension

Objective: To analyze the effect of health management on improving the awareness rate of disease prevention and treatment in patients with prehypertension, so as to provide guidance for clinical management of patients with prehypertension. Methods: 108 patients diagnosed with prehypertension in our hospital were divided into a control group and an experimental group. The control group was not given management measures, while the experimental group was given health management. The incidence of hypertension and cognition level of hypertension knowledge were compared between the two groups after management. Results: The incidence of hypertension in the experimental group was 7.41% lower than that in the control group 29.63%. The cognitive level of hypertension in the patients (66.54 ± 1.25) was significantly higher than that in the patients without health management (41.45 ± 2.45), and P < 0.05;Conclusion: For patients with prehypertension, the implementation of health management is helpful to improve their cognition of hypertension, master related prevention knowledge, and reduce the incidence of hypertension.

Effect of Dietary Resistant Starch on Prevention and Treatment of Obesity-related Diseases and Its Possible Mechanisms

Overweight or obesity has become a serious public health problem in the world, scientists are concentrating their efforts on exploring novel ways to treat obesity. Nowadays, the availabilities of bariatric surgery and pharmacotherapy have enhanced obesity treatment, but it should has support from diet, physical exercise and lifestyle modification, especially the functional food. Resistant starch, an indigestible starch, has been studied for years for its beneficial effects on regulating blood glucose level and lipid metabolism. The aim of this review is to summarize the effect of resistant starch on weight loss and the possible mechanisms. According to numerous previous studies it could be concluded that resistant starch can reduce fat accumulation, enhance insulin sensitivity, regulate blood glucose level and lipid metabolism. Recent investigations have focused on the possible associations between resistant starch and incretins as well as gut microbiota. Resistant starch seems to be a promising dietary fiber for the prevention or treatment of obesity and its related diseases.

Studies on Human Dietary Requirements and Safe Range of Dietary Intakes of Selenium in China and Their Application in the Prevention of Related Endemic Diseases

The human dietary selenium requirement in China has been estimated by various methods. The minimum dietary selenium requircment for the prevention of Keshan disease (KD) was found to be around 17 μg/d. On the other hand, an intake of 40 μg/d is required to maintain the plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity at plateau. Hence 40 μg/d is considered as the adequate dietary selenium requirement. Studies conducted in a chronic selenosis area indicate thai the toxic dietary selenlum inlake (adverse effect level), which would maintain the characteristic fingernail changes, was approximately 1600 μg/d. The mean value of dietary selenium intakes, which enabled the five patients to recover from fingernail lesions, was found to be 819 ±126μg/d. At a 95% confidence limit, the lower limit is around 600μg/d. Therefore, 600 and 400μg/d were suggested as the individual daily maximum safe selenium intake and the safe dietary selenium intake, respectively,The results were used in the prevention of Se-related endemic KD and Kashin-Beck disease (KBD)

Polyphenols for the prevention and treatment of dementia diseases

The greatest risk factor for neurodegeneration is aging.However genetics at birth only contributes 20-25%to the determinants of lifespan,so we actually have around 75%control over how well individuals age in body and brain.Health is the real wealth and that everyone can significantly control/achieve sustainable health and quality of life through lifestyle choices needs to be better promoted. Dementia is predominantly a disease of aging with millions of people suffering from dementia and Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and in recent years little has happened to change and improve the cognitive functions of elderly people （2015 Alzheimer＇s disease facts and figures）. Every 4 seconds there is a new case of dementia in the world and with 7.7 mil- lion cases annually, the estimated global cost of AD and demen- tia disease is $604 billion.

APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLE OF "PREVENTION IN PREFERENCE TO TREATMENT OF DISEASES" IN ACUPUNCTURE-MOXIBUSTION CLINIC

In the present paper the author reviews the viewpoint of 'preventive treatment of diseases' in the ancient literature of traditional Chinese medicine (TCN) and its clinical application from (1) prevention first before the occurrence of diseases; and (2) preventing development after onset of diseases. In the preventive treatment of diseases, the ancient Chinese doctors usually (1) regulated qi of both Conception Vessel and Governor Vessel for health care; (2) performed regular moxibustion; and (3) applied plaster to the acupoint in summer for treating winter-diseases. In the treatment of diseases after onset, the ancient Chinese usually (1) tried best to make early diagnosis and early treatment; and (2) strengthened the related internal organ in advance to check their development; and (3) employed appropriate remedies to recuperate the patient's health.

Prevention and Treatment of “Epidemic Toxin, Pathogenic Dampness, and Lung Deficiency” after COVID-19 Recovery Based on the Theory of “Preventive Treatment of Diseases” in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Due to the sequelae and recurrence in patients with COVID-19 after recovery.This article,based on lire theory of“preventive treatment of diseases”in traditional Chinese medicine,winch believes that the three pathogenic factors of epidemic toxin,dampness,and lung deficiency are the fundamental causes of the recurrence of COVID-19.The treatment strategies are to remove pathogenic factors,strengthen qi,nourish yin,clear heat,moisten dryness,and at the same time,reinforce the lung,spleen and kidney,and soothe the liver.Through a variety of treatments such as oral administration,external treatment,and skin absorption,it provides a new idea and method for the management of the recurrence of COVID-19.

Prevention and Treatment of“Epidemic Toxin,Pathogenic Dampness,and Lung Deficiency”after COVID‑19 Recovery Based on the Theory of“Preventive Treatment of Diseases”in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Due to the sequelae and recurrence in patients with COVID-19 after recovery.This article,based on the theory of“preventive treatment of diseases”in traditional Chinese medicine,which believes that the three pathogenic factors of epidemic toxin,dampness,and lung deficiency are the fundamental causes of the recurrence of COVID‑19.The treatment strategies are to remove pathogenic factors,strengthen qi,nourish yin,clear heat,moisten dryness,and at the same time,reinforce the lung,spleen and kidney,and soothe the liver.Through a variety of treatments such as oral administration,external treatment,and skin absorption,it provides a new idea and method for the management of the recurrence of COVID‑19.

Teaching Form Reform of "Prevention and Control of Poultry and Poultry Diseases" Course in Higher Vocational Colleges

[ Objective] To meet the needs of ＂Prevention and Control of Poultry and Poultry Diseases＂ course in higher vocational colleges in new period. [Method] In order to introduce theoretical knowledge, enhance practical ability and train quality, teaching content, teaching methods and practical teaching of the course were explored according to trends of academic development and personnel training. [ Result] The reform of teaching form improved the teaching effect, mobilized the learning enthusiasm and initiative of students, and enhanced their ability to solve practical prob- lems. [ Conclusion] The teaching form of ＂Prevention and Control of Poultry and Poultry Diseases＂ course has been successfully reformed.

Feeding Management and Disease Prevention and Control of Pet Guinea Pigs

Guinea pig is widely used in clinical drug experiments as a laboratory animal.Because of its small and lovely size,guinea pig is often kept as a pet by many families.However,there are few reports on the feeding management and disease prevention and control of pet guinea pigs.This article introduced the experience and technology of feeding management and disease prevention of pet guinea pigs,in order to provide a reference for the feeding management and disease prevention of pet guinea pigs.

The Limits of the Intervention of Public Power in Individual Health Choices——From the Perspective of the Realization of the Right to Health in the Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

Noncommunicable chronic diseases have become the most important public health problem in the world today,so the focus of public health services should be shifted from the traditional area of communicable diseases to the prevention and control of chronic diseases.Since bad living habits are the most direct cause of chronic diseases,the most effective measure to prevent and control chronic diseases is to promote healthy lifestyles for the individual citizen.The theories of equal health opportunity,the right to health from the perspective of human rights,and determinants of a healthy society provide justified reasons for the intervention of public power in individual health choices.In the current legal system,the intervention of public power is limited to flexible measures such as health education,which shows respect for individual autonomy.However,it is inconsistent with the needs of current public health practice.We should expand diversified intervention means to encourage individuals to make healthy choices under the guidance of the management model.The“ladder of intervention”outlines a panoramic view of the intervention measures available.However,for the selection of specific measures,it is necessary to consider the public health objectives and the invasion of individual freedom,introduce the“legal reservation principle”and“proportionality principle”as policy analysis tools,and reasonably choose intervention measures at different levels on the ladder to properly handle the tension between public power and private rights.

The concept of “prevention before disease” in Buddhism and its application & dissemination status in modern medicine: a review

The concept of“prevention before disease”in Buddhism has deep roots in traditional Indian medicine and has been integrated into Buddhist philosophy.The Buddhist philosophy of“prevention before disease”is based on the cultivation of mindfulness through the practice of meditation.This philosophy has been integrated into modern medicine through the development of mindfulness-based interventions,which have been found to be effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety,depression,and chronic pain.The article also discusses the spread of Buddhist philosophy and its“prevention before disease”concept in different regions of the world and the potential benefits of integrating this philosophy into patient care.Here,we summarized the concept of“Prevention before Disease”in Buddhism and its specific content in Buddhist teachings and discussed its application&dissemination status in modern medicine.

Association of plasma vitamin A level with type 2 diabetes mellitus:a community aging population-based cross-sectional study

Recent studies indicated that vitamin A(VA)might be involved in the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the association between circulating VA level and T2DM.A total of 1818 subjects aged 50 years old and above were recruited from the community.Binomial logistic regression and restricted cubic spline(RCS)were applied to analyze the association of plasma VA level with the risk of T2DM.Serum VA and lipid-adjusted VA levels of T2DM patients were significantly higher than that of non-T2DM subjects(P<0.05).The ratios of plasma VA/total cholesterol(TC),VA/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c)and VA/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c)were positively associated with the risk of T2DM in the aging population(P<0.05).Compared with the Q1 level,subjects with Q2 to Q3 levels of plasma VA/triglyceride(TG)have decreased risk of T2DM(odds ratio(OR)Q2=0.68,P_(Q2)=0.021;ORQ3=0.59,P_(Q3)<0.01).Our results indicated that the imbalance of circulating lipids and VA might affect the relationship between VA and T2DM.The middle and aging subjects with higher ratios of plasma VA/TC,VA/HDL-c,and VA/LDL-c displayed increased risk for T2DM,but the moderate ratio of VA/TG might protect against risk of T2DM.

Multivariate analysis of oral mucosal ulcers during orthodontic treatment

BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment can easily cause local soft tissue reactions in the oral cavity of patients under mechanical stress,leading to oral mucosal ulcers and affecting their quality of life.At present,only limited literature has explored the factors leading to oral ulcers in orthodontic treatment,and these research results are still controversial.AIM To investigate the current status and related factors of oral mucosal ulcers during orthodontic treatment,aiming to provide a valuable reference for preventing this disease in clinical practice.METHODS A total of 587 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment at the Peking University School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology between 2020 and 2022 were selected and allocated to an observation or control group according to the incidence of oral mucosal ulcers during orthodontic therapy.A questionnaire survey was constructed to collect patient data,including basic information,lifestyle and eating habits,treatment details,mental factors,and trace element levels,and a comparative analysis of this data was performed between the two groups.RESULTS A logistic regression model with oral ulcers as the dependent variable was established.The regression results showed that age(≥60 years:odds ratio[OR]:6.820;95%confidence interval[CI]:2.226–20.893),smoking history(smoking:OR:4.434;95%CI:2.527–7.782),toothbrush hardness(hard:OR:2.804;95%CI:1.746–4.505),dietary temperature(hot diet:OR:1.399;95%CI:1.220–1.722),treatment course(>1 year:OR:3.830;95%CI:2.203–6.659),and tooth brushing frequency(>1 time per day:OR:0.228;95%CI:0.138–0.377)were independent factors for oral mucosal ulcers(P<0.05).Furthermore,Zn level(OR:0.945;95%CI:0.927–0.964)was a protective factor against oral ulcers,while the SAS(OR:1.284;95%CI:1.197–1.378)and SDS(OR:1.322;95%CI:1.231–1.419)scores were risk factors.CONCLUSION Age≥60 years,smoking history,hard toothbrush,hot diet,treatment course for>1 year,tooth brushing frequency of≤1 time per day,and mental anxiety are independent risk factors for oral mucosal ulcers.Therefore,these factors should receive clinical attention and be incorporated into the development and optimization of preventive strategies for reducing oral ulcer incidence.

Prevention and Control of Gentiana macrophylla Pall Root Rot Disease

The root rot is a major disease affecting yield of Gentiana macrophyl a pal , reducing yield or even causing total crop failure. This research introduced the occurrence characteristics and various control techniques of root rot of Gentiana macrophyl a pal , in order to provide references for farmers.

A Machine Learning-Based Web Application for Heart Disease Prediction

This work leveraged predictive modeling techniques in machine learning (ML) to predict heart disease using a dataset sourced from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the US. The dataset was preprocessed and used to train five machine learning models: random forest, support vector machine, logistic regression, extreme gradient boosting and light gradient boosting. The goal was to use the best performing model to develop a web application capable of reliably predicting heart disease based on user-provided data. The extreme gradient boosting classifier provided the most reliable results with precision, recall and F1-score of 97%, 72%, and 83% respectively for Class 0 (no heart disease) and 21% (precision), 81% (recall) and 34% (F1-score) for Class 1 (heart disease). The model was further deployed as a web application.

Adalimumab in prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease in high-risk patients

AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of adalimumab in preventing recurrence after intestinal resection for Crohn's disease in high-risk patients.METHODS:A multicenter,prospective,observational study was conducted from June 2009 until June 2010.We consecutively included high-risk Crohn's disease patients who had undergone an ileal/ileocolonic resection.High-risk patients were defined as two or more criteria:smokers,penetrating pattern,one or more previous surgical resections or prior extensive resection.Subcutaneous adalimumab was administered 2 wk(± 5 d) after surgery at a dose of 40 mg eow,with an initial induction dose of 160/80 mg at weeks 0 and 2.Demographic data,previous and concomitant treatments(antibiotics,5-aminosalicylates,corticosteroids,immunomodulators or biologic therapies),smoking status at the time of diagnosis and after the index operation and number of previous resections(type and reason for surgery) were all recorded.Biological status was assessed with C-reactive protein,erythrocyte sedimentation rate and fecal calprotectin.One year(± 3 mo) after surgery,an ileocolonoscopy and/or magnetic resonance enterography was performed.Endoscopic recurrence was defined as Rutgeerts score ≥ i2.Morphological recurrence was based on magnetic resonance(MR) score ≥ MR1.RESULTS:Twenty-nine patients(55.2% males,48.3% smokers at diagnosis and 13.8% after the index operation),mean age 42.3 years and mean duration of the disease 13.8 years were included in the study.A mean of 1.76(range:1-4) resections previous to adalimumab administration and in 37.9% was considered extensive resection.51.7% had previously received infliximab.Immunomodulators were given concomitantly to 17.2% of patients.Four of the 29(13.7%) developed clinical recurrence,6/29(20.7%) endoscopic recurrence and 7/19(36.8%) morphological recurrence after 1-year.All patients with clinical recurrence showed endoscopic and morphological recurrence.A high degree of concordance was found between clinical-endoscopic recurrence(k = 0.76,P < 0.001) and clinical-morphological recurrence(k = 0.63,P = 0.003).Correlation between endoscopic and radiological findings was good(comparing the 5-point Rutgeerts score with the 4-point MR score,a score of i4 was classified as MR3,i3 as MR2,and i2-i1 as MR1)(P < 0.001,r s = 0.825).During follow-up,five(17.2%) patients needed adalimumab dose intensification(40 mg/wk);Mean time to intensification after the introduction of adalimumab treatment was 8 mo(range:5 to 11 mo).In three cases(10.3%),a biological change was needed due to a worsening of the disease after the dose intensification to 40 mg/wk.One patient suffered an adverse event.CONCLUSION:Adalimumab seems to be effective and safe in preventing postoperative recurrence in a selected group of patients who had undergone an intestinal resection for their CD.

Changing Grains for the Prevention and Treatment of Kashin-Beck Disease in Children: a Meta-analysis

To evaluate the efficacy of changing grains on the prevention and treatment of Kashin-Beck Disease （KBD） in children, community-based trials were acquired from seven electronic databases （up to July 2014）. As a result, the methodological quality of the six trials that have been included into our analysis was low. The pooled ORs favoring the prevention and treatment effects of changing grains were 0.15 （95% CI： 0.03-0.70） and 2.13 （95% CI： 1.44-3.16） respectively by meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis demonstrated the pooled OR favoring treatment effect of exchanging grains rather than drying grains both compared with endemic grains. The results showed that changing grains had obvious effects on the prevention and treatment of KBD in children. However, the evidences were limited by the potential biases and confounders. Large and well-designed trials are still needed.

Discussing the Dietary Regimen and Disease Prevention and its Application as an Anti‑epidemic Measure

This article discusses the role of dietary regimen in the traditional culture of Chinese medicine according to its origin.Dietary regimen is a technique that inherits the traditional culture of Chinese medicine.Through analysis of the characteristics of the dietary regimen and the discussion of the idea of disease prevention,the application of the dietary regimen in disease prevention is sought.Under the guidance of three key factors,the application of the dietary regimen in disease prevention is mainly manifested in two aspects.First,the dietary regimen can be used to guide the daily reasonable diet to maintain the human body in a balance of Yin and Yang,which could prevent the occurrence of diseases.Second,on the basis of minimizing health loss,it can be used for disease treatment,adjuvant treatment,and rehabilitation.Finally,taking preventive treatment as the guiding ideology,the application of a dietary regimen as an“anti‑epidemic”was briefly discussed.