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Progress in Analytical Methods of Halogenated Disinfection By-Products
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作者 Jing Wu 《Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies》 2024年第2期95-99,共5页
Ensuring the health and safety of drinking water is crucial for both nations and their citizens.Since the 20th century,the disinfection of drinking water,effectively controlling pathogens in water sources,has become o... Ensuring the health and safety of drinking water is crucial for both nations and their citizens.Since the 20th century,the disinfection of drinking water,effectively controlling pathogens in water sources,has become one of the significant advances in public health.However,the disinfectants used in the process,such as chlorine and chlorine dioxide,react with natural organic matter in the water to produce disinfection by-products(DBPs).Most of these DBPs contain chlorine,and if the source water contains bromine or iodine,brominated or iodinated DBPs,collectively referred to as Halogenated disinfection byproducts(X-DBPs),are formed.Numerous studies have found that X-DBPs pose potential risks to human health and the environment,leading to widespread concern.Mass spectrometry has become an important means of discovering new types of X-DBPs.This paper focuses on the study of methods for analyzing X-DBPs in drinking water using mass spectrometry. 展开更多
关键词 Halogenated disinfection by-products Drinking water High-resolution mass spectrometry
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Characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions and its relationship with the disinfection by-product formation 被引量:13
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作者 ZHANG Hua QU Jiuhui +1 位作者 LIU Huijuan WEI Dongbin 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2009年第1期54-61,共8页
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been identified as precursor for disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation during chlorination. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the characteristics of DOM influence the D... Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been identified as precursor for disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation during chlorination. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the characteristics of DOM influence the DBPs formation mechanism. A study was, therefore, initiated to investigate the effects of DOM fractions on DBPs formation mechanism. In the chlorination process, organic acids are dominant precursors of total thihalomethanes (TTHM) because of the vc-o and unsaturated structures. Furthermore, the TTHM formation of organic acids was affected by pH more greatly. Based on the fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, DOM fractions contained several fluorescence substances. During chlorination, humic acid-like substances were found to exhibit high chlorine reactivity and hydrophobic organics decomposed to smaller molecules faster than hydrophilic organics even at lower chlorine dosages. Unlike hydrophobic fractions, hydrophilic organics showed no toxicity following chlorination, suggesting that the toxic structures in hydrophihc organics showed high chlorine reactivity during chlorination. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection by-products CHLORINATION CHARACTERISTICS dissolved organic matter
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Simultaneous Control of Microorganisms and Disinfection By-products by Sequential Chlorination 被引量:4
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作者 CHAO CHEN XIAO-JIAN ZHANG +1 位作者 WEN-JIE HE HONG-DA HAN 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第2期119-125,共7页
Objective To introduce a new sequential chlorination disinfection process in which short-term free chlorine and chloramine are sequentially added. Methods Pilot tests of this sequential chlorination were carried out i... Objective To introduce a new sequential chlorination disinfection process in which short-term free chlorine and chloramine are sequentially added. Methods Pilot tests of this sequential chlorination were carried out in a drinking water plant. Results The sequential chlorination disinfection process had the same or better efficiency on microbe (including virus) inactivation compared with the free chlorine disinfection process. There seemed to be some synergetic disinfection effect between free chlorine and monochloramine because they attacked different targets. The sequential chlorination disinfection process resulted in 35.7%-77.0% TTHM formation and 36.6%-54.8% THAA5 formation less than the free chlorination process. The poorer the water quality was, the more advantage the sequential chlorination disinfection had over the free chlorination. Conclusion This process takes advantages of free chlorine's quick inactivation of microorganisms and chloramine's low disinfection by-product (DBP) yield and long-term residual effect, allowing simultaneous control of microbes and DBPs in an effective and economic way. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection Free chlorine CHLORAMINE disinfection by-products MICROORGANISMS
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Removal of disinfection by-products formation potential by biologically intensified process 被引量:2
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作者 ANDong LIWei-guang +2 位作者 CUIFu-yi HEXin ZHANGJin-song 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第2期315-318,共4页
The removal of disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPFP) in artificially intensified biological activated carbon(IBAC) process which is developed on the basis of traditional ozone granular activated carbon w... The removal of disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPFP) in artificially intensified biological activated carbon(IBAC) process which is developed on the basis of traditional ozone granular activated carbon was evaluated. By IBAC removals of 31% and 68% for THMFP and HAAFP were obtained respectively. Under identical conditions, the removals of the same substances were 4% and 32% respectively only by the granular activated carbon(GAC) process. Compared with GAC, the high removal rates of the two formed potential substances were due to the increasing of bioactivity of the media and the synergistic capabilities of biological degradation cooperating with activated carbon adsorption of organic compounds. A clear linear correlation(R 2=0.9562 and R 2=0.9007) between DOC HAAFP removal rate and Empty Bed Contact Time(EBCT) of IBAC process was observed, while that between THMFP removal rate and EBCT of GAC was R 2=0.9782. In addition certain linear correlations between THMFP, HAAFP and UV 254 (R 2=0.855 and R 2=0.7702) were found for the treated water. For IBAC process there are also more advantages such as long backwashing cycle time, low backwashing intensity and prolonging activated carbon lifetime and so on. 展开更多
关键词 intensified biological activated carbon(IBAC) disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPFP) empty bed contact time water treatment
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Removal characteristics of disinfection by-products formation potential by bioaugmentation activated carbon process
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作者 王广智 李伟光 +2 位作者 黄丽坤 郜玉楠 张多英 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 2010年第3期323-327,共5页
The high-active bacteria were screened from 8 dominant bacteria obtained from the natural water body,and then the bioaugmentation activated carbon was formed by hydraulic immobilization of the high-active bacteria. Pl... The high-active bacteria were screened from 8 dominant bacteria obtained from the natural water body,and then the bioaugmentation activated carbon was formed by hydraulic immobilization of the high-active bacteria. Plant-scale studies on removal characteristics of disinfection by-products formation potentials (DBPFP) by bioaugmentation activated carbon process were conducted for micro-polluted raw water treatment. The results show that the bioaugmentation activated carbon process has adopted better purification efficiency to THMFP and HAAFP than traditional biological activated carbon process,and that average removal efficiencies of THMFP and HAAFP can reach 35% and 39.7% during the test period,increasing by more than 10% compared with traditional biological activated carbon process. The removal efficiencies of THMFP and HAAFP are stable because of the biodegradation of the high-active bacteria and the adsorption of active carbon. The biodegradability of CHCl3 formation potential is better as compared with that of CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 formation potentials among THMFP,and high removal efficiency of CHCl3formation potential is obtained by bioaugmentation degradation of the high-active bacteria. The biodegradability of HAAFP is better in comparison with that of THMFP,and the chemical properties of HAAFP are propitious to adsorption of activated carbon. Thus,HAAFP is on predominance during the competitive removal process with THMFP. 展开更多
关键词 BIOAUGMENTATION activated carbon disinfection by-products formation potential high-active bacteria
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Identification of key precursors contributing to the formation of CX_(3)R-type disinfection by-products along the typical full-scale drinking water treatment processes 被引量:2
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作者 Xu Yang Shunke Ding +4 位作者 Rong Xiao PinWang Zhenqi Du Ruihua Zhang Wenhai Chu 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第6期81-92,共12页
Identification and characterization of disinfection by-product(DBP)precursors could help optimize drinkingwater treatment processes and improve the quality of finishedwater.This study comprehensively investigated the ... Identification and characterization of disinfection by-product(DBP)precursors could help optimize drinkingwater treatment processes and improve the quality of finishedwater.This study comprehensively investigated the characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM),the hydrophilicity and molecule weight(MW)of DBP precursor and DBP-associated toxicity along the typical full-scale treatment processes.The results showed that dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen content,the fluorescence intensity and the SUVA254 value in raw water significantly decreased after the whole treatment processes.Conventional treatment processes were in favor of the removal of high-MW and hydrophobic DOM,which are important precursors of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid.Compared with conventional treatment processes,Ozone integrated with biological activated carbon(O3-BAC)processes enhanced the removal efficiencies of DOM with different MW and hydrophobic fractions,leading to a further decrease in almost all DBP formation potential and DBP-associated toxicity.However,almost 50%of the detected DBP precursors in raw water has not been removed after the coagulation-sedimentation-filtration integrated with O3-BAC advanced treatment processes.These remaining precursors were found to be mainly hydrophilic and low-MW(<1.0 kDa)organics.Moreover,they would largely contribute to the formation of haloacetaldehydes and haloacetonitriles,which dominated the calculated cytotoxicity.Since current drinking water treatment process could not effectively control the highly toxic DBPs,the removal of hydrophilic and low-MW organics in drinking water treatment plants should be focused on in the future. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection by-products Drinking water Characterization Key precursor HYDROPHILICITY MW distribution
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Less pressure contributes to gravity-driven membrane ultrafiltration with greater performance:Enhanced driving efficiency and reduced disinfection by-products formation potential
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作者 Xiaoting Wu Yufei Li +3 位作者 Zhaoyang Su Long Tian Muhammad Saboor Siddique Wenzheng Yu 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期407-419,共13页
Gravity-driven membrane(GDM)systems have been well developed previously;however,impacts of driving(i.e.,transmembrane)pressure on their performance received little attention,which may infuence GDM performance.In this ... Gravity-driven membrane(GDM)systems have been well developed previously;however,impacts of driving(i.e.,transmembrane)pressure on their performance received little attention,which may infuence GDM performance.In this study,we evaluated 4 GDM systems via altering the transmembrane pressure from 50 mbar to 150 mbar with 2 groups,treating surface water in Beijing,China.Results showed that less driving pressure was more favorable.Specifically,compared to groups(150 mbar),groups under a pressure of 50 mbar were found to have greater normalized permeability and lower total resistance.During the whole operation period,the quality of effuents was gradually improved.For example,the removal efficiency of UV254was significantly improved;particularly,under low driving pressure,the removal efficiency of UV254in PES GDM system increased by 11.91%,as compared to the corresponding system under high driving pressure.This observation was consistent with the reduction on disinfection by-products(DBPs)formation potential;groups under 50 mbar achieved better DBPs potential control,indicating the advantages of lower driving pressure.Biofilms were analyzed and responsible for these differences,and distinct distributions of bacteria communities of two GDM systems under 50 and 150 mbar may be responsible for various humic-like substances removal efficiency.Overall,GDM systems under less pressure should be considered and expected to provide suggestions on the design of GDM systems in real applications. 展开更多
关键词 ULTRAFILTRATION Gravity driven operation Membrane fouling Biofilms disinfection by-products
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Waste Water Disinfection During SARS Epidemic for Microbiological and Toxicological Control 被引量:5
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作者 CHAO CHEN XIAO-JIAN ZHANG YUN WANG LING-XIA ZHU JING LIU 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第3期173-178,共6页
关键词 Wastewater disinfection CHLORINE Chlorine dioxide Ozone Ultraviolet disinfection by-products
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Control of Bromate and THM Precursors Using Ozonation Combined System 被引量:1
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作者 SHU-GUANG XIE DONG-WEN SHI +2 位作者 DONG-HUI WEN RUI WANG DAN-LI XI 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第3期217-225,共9页
Objective To investigate the feasibility of reducing THM precursors and controlling bromate taste and odor in drinking water taken from the Yellow River by an ozonation combined system. Methods The appropriate ozone d... Objective To investigate the feasibility of reducing THM precursors and controlling bromate taste and odor in drinking water taken from the Yellow River by an ozonation combined system. Methods The appropriate ozone dosage was determined, and then the changes of TOC, UV254 and THM formation potential (THMFP) in the combined system were evaluated. Results One mg/L ozone could effectively remove taste and odor and meet the maximum allowable bromate level in drinking water. The pre-ozonation increased THMFP, but the conventional treatment system could effectively reduce the odor. The bio-ceramic filter could partly reduce CHC13FP, but sometimes might increase CHCl2BrFP and CHClBr2FP. The biological activated carbon (BAC) filter could effectively reduce CHC13FP and CHCl2BrFP, but increase CHClBr2FP. Compared with other filters, the fresh activated carbon (FAC) filter performed better in reducing THMFP and even reduced CHClBr2FP. Conclusion The combined system can effectively reduce taste, odor, CHC13FP, and CHCl2BrFP and also bring bromate under control. 展开更多
关键词 BROMATE OZONATION disinfection by-products Activated carbon
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Disinfection of swimming pools with chlorine and derivatives: formation of organochlorinated and organobrominated compounds and exposure of pool personnel and swimmers 被引量:2
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作者 Maria-Cristina Aprea Bruno Banchi +3 位作者 Liana Lunghini Massimo Pagliantini Antonio Peruzzi Gianfranco Sciarra 《Natural Science》 2010年第2期68-78,共11页
Chlorination of pool water leads to the forma-tion of many by-products, chloroform usually being the most abundant. The paper reports the results of a study evaluating exposure of bath-ers and pool employees to trihal... Chlorination of pool water leads to the forma-tion of many by-products, chloroform usually being the most abundant. The paper reports the results of a study evaluating exposure of bath-ers and pool employees to trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromo-chloromethane, bromoform) in four indoor swimming pools with chlorinated water. Chlo-roform concentrations in environmental air samples when the pool was in use (about 9 h), in the range 1-182 μg/m3, were greater near the pool than in the change rooms, passageways and offices. Chloroform concentrations in per-sonal air samples of pool employees were in the range 18-138 μg/m3. Urinary concentrations of chloroform averaged (geometric means) 0.123 and 0.165 μg/l and 0.404 and 0.342 μg/l prior and at the end of exposure during in water and out of water activities, respectively. The significant increase in urinary excretion of chloroform confirms that the source of the contaminant was pool water. Absorption of chloroform, estimated from airborne and water concentrations, was significantly correlated with delta chloroform (after/before exposure) and urinary concentra-tions of chloroform at the end of exposure. As chloroform is a toxic and possibly carcinogenic substance, these observations pose a problem principally for the general population of pool users. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection by-products Indoor SWIMMING POOL TRIHALOMETHANES Biological Monitoring EXPOSURE Urine
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Removal of organic matter and disinfection by-products precursors in a hybrid process combining ozonation with ceramic membrane ultrafiltration 被引量:8
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作者 Xiaojiang FAN Yi TAO +3 位作者 Dequan WEI Xihui ZHANG Ying LEI Hiroshi NOGUCHI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第1期112-120,共9页
The performance of an integrated process including coagulation, ozonation, ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) and biologic activated carbon (BAC) filtration was investigated for the removal of organic matter and disinfe... The performance of an integrated process including coagulation, ozonation, ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) and biologic activated carbon (BAC) filtration was investigated for the removal of organic matter and disinfection by-products (DBPs) precursors from micropolluted surface water. A pilot scale plant with the capacity of 120 m3 per day was set up and operated for the treatment of drinking water. Ceramic membranes were used with the filtration area of 50 m2 and a pore size of 60 nm. Dissolved organic matter was divided into five fractions including hydrophobic acid (HoA), base (HOB) and neutral (HoN), weakly hydrophobic acid (WHOA) and hydrophilic matter (HIM) by DAX-8 and XAD-4 resins. The experiment results showed that the removal of organic matter was significantly improved with ozonation in advance. In sum, the integrated process removed 73% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 87% of UV254, 77% of trihalomethane (THMs) precursors, 76% of haloacetic acid (HAAs) precursors, 83%of trichloracetic aldehyde (CH) precursor, 77% of dichloroaeetonitrile (DCAN) precursor, 51% of trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN) precursor, 96% of 1,1,1- trichloroacetone (TCP) precursor and 63% of trichloroni- tromethane (TCNM) precursor. Hydrophobic organic matter was converted into hydrophilic organic matter during ozonation/UF, while the organic matter with molecular weight of 1000-3000 Da was remarkably decreased and converted into lower molecular weight organic matter ranged from 200-500 Da. DOC had a close linear relationship with the formation potential of DBPs. 展开更多
关键词 ceramic ultrafiltration(UF) OZONATION organic matter HYDROPHILIC HYDROPHOBIC disinfection by-products
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Bacteria inactivation by sulfate radical:progress and non-negligible disinfection by-products
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作者 Xin Zhou Xiaoya Ren +8 位作者 Yu Chen Haopeng Feng Jiangfang Yu Kang Peng Yuying Zhang Wenhao Chen Jing Tang Jiajia Wang Lin Tang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2023年第3期23-36,共14页
Sulfate radicals have been increasingly used for the pathogen inactivation due to their strong redox ability and high selectivity for electron-rich species in the last decade.The application of sulfate radicals in wat... Sulfate radicals have been increasingly used for the pathogen inactivation due to their strong redox ability and high selectivity for electron-rich species in the last decade.The application of sulfate radicals in water disinfection has become a very promising technology.However,there is currently a lack of reviews of sulfate radicals inactivated pathogenic microorganisms.At the same time,less attention has been paid to disinfection by-products produced by the use of sulfate radicals to inactivate microorganisms.This paper begins with a brief overview of sulfate radicals’properties.Then,the progress in water disinfection by sulfate radicals is summarized.The mechanism and inactivation kinetics of inactivating microorganisms are briefly described.After that,the disinfection by-products produced by reactions of sulfate radicals with chlorine,bromine,iodide ions and organic halogens in water are also discussed.In response to these possible challenges,this article concludes with some specific solutions and future research directions. 展开更多
关键词 Sulfate radicals disinfection by-products Inactivation mechanisms Bacterial inactivation Water disinfection
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Genotoxicity Induced by Low Dose and Mixed Exposure to Haloacetaldehydes,an Emerging Class of Drinking Water Disinfection By-products
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作者 YANG Lili MA Wuren +6 位作者 JIANG Zhiqiang CHEN Yu QIU Meiyue ZHOU Ying James C.CRABBE ZHENG Weiwei QU Weidong 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第3期481-491,共11页
Haloacetaldehydes(HALs)are the third largest disinfection by-products(DBPs)class by mass in drinking water.Most of them alone in high doses are more cytotoxic and genotoxic than regulated DBPs.However,the toxic effect... Haloacetaldehydes(HALs)are the third largest disinfection by-products(DBPs)class by mass in drinking water.Most of them alone in high doses are more cytotoxic and genotoxic than regulated DBPs.However,the toxic effects of mixed exposure to HALs at environmentally relevant levels are still unknown.Given that genotoxicity is critical for risk assessment,we employed multiple genotoxic tests including the Salmonella typhimurium revertant mutation assay(Ames assay),the single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE)assay,the cytoplasmic blocking micronucleus(CBMN)assay,and theγ-H2AX assay to investigate the genotoxicity of HALs based on the HALs concentrations and components detected in the finished drinking water of Shanghai,China.The results demonstrated the concentrations of HALs were low,ranging from 0.04µg/L to 4.47µg/L,and the total concentration was 10.85µg/L.Although the mutagenicity of HALs was negative even at 1000-fold concentrations in the real world,mixed exposure to 100 and 1000-fold concentrations HALs resulted in DNA and chromosomal damage in human hepotocyte(HepG2)cells.HALs significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)andγ-H2AX and activated nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2(NRF2)pathway-related protein expressions in HepG2 cells.The antioxidant NAC could ameliorate NRF2 pathway-related protein expression and DNA damage caused by HALs,suggesting that the genotoxicity of mixed exposure to HALs involved cellular oxidative stress and NRF2 pathway activation. 展开更多
关键词 Unregulated disinfection by-product Haloacetaldehyde Mixed exposure GENOTOXICITY
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Enhanced removal of organic matter and typical disinfection byproduct precursors in combined iron–carbon micro electrolysis-UBAF process for drinking water pre-treatment 被引量:4
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作者 Yinghan Chen Tao Lin Wei Chen 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2019年第4期315-327,共13页
The organic matter and two types of disinfection byproduct(DBP) precursors in micropolluted source water were removed using an iron–carbon micro-electrolysis(ICME)combined with up-flow biological aerated filter(UBAF)... The organic matter and two types of disinfection byproduct(DBP) precursors in micropolluted source water were removed using an iron–carbon micro-electrolysis(ICME)combined with up-flow biological aerated filter(UBAF) process. Two pilot-scale experiments(ICME-UBAF and UBAF alone) were used to investigate the effect of the ICME system on the removal of organic matter and DBP precursors. The results showed that ICME pretreatment removed 15.6% of dissolved organic matter(DOM)and significantly improved the removal rate in the subsequent UBAF process. The ICME system removed 31% of trichloromethane(TCM) precursors and 20% of dichloroacetonitrile(DCAN) precursors. The results of measurements of the molecular weight distribution and hydrophilic fractions of DOM and DBP precursors showed that ICME pretreatment played a key role in breaking large-molecular-weight organic matter into low-molecular-weight components, and the hydrophobic fraction into hydrophilic compounds, which was favorable for subsequent biodegradation by UBAF.Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy(3D-EEM) further indicated that the ICME system improved the removal of TCM and DCAN precursors. The biomass analysis indicated the presence of a larger and more diverse microbial community in the ICME-UBAF system than for the UBAF alone. The high-throughput sequencing results revealed that domination of the genera Sphingomonas, Brevundimonas and Sphingorhabdus contributed to the better removal of organic matter and two types of DBP precursors. Also, Nitrosomonas and Pseudomonas were beneficial for ammonia removal. 展开更多
关键词 DRINKING water pre-treatment MICRO-ELECTROLYSIS UP-FLOW biological aerated filter Organic matter disinfection by-product precursors
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A review on treatment of disinfection byproduct precursors by biological activated carbon process
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作者 Jie Fu Ching-Hua Huang +1 位作者 Chenyuan Dang Qilin Wang 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2022年第10期4495-4504,共10页
Disinfection by-products(DBPs)in water systems have attracted increasing attention due to their toxic effects.Removal of precursors(mainly natural organic matter(NOM))prior to the disinfection process has been recogni... Disinfection by-products(DBPs)in water systems have attracted increasing attention due to their toxic effects.Removal of precursors(mainly natural organic matter(NOM))prior to the disinfection process has been recognized as the ideal strategy to control the DBP levels.Currently,biological activated carbon(BAC)process is a highly recommended and prevalent process for treatment of DBP precursors in advanced water treatment.This paper first introduces the fundamental knowledge of BAC process,including the history,basic principles,typical process flow,and basic operational parameters.Then,the selection of BAC process for treatment of DBP precursors is explained in detail based on the comparative analysis of dominant water treatment technologies from the aspects of mechanisms for NOM removal as well as the treatability of different groups of DBP precursors.Next,a thorough overview is presented to summarize the recent developments and breakthroughs in the removal of DBP precursors using BAC process,and the contents involved include effect of pre-BAC ozonation,removal performance of various DBP precursors,toxicity risk reduction,fractional analysis of NOM,effect of empty bed contact time(EBCT)and engineered biofiltration.Finally,some recommendations are made to strengthen current research and address the knowledge gaps,including the issues of microbial mechanisms,toxicity evaluation,degradation kinetics and microbial products. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection byproduct precursor Biological activated carbon Formation potential Natural organic matter Empty bed contact time OZONATION
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Research progress of disinfection and disinfection by-products in China 被引量:19
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作者 Xuefeng Sun Miao Chen +1 位作者 Dongbin Wei Yuguo Du 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2019年第7期52-67,共16页
Disinfection is an indispensable water treatment process for killing harmful pathogens and protecting human health. However, the disinfection has caused significant public concern due to the formation of toxic disinfe... Disinfection is an indispensable water treatment process for killing harmful pathogens and protecting human health. However, the disinfection has caused significant public concern due to the formation of toxic disinfection by-products(DBPs). Lots of studies on disinfection and DBPs have been performed in the world since 1974. Although related studies in China started in1980 s, a great progress has been achieved during the last three decades. Therefore, this review summarized the main achievements on disinfection and DPBs studies in China, which included:(1) the occurrence of DBPs in water of China,(2) the identification and detection methods of DBPs,(3) the formation mechanisms of DBPs during disinfection process,(4) the toxicological effects and epidemiological surveys of DBPs,(5) the control and management countermeasures of DBPs in water disinfection, and(6) the challenges and chances of DBPs studies in future. It is expected that this review would provide useful information and reference for optimizing disinfection process, reducing DBPs formation and protecting human health. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection disinfection by-products IDENTIFICATION FORMATION MECHANISMS TOXICOLOGY Control
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Carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-product formation in the surface and ground water treatment plants using Yellow River as water source 被引量:7
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作者 Yukun Hou Wenhai Chu Meng Ma 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2012年第7期1204-1209,共6页
This work investigated the formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-products (C-DBPs, N-DBPs) upon chlorination of water samples collected from a surface water and a ground water treatment plant (S... This work investigated the formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-products (C-DBPs, N-DBPs) upon chlorination of water samples collected from a surface water and a ground water treatment plant (SWTP and GWTP) where the conventional treatment processes, i.e., coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration were employed. Twenty DBPs, including four trihalomethanes, nine haloacetic acids, seven N-DBPs (dichloroacetamide, trichloroacetamide, dichloroacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, bromochloroace- tonitrile, dibromoacetonitrile and trichloronitromethane), and eight volatile chlorinated compounds (dichloromethane (DCM), 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene and 1,2,4- trichlorobenzene) were detected in the two WTPs. The concentrations of these contaminants were all below their corresponding maximum contamination levels (MCLs) regulated by the Standards for Drinking Water Quality of China (GB5749-2006) except for DCM (17.1 ~tg/L detected vs. 20 μg/L MCL). The SWTP had much higher concentrations of DBPs detected in the treated water as well as the DBP formation potentials tested in the filtered water than the GWTP, probably because more precursors (e.g., dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen) were present in the water source of the SWTE 展开更多
关键词 carbonaceous disinfection by-products nitrogenous disinfection by-products formation potential free chlorine watertreatment plant
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Disinfection by-product(DBP) research in China:Are we on the track? 被引量:5
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作者 Huiyu Dong Haifeng Zhang +2 位作者 Yan Wang Zhimin Qiang Min Yang 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第12期99-110,共12页
Disinfection by-products(DBPs) formed during water disinfection has drawn significant public concern due to its toxicity. Since the first discovery of the trihalomethanes in 1974,continued effort has been devoted on D... Disinfection by-products(DBPs) formed during water disinfection has drawn significant public concern due to its toxicity. Since the first discovery of the trihalomethanes in 1974,continued effort has been devoted on DBPs worldwide to investigate the formation mechanism, levels, toxicity and control measures in drinking water. This review summarizes the main achievements on DBP research in China, which included:(1) the investigation of known DBP occurrence in drinking water of China;(2) the enhanced removal of DBP precursor by water treatment process;(3) the disinfection optimization to minimize DBP formation;and(4) the identification of unknown DBPs in drinking water. Although the research of DBPs in China cover the whole formation process of DBPs, there is still a challenge in effectively controlling the drinking water quality risk induced by DBPs, an integrated research framework including chemistry, toxicology, engineering, and epidemiology is especially crucial. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection by-products OCCURRENCE precursor Unknown identification
