Synthesis of Some New Diazo Disperse Dyes and Their Application on Dyeing of Polyester

The synthesis of some new diazo disperse dyes containing a pyrazol-5-one was described. The structures of the new products have been deduced from elemental analysis and spectral dada such as UV-Vis absorption, IR, ^1H NMR, and MS spectroscopy. These dyestuffs gave satisfactory results when applied as disperse dyes to polyester fabric. The dyeing properties such as light fasmess, washing fastness and exhaustion studies have been investigated.

Preparation of Alizarin Dye Dispersion Solution and Dyeing of Cotton Fabric

Alizarin,extracted from rubia cordifolia,is a green natural dye.However,its application has been limited by its poor water solubility and pH sensitivity.In this study,linear sulfonic anionic surfactant(LAS)had been studied as a new dispersant,which promoted the dyeing of alizarin on fabrics under mild conditions.Ultraviolet visible(UV-vis)spectra and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectra confirmed appropriate bonding between alizarin and LAS,and the nano particle size analysis showed that LAS could promote the dispersion of alizarin in aqueous solution.Under the optimized condition of alizarin 4.8%on mass of fabric(omf)and LAS solution 2×10^(-2)mol/L,the fabrics were dyed with alizarin at room temperature and pH neutral conditions.The dyed fabrics had good washing fastness and ironing fastness.

New Disperse Dyes for Polyester Microfibres

A series of disperse dyes bearing ether groups have been synthesized. The visible absorption spectra of them were studied, their fastness on polyester microfibres were investigated.

Syntheses and Properties Studies on New Dispersed Dyes With Intermediate BIT

The target production were obtained by coupled reaction of 3-amino-5-nitro-2, 1- benzoisothiazole,as a diazo component,with some derivatives of anilline or some derivatives of naphthylamine sulfonic acid in proper condition. Their colors are from red to violet. They have excellent tight property. The chemical and physical test of production verified that they were some unique properties.

WATER SOLUBLE DISPERSE DYES CONTAINING CARBOXY-METHYL-SULFONYL GROUP

Water soluble disperse dyes of either monoazo or anthraquinone types containing the carboxymethylsulfonylgroup（-SO2CH2COOH）were synthesized.Ammonium salts of this type of dyes are more soluble thanother salts.These dyes are suitable for pad dyeing or printing on polyester fiber and polyester/cottonblends in either weak acid,neutral or weak alkali medium without a dispersing agent.The formation of-SO2CH3 group from -SO2CH2COOH group after fixing on the fiber was proved.

Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Cationic Reactive Disperse Dyes Containing Quaternary Group

The kinetics of hydrolysis of cationic reactive disperse dyes containing quaternary group and chemical shift（13CNMR） of the adjacent carbon atoms with pyridine-acetylamino were discussed. The results show pyridine-acetylamino reactive group had higher reactivity than chloroacetylamino and chemical shift（13 CNMR） of the adjacent carbon atoms with pyridine-acetylamino moved 18.77 ppm.

Study on Dyeing of a Novel,Pro-environment Polylactic Acid (PLA) Fiber Yarn

Seventeen disperse dyes including anthraquinone, azo, methine, nitro, and quinoline dyes were applied to dye the Polylactic Acid （PLA） yarns at different conditions, and the dyebath exhaustion was determined. The result shows that C.I. disperse red 167, C.I. disperse orange 30, and C.I. disperse blue 284 have dye-uptakes greater than 80%. Therefore, they can be used as the three principal dyes for PLA yams. The experiment discovered that the dyes, because of their Monoazo and ester group contents, have a higher dye-uptake for the PLA fiber. The research on the optimization of dyeing techniques suggests that PLA yarn can obtain a high level of dyeing effectiveness at the following conditions： pH 4- 5, dyeing temperture 110℃ for 30- 40 min. Color fastness to perspiration, and waterwashing fastness increased 1 - 1.5 by the addition of the abstergent FB during the reduction clearing.

Adsorption Mechanism of Disperse Dye on Elastic Polyurethane Fibre

In this paper, the adsorption isotherms of two disperse dyes, C.I. Disperse Red 60 and C.I. Disperse orange 76, on two kinds of PU fibers at 90℃ were measured respectively. It was found that these adsorption isotherms followed a dual model, Nernst and Langmuir. Based on the parameters obtained in studying, the relationship between the chemical structure of dyes and their adsorption behaviors was arialyzed. Through the measurement of washing fastness of dyed sample with two dye concentrations, 1% （o.w. f） and 3% （o. w. f）, it was found that the pale shade dyeing possessed better wet-fastness than the dark. This phenomenon confirmed further that the disperse dyes were sorbed on the PU fiber by langmuir sorption and the partition mechanism.

