Control performance comparison between tuned liquid damper and tuned liquid column damper using real-time hybrid simulation

Tuned liquid damper (TLD) and tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) are two types of passive control devices that are widely used in structural control. In this study, a real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) technique is employed to investigate the diff erence in control performance between TLD and TLCD. A series of RTHSs is presented with the premise of the same liquid length, mass ratio, and structural parameters. Herein, TLD and TLCD are physically experimented, and controlled structures are numerically simulated. Then, parametric studies are performed to further evaluate the diff erent performance between TLD and TLCD. Experimental results demonstrate that TLD is more eff ective than TLCD under diff erent amplitude excitations.

Contribution of tuned liquid column gas dampers to the performance of offshore wind turbines under wind, wave, and seismic excitations

The main intention of the present study is to reduce wind, wave, and seismic induced vibrations of jacket- type offshore wind turbines （JOWTs） through a newly developed vibration absorber, called tuned liquid column gas damper （TLCGD）. Using a Simulink-based model, an analytical model is developed to simulate global behavior of JOWTs under different dynamic excitations. The study is followed by a parametric study to explore efficiency of the TLCGD in terms of nacelle acceleration reduction under wind, wave, and earthquake loads. Study results indicate that optimum frequency of the TLCGD is rather insensitive to excitation type. In addition, while the gain in vibration control from TLCGDs with higher mass ratios is generally more pronounced, heavy TLCGDs are more sensitive to their tuned frequency such that ill-regulated TLCGD with high mass ratio can lead to destructive results. It is revealed that a well regulated TLCGD has noticeable contribution to the dynamic response of the JOWT under any excitation.

Suppression of Wave-Excited Vibration of Offshore Platform by Use of Tuned Liquid Dampers

This paper describes experimental and theoretical investigations of Tuned Liquid Damper (TLD) characteristics for suppressing the wave-excited structural vibration. The structural model for the experiments is scaled according to a full size offshore platform by matching their dynamic properties. Rectangular TLDs of different sizes with partially filled liquid are examined. By observing the performance and behavior of TLDs through laboratory experiments, the Study investigates the influence of a number of parameters, including container size, container shape, frequency ratio, and incident wave characteristics. In an analytical study, a mathematical model that describes the nonlinear behavior of liquid in TLD and the interaction of TLD and structure is prerequisite. The validity of the model is evaluated and simulating results can reasonably match the corresponding experimental results.

Seismic Response Reduction for Fixed Offshore Platform by Tuned Liquid Damper

An approach to seismic response reduction for offshore platforms by the use of the tuned liquid damper is presented in this paper. First of all, the effects of the tuned frequency ratio and excited frequency ratio on the seismic response reduction of the platform structure are investigated. Based on the results, a mechanical model and equation of motion for the TLD-platform system are established. And then effectiveness of the appraoch is verified by numerical calculation.

Optimum geometