Study on the Girder-End Displacement of a Suspension Bridge Based on Field Measurements

The load-response correlation is a great concern for the management and maintenance agency of bridges. Based on both the load test data and the long-term structural health monitoring data, this study aims to characterize the variation in the girder-end longitudinal displacement of a long-span suspension bridge, i.e., the Zhaoyun Bridge in Guangdong Province of China. The load test provides a valuable chance to investigate the structural deformation in high loading levels, while the structural health monitoring system records the real-time, in-site, and long-term measurements in the normal operational stage of bridges. During the load test, the movement direction of the main girder is found to depend on the relative position of the center of gravity of the girder and the loading vehicles. However, over the period of normal operation, the quasi-static displacement at the ends of the main girder along the bridge axis is dominated by the temperature variations, rather than the traffic loading. The temperature-induced deformation is considerable so it should be filtered out from the structural total responses to highlight the live load effects or the anomalies of the bridge. As a case study, the temperature-displacement baseline model of the Zhaoyun Bridge is established and then utilized to identify the erroneous measurements in the structural health monitoring system. This paper serves as a reference for the structural behavior interpretation and performance evaluation of similar bridges.

Study and application of monitoring plane displacement of a similarity model based on time-series images

In order to compensate for the deficiency of present methods of monitoring plane displacement in similarity model tests,such as inadequate real-time monitoring and more manual intervention,an effective monitoring method was proposed in this study,and the major steps of the monitoring method include:firstly,time-series images of the similarity model in the test were obtained by a camera,and secondly,measuring points marked as artificial targets were automatically tracked and recognized from time-series images.Finally,the real-time plane displacement field was calculated by the fixed magnification between objects and images under the specific conditions.And then the application device of the method was designed and tested.At the same time,a sub-pixel location method and a distortion error model were used to improve the measuring accuracy.The results indicate that this method may record the entire test,especially the detailed non-uniform deformation and sudden deformation.Compared with traditional methods this method has a number of advantages,such as greater measurement accuracy and reliability,less manual intervention,higher automation,strong practical properties,much more measurement information and so on.

Application of Digital Image Correlation and Geodetic Displacement Measuring Methods to Monitor Water Dam Behavior under Dynamic Load

This paper presents experiment results of the measurement conducted at the Roznew Dam power plant. For a course of starting and operating of turbo-plants, downstream face of the dam was monitored in relation to its eventual displacements on direction parallel to the construction axis. For the purpose of the experiment, geodetic measurement techniques and 2D DIC （digital image correlation） method （utilizing photographs of the object recorded with digital camera） were compared with regard to credibility, efficiency and accuracy. The vertical and horizontal displacements were monitored by tachometers measurements. The deformations in x-axis and y-axis on the wall surface was monitored by 2D DIC. It has been noticed that 2D DIC method is a surface method, continuous--not discreet. It allows for continuous observations of surface deformations, which is not possible in case of tachemetric measurements. Despite many advantages, the 2D DIC method lacks unambiguous evaluation of precision and relevance of designated displacements, which is rather significant for possibilities of utilization in technical control of large engineered objects. It should be also marked that the tachometric method is more reliable but is more laborious. Research of this type might comprise additional element for the assessment of the influence of dynamic loads, such as activating turbine water flow, onto the overall condition of the surveyed structure.

A NOVEL INTEGRATED OPTICS MIORODISPLACEMENT SENSOR

A novel fiber optics micredisplacement sensor employing a GRIN rod lens is described. The paper presents the operational principle of this device using a geometric optic approach. According to the theoretical analysis, we know how to select the parameters of the GRIN rod lens,fibers and other elements in design. DUe to the novel structure, the displacement sensitivity of this sensor is better than the conventional lateral microdisplacment sensor, by a factor of 2.

Development of a Seismometer-Type Absolute Displacement Sensor Aimed at Detecting Earthquake Waves with a Large Magnitude and Long Period

This paper proposes a novel seismometer-type absolute displacement sensor aimed at detecting earthquake waves with a large magnitude and long period. However, since the measuring range of the displacement sensor is higher than its natural frequency, it is difficult to detect low frequency vibrations below 1 Hz using a conventional a seismic-type displacement sensor. In order to provide an absolute displacement detection which is capable of lowering the natural frequency and enlarging the detectable amplitude without causing structural defects, the relative signals of displacement, velocity, and acceleration between a detected object and the auxiliary mass of the sensor are fed back into the sensor. In addition, phase lag compensation is inserted to adjust phase angles, which are of a frequency of 1 Hz. According to simulation results, a detection range from 0.1 Hz to 50 Hz is expected. It has been demonstrated that the developed sensor with a small size and light weight has a detection range of from 0.5 Hz to 50 Hz for absolute displacement and velocity. As an additional advantage, the measurement displacement amplitude has been expanded to about 20 dB. This sensor is available to use for the active control method. of flexible structures like high rise buildings using the LQ control

Nonlinear Modeling and Identification of Structural Joint by Response Control Vibration Test

Components of mechanical product are assembled by structural joints,such as bolting,riveting,welding,etc.Structural joints introduce nonlinearity to some engineering structures,and the nonlinearity need to be modeled precisely.To meet serious quality requirements,it is necessary to detect and identify nonlinearity of mechanical products for structural optimization.Modal test to acquire a dynamic response has been applied for decades,which provides reliable results for finite element(FE)model updating.Here response control vibration test for identification of nonlinearity is presented.A nonlinear system can be regarded as linearity for particular steady state response,and classical linear analysis tool is applicable to extract modal data for particular response.First,its applicability is illustrated by some numerical simulations.Subsequently,it is implemented on experimental setup with structural joints by shaking table.The stiffness and damping function dependent of relative displacement are fitted to describe its inherent nonlinearity.The spring and damping forces are identified by harmonic balance method(HBM)to predict output response.Based on the identified results,the procedure is recommended that it allows a reliable measurement of nonlinearity with a certain accuracy.

基于设备调度的传感器综合数据库设计与应用

试验安装过程中,制约传感器快速安装的主要问题在于传感器参数的在线更新和设备调度过程中的实时交互影响,这一定程度降低了传感器的部署和调度的效率。为此,本文提出了基于参数匹配的传感器数据库技术,梳理和定义了常用传感器选型和设计指标,有效提高了传感器选型、部署、调度和安装的效率。

书夹型钢-混组合结构在桥梁加宽中的应用研究

为避免桥梁加宽时下部结构拓宽,减少新旧桥面纵向裂缝及铺装层损伤,提出一种以钢结构立柱及护栏、书夹式钢板、高强度螺栓为主要构件,超高性能混凝土(UHPC)为铺装层的书夹型钢-混组合结构进行桥梁加宽。为评估该组合结构在运营条件下的安全性,以厦门官浔溪大桥加宽工程为背景,通过实桥现场静载试验研究水平荷载作用下书夹型钢-混组合结构的力学性能,并与数值仿真结果进行对比,验证试验结果的可靠性。结果表明:实测结果与数值仿真结果吻合良好;书夹型钢-混组合结构关键部位荷载~位移曲线、荷载~应力曲线呈线性变化,钢结构最大拉应力约为材料屈服强度的75%,整体结构处于弹性工作阶段;螺栓预紧力有效减少了高强度螺栓的直剪作用,降低了剪切疲劳破坏风险;采用书夹型钢-混组合结构进行桥梁加宽可有效避免下部结构拓宽,改善新旧桥面纵向裂缝及铺装层损伤,具有较好的加宽效果。

Self-Compensating Displacement Sensor Based on Hydramatic Structured Transducer and Fiber Bragg Grating

An optical fiber displacement sensor with a large measuring range for simultaneous displacement and temperature measurement is presented in this paper. We developed a specific transducer based on the piston and hydraumatic structure to realize a large displacement measurement, which combined the large measuring range and high precision into a single sensor system. The spectrum showed two reflection peaks used to compensate for cross-sensitivity in the displacement detection. This displacement sensor can linearly work in a large measuring displacement range greater than 45 mm with a high sensitivity of 0.036nm/mm. The sensor we reported can be developed for real-time displacement monitoring in many industrial environments such as the mechanical shape or liquid level monitoring.

覆冰拉线测风塔钢绞线预应力施加方法

拉线测风塔是由直立的桁架结构塔身和沿高度方向斜向布置的数层钢绞线组成的高耸结构。在正常设计和建造的情况下,测风塔结构物发生破坏的概率之高在土工结构物中实属罕见。其中,有不少测风塔的结构破坏是在风荷载和覆冰荷载联合作用下发生的。目前,由于我国对覆冰荷载和风荷载联合作用下测风塔结构整体稳定性方面的研究还不够成熟,所以有必要进行如下研究。应用ANSYS有限元软件建立拉线测风塔模型,根据规范对其施加风荷载和覆冰荷载,通过改变钢绞线的预应力大小,观察塔身的节点位移情况,总结覆冰情况下拉线测风塔塔身位移规律,并最终确定更加合理的钢绞线预应力施加方法。

多因素影响下巷道稳定性控制及支护技术研究

针对友众煤矿15号煤层工作面内巷道稳定性较差,造成引起围岩变形加剧的情况。首先,通过理论分析的确定巷道优化后的锚杆(索)支护参数,达到提高巷道围岩的残余强度的目的。其次,结合室内锚杆拉拔试验可知,锚杆直径为20mm的屈服极限平均载荷相较于直径为18mm的锚杆有明显提升,说明抗拉性能强于直径为18 mm的锚杆不易发生锚杆断裂事故。最后,通过数值模拟和现场实验得出,现有巷道支护方案的变形量明显小于原巷道方案的巷道变形量,较好的保证巷道总体变形逐渐区域稳定状态,能够满足安全生产需要。

长标距传感技术在结构力学实验教学中的应用

设计了间接位移测量综合实验。通过引入长标距光纤光栅(FBG)传感原理和间接位移测量原理,展示了基于长标距FBG传感的结构位移测量实验流程,并以简支梁动静态实验为例,指导学生设计并完成实验。基于长标距FBG传感技术的位移测量综合实验,测量了结构的应变和位移响应,揭示了结构应变和位移间的转换关系,解决了测量内容单一、技术不可靠以及成本高等难题,培养了学生理论联系实际和分析问题解决问题的能力,深化了学生对结构力学中力学原理的理解。

航空发动机高压涡轮转子轴向位移径向测量技术研究

为解决航空发动机高压涡轮转子轴向位移测量难题,提出了一种轴向位移径向测量的方法。通过该方法,建立了轴向位移与径向测量参数的关系模型;研制了轴向位移专用校准装置并设计了轴向位移校准方法;构建了一套耐高温轴向位移径向测量系统,该系统采用耐高温测量探头,满足航空发动机整机测试环境和结构特点的测量要求;完成了测量系统整机试验验证,在地面试验过程中进行高压涡轮转子轴向位移测量,得到轴向位移随发动机转速的变化规律。

既有建筑物桩基静载试验方法研究

桩基静载试验作为确定单桩极限承载力的重要手段,在工程中得到了广泛应用。因为既有建筑的特殊性,导致传统的堆载法、锚桩法和自平衡法难以实现既有建筑物工程桩的承载力静载试验。针对现有桩基承载力检测方法的局限性,研究对既有建筑物桩基承载力检测方法进行了分析。该研究提供了一种既有建筑物桩基静载试验的方法,对既有建筑物承台(或筏形基础)底部桩基进行承载力静载测试。该方法无需破拆既有建筑物,即可解决施工空间对传统方法的限制,且试验期间既有建筑物仍能正常使用。

大桩距刚性桩复合地基压板试验预制承压板设计

针对刚性桩复合地基压板试验承压板尺寸大,采用传统钢制承压板存在制作成本高、易变形、各尺寸适用灵活度低等缺陷,本文结合工程实际中各承压板所需尺寸,采用单、双层预制钢筋混凝土板代替钢板。试验前采用‘理正’结构计算软件验算承压板厚度和配筋。提出以双层预制钢筋混凝土承压板代替单层板,可进一步降低造价,便于安装,并满足压板刚度,提高试验精度,为大尺寸承压板设计提供参考。

激光测距在万能试验机位移测量的应用

激光位移传感器测距仪广泛用于工业、军事、建筑等领域。近年来,随着计量技术的不断发展,激光测距在计量检测中成为主要的测距方法。本文对激光位移传感器测距仪进行简要分析,阐述了激光位移传感器测距仪在电子万能试验机位移测量方面的应用,以提高万能试验机的检测精度和效率,促进计量行业的不断进步和发展。

一种平板载荷试验反力装置设计与应用

针对市政管廊工程基槽开挖较狭窄,无法采用常规压重平台反力装置进行平板载荷试验的问题,基于锚桩法原理,设计了一种新型平板载荷试验反力装置,该反力装置由侧部立式组件(钢板桩)、型钢反力架(H型)、抗剪钢肋及其连接、位移监测装置组成。试验前对反力装置的侧部立式组件抗拔力、工字钢梁抗弯强度和焊缝抗剪强度进行设计验算,试验过程中对立式组件进行抗拔位移监测,评价装置的可靠性和保证数据的可靠性。通过在某市政管廊狭窄沟槽底平板载荷试验工程实例,验证了该装置的可行性。结果表明,装置具有安装便捷、占地小、适用性强、降低成本和试验数据可靠的优点。

砂卵石地层深基坑监控量测与数值模拟分析

以成都某轨道交通砂卵石层深基坑为研究对象,对基坑开挖过程中桩身水平位移、周边地表沉降和内撑轴力进行监控量测,并采用midas GTS三维有限元软件进行模拟分析。结果表明:地铁车站深基坑的变形具有明显的空间分布特征,坑角效应显著;基坑扩大端围护桩的水平位移和周边地表沉降均小于标准段;桩身水平位移、地表沉降及内撑轴力的模拟值与实测值相近,有限元分析可较好地预测开挖过程中基坑的应力与变形演化规律;桩顶水平位移的实测值远大于计算值,可能与土体本构模型、基坑周边荷载及施工工序与实际不符等有关。

智能化高压开关机械试验测试用位移传感器的分析与研究

笔者在分析传统高压开关设备与智能化高压开关设备各自不同特征的基础上,结合国家电网智能高压开关试验指导意见及GB 1984—2003关于高压开关机械性能试验要求,分析了智能化高压开关机械特性测试用传感器选型、安装位置、安装方法等对特性测试结果的影响。分析结果表明,为准确测量高压开关机械性能参数,传感器应安装于断路器能够准确反应触头运动特性位置。为了便于智能高压断路器在进行机械性能的型式试验考核,应考虑数字式位移传感器的接口协议如何与测试系统相匹配。

乌鞘岭隧道F4断层区段监控量测综合分析

乌鞘岭隧道是兰新线重点控制工程,是国内最长的单线铁路隧道。该隧道穿越4条区域性大断层,地质及地应力条件十分复杂,围岩软弱破碎,变形大。针对复杂应力条件下的软岩大变形隧道特点,在F4断层区段施工过程中,严格进行系统、全面、长期的监控量测指导设计施工,以实测的拱顶下沉、水平收敛、锚杆轴力、初期支护围岩压力、初期支护钢架应力、初期支护混凝土应力、二次衬砌接触压力、二次衬砌混凝土应力数据为依托,进行实测数据与施工工序的关系、围岩压力与位移的关系、量测项目稳定值的预测、多量测项目发展趋势相互关系规律、位移的纵向分布规律、荷载侧压力系数、二次衬砌分担围岩压力比例、二次衬砌施作时机等多项综合分析,及时将处理信息反馈给施工,对开挖后的结构稳定性作出分析判断及采取相应措施。实践证明效果可靠,围岩稳定,结构完好,为保证该区段顺利贯通提供可靠的技术保证。