The Relationship between Polarographic Reduction Potentials and Discharge Properties of Disperse Dyes

The half-wave potentials of disperse dyes with different structures are measured, the relationship between half-wave potentials and their discharge properties is discussed, then their effect factors are studied, such as the chemical structure types and substituents of disperse dyes and technological parameters. The results indicate that the half-wave potentials of disperse dyes when reduced could be used to characterize their reducing and discharge properties.

Green Light-Emitting Organic Electroluminescent Device with a New Fluorescent Dye Dispersed in Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) Emitter Layer

Double-layer organic electroluminescent devices have been constructed. A new fluorescent dye, 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracence, was chosen as the dopant which was molecularly dispersed in the polymer film, and green light was observed from the device with luminance of 130cd/m(2) at 17V.

Flame Retardant Finishing of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fabric with a Carbon Source Containing DOPO Derivative

9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide( DOPO)-based flame retardant( DOPO-DOPC) which contains carbon source was used to improve the flame retardancy of poly( ethylene terephthalate)( PET) fabrics. The prepared DOPODOPC dispersion was applied onto PET fabrics via two kinds of processes,thermosol process and exhaustion process,and in the later using it alone or together with disperse dyes. The flame retardancy of PET fabrics was determined by limiting oxygen index( LOI) and vertical burning test. The results showed that DOPODOPC could obviously improve the flame retardancy of PET fabrics.The PET fabric treated by 60 g/L DOPO-DOPC dispersion via exhaustion process achieved an LOI value of 32. 3%,for example.The flame retardancy and dyeing performances showed that DOPODOPC dispersion could be used together with a part of disperse dyes in one bath. The thermal stability of DOPO-DOPC and the treated PET fabrics were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis( TGA). And the flame retardant mechanism of DOPO-DOPC treated PET fabrics was further investigated by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry( Py-GC/MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy( SEM).

Dyeing fine denier polypropylene fibers with phenylazo-β-naphthol-containing sulfonamide disperse dyes

A series of phenylazo-β-naphthol-containing sulfonamide disperse dyes were prepared from C.I.Acid Orange 7 by successive reactions of chlorination and amination,and their chemical structures were characterized by FTIR,1H NMR,and mass spectrometry.The dyes were applied to coloring of knitted fabrics from fine denier polypropylene fibers by exhaust dyeing and their optimal dyeing conditions,such as dyebath pH,dyeing temperature,dyeing time,and dye concentration were investigated in detail.Then,dye exhaustion,color strength,and color fastnesses of the dyes on the fibers were assessed and summarized.In view of dye exhaustion and color strength of the sulfonamide dyes on fine denier PP fabrics,90℃ was selected as the best dyeing temperature at dye concentration below or equal to 3.0%owf.For achieving higher color strength,130℃ was the better choice when the dye concentration was above 3.0%owf.The sulfonamide dyes,especially secondary sulfonamide dyes,exhibited superior dye exhaustion and color fastnesses to washing,sublimation,and rubbing on fine denier PP fabrics in comparison to C.I.Solvent Yellow 14 bearing the same chromophore but without sulfonamide group.

Recipes Prediction by Matching to K/S Values Based on New Two-constant Theory

A concept of new two-constant of colorant, both （ R/St ） and （s/St）, is introduced based on the Kubelka-Munk theory. A new two-constant theory for color matching is presented. Basic equations used in matching to K/S values are given in matrix form based on the new two-constant theory. Algorithm for a least-squares match to K/S values of a sample is developed by use of the new two-constant theory. The algorithm is suitable for single-constant theory as well as two-constant theory. The experimental data show that calculating K/S values of disperse dyes based on new two- constant theory are accordant with the measuring ones. The recipes predicted by new two-constant theory arc closer to the actual recipes of the standard sample than the recipes predicted by single-constant theory. The sample according to the recipe predicted by new two-constant theory has smaller color difference against for the standard than the sample according to the recipe predicted by single-constant theory. The results show that the scattering of disperse dyes cannot be negligible, and that the recipes match to textiles colored by disperse dyes should be predicted by using of new two-constant theory.

Orientation in Nematic Liquid Crystals Doped with Orange Dyes and Effect of Carbon Nanoparticles

Some properties of nematic liquid crystal E7 doped with two disperse orange dyes used together and effect of addition of carbon nanoparticles （single walled carbon nanotube or fullerene C60） on them were studied. Two dyes （disperse orange 11 and 13） having high solubility and order parameter were used as co-dopants. A notable increase in order parameter was obtained comparing to that of liquid crystal doped with single dye. When carbon nanoparticles were used as dopant, a decrease in order parameter was observed at low temperatures while it increased at high temperatures. When applied voltage changed, the order parameter abruptly increased in its threshold value and saturated in higher voltages as expected. An appreciable change in textures was not observed with addition of dopants. This addition gave rise to an increase in nematic-isotropic phase transition temperatures compared with that of pure liquid crystal.

Synthesis and Application of Sodium Benzoylthioglycollate to Cotton Fabric

The paper discussed the synthesis and application of sodium benzoylthioglycollate (BTG) to cotton cellulose. The main product was proved to be BTG. Dyeing substantivity of modified cotton fibre by BTG with disperse dye were improved. The effect of modification conditions, such as the property of alkali and its using amount, curing temperature and time were discussed. Colour yield and resistance to wash fastness were also measured.

Catalyzed degradation of disperse dyes by calcium alginate-pectin entrapped bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) peroxidase

Calcium-alginate pectin entrapped bitter gourd peroxidase （BGP） has been employed for the treatment of disperse dyes： Disperse Brown 1 （DB 1） and Disperse Red 17 （DR 17）. Peroxidase alone was unable to decolorize DR 17 and DB 1. However, the investigated dyes were decolorized maximally by BGP in the presence of 0.2 mmol/L redox mediator, violuric acid （VA）. A slow decrease in percent decolorization was observed when VA concentration was higher than 0.2 mmol/L which could likely be due to the high reactivity of its aminoxyl radical （ N–O . ） intermediate, that might undergo chemical reactions with aromatic amino acid side chains of the enzyme thereby inactivating it. Maximum decolorization of the dyes was observed at pH 3.0 and 40°C within 2 hr of incubation. Immobilized peroxidase decolorized 98% DR 17 and 71% DB 1 using 35 U of BGP in batch process in 90 min. Immobilized enzyme decolorized 85% DR 17 and 51% DB 1 whereas soluble enzyme decolorized DR 17 to 48% and DB 1 to 30% at 60°C. UV-visible spectral analysis was used to evaluate the degradation of these dyes and their toxicity was tested by Allium cepa test. The generally observed higher stability of the bioaffinity bound enzymes against various forms of inactivation may be related to the specific and strong binding of enzyme with bioaffinity support which prevents the unfolding/denaturation of enzyme. Thus entrapped peroxidase was found to be effective in the decolorization of the investigated dyes.

NAPHTHALIMIDE BASED DISPERSE DYES FOR NYLON 6 AND POLYESTER(PET) FIBERS:SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF TECHNICAL PROPERTIES IN THE PRESENCE OF UREA

Technical properties of two naphthalimide based disperse dyes on nylon 6 and polyester fibers were investigated in the presence of urea. The two naphthalimide based disperse dyes were synthesized. The dyes were purified and then fully characterized using 1H-NMR, FTIR and melting point analysis. Dispersion of the dyes was prepared in water and applied on nylon 6 and PET fibers. The dyes offered good build-up properties on the substrates. In order to increase dye adsorption of the substrates, urea was added into the dyebath. By adding urea, the dye adsorption of polyester was increased significantly, while the increase of that of nylon 6 was not marked. The dyes showed good fastness properties on the substrates.

Facile synthesis and properties of alkali-clearable azo disperse dye containing a carboxylic ester moiety

A yellow, alkali-clearable azo disperse dye containing a carboxylic ester moiety was readily synthesized from the reactant p-aminobenzoic acid by successive diazotization, coupling reaction, chlorination and esterification with ethanol. Then its molecular structure was characterized by FTIR,1H NMR,13 C NMR,mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The synthesized dye and a similar control dye containing the acylamide moiety（I） were applied to dyeing poly（ethylene terephthalate） fabric and their washing and rubbing fastness properties with different post-treatment methods（reduction clearing and alkali clearing） were examined and compared. It is found that the ester-containing disperse dye shows good alkali-clear ability on poly（ethylene terephthalate） fabric and contaminates little to environment due to the absence of reductants, as well as low toxicity and easy recycling of the hydrolysates.

Novel azo dyes derived from 8-methyl-4-hydroxyl-2-quinolone:Synthesis,UV-vis studies and biological activity

In this study,N,N＇-di-（2-methylphenyl）malonamide was synthesized and reacted with polyphosphoric acid to afford 8-methyl-4-hydroxyl-2-quinolone.Eight novel azo disperse dyes were then synthesized by linking diazotized p-substituted aniline derivatives with 8-methyl-4-hydroxyl-2-quinolone.The solvatochromism of these azo dyes in various solvents was evaluated.All the compounds were then evaluated for their antibacterial activity against four bacteria,namely.Bacillus subtilis.Micrococcus luteus, Salmonella enterica,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The results showed that some of these compounds have high levels of antibacterial activity.