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Characteristics of molecular weight distribution of dissolved organic matter in bromide-containing water and disinfection by-product formation properties during treatment processes 被引量:12
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作者 Ying Zhang Ning Zhang +1 位作者 Peng Zhao Zhiguang Niu 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第3期179-189,共11页
The characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM) and bromide ion concentration have a significant influence on the formation of disinfection by-products(DBPs). In order to identify the main DBP precursors, DOM... The characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM) and bromide ion concentration have a significant influence on the formation of disinfection by-products(DBPs). In order to identify the main DBP precursors, DOM was divided into five fractions based on molecular weight(MW), trihalomethane formation potential and haloacetic acid formation potential were determined for fractions, and the change in contents of different fractions and total DBPs during treatment processes(pre-chlorination, coagulation, sand filtration,disinfection) were studied. Moreover, the relationship between bromide concentration and DBP generation characteristics in processes was also analyzed. The results showed that the main DBP precursors were the fraction with MW 1 k Da and fraction with MW 3-10 k Da, and the DBP's generation ability of lower molecular weight DOM( 10 k Da) was higher than that of higher molecular weight DOM. During different processes,pre-chlorination and disinfection had limited effect on removing organics but could alter the MW distribution, and coagulation and filtration could effectively remove organics with higher MW. For DBPs, trihalomethanes(THMs) were mainly generated in pre-chlorination and disinfection, while haloacetic acids(HAAs) were mostly generated during pre-chlorination; coagulation and sand filtration had little effect on THMs but resulted in a slight removal of HAAs. In addition, the results of ANOVA tests suggested that molecular sizes and treatment processes have significant influence on DBP formation. With increasing bromide concentration, the brominated DBPs significantly increased, but the bromine incorporation factor in the processes was basically consistent at each concentration. 展开更多
关键词 disinfection by-products Molecular weight distribution Bromine incorporation factor Water treatmentUltrafiltration
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Formation and cytotoxicity of a new disinfection by-product (DBP) phenazine by chloramination of water containing diphenylamine 被引量:3
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作者 Wenjun Zhou Linjie Lou +2 位作者 Lifang Zhu Zhimin Li Lizhong Zhu 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2012年第7期1217-1224,共8页
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water have caused worldwide concern due to their potential carcinogenic effects. The formation of phenazine from diphenylamine (DPhA) chloramination was studied and its ... Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water have caused worldwide concern due to their potential carcinogenic effects. The formation of phenazine from diphenylamine (DPhA) chloramination was studied and its cytotoxicities for two human cancer cells were also investigated. Phenazine was detected synchronously with the consumption of DPhA by chloramination, which further confirmed that the new DBP phenazine can be produced along with N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA) from DPhA chloramination. The formation of phenazine had a maximum molar yield with solution pH increasing from 5.0 to 9.0, with phenazine as the main product for DPhA chloramination at lower pH, but higher pH favored the formation of NDPhA. Thus, solution pH is the key factor in controlling the formation of phenazine and NDPhA. Both the initial DPhA and chloramine concentrations did not show a significant effect on the molar yields of phenazine, although increasing the chloramine concentration could speed up the reaction rate of DPhA with chloramines. The cytotoxicity assays showed that phenazine had significant cell-specific toxicity towards T24 (bladder cancer cell lines) and HepG2 (hepatic tumor cell lines) cells with IC50 values of 0.50 and 2.04 mmol/L, respectively, and T24 cells being more sensitive to phenazine than HepG2 cells. The ICs0 values of phenazine, DPhA, and NDPhA for T24 cells were of the same order of magnitude and the cytotoxicity of phenazine for T24 cells was slightly lower than that of NDPhA (IC50, 0.16 mmol/L), suggesting that phenazine in drinking water may have an adverse effect on human health. 展开更多
关键词 PHENAZINE DIPHENYLAMINE disinfection by-product CHLORAMINATION CYTOTOXICITY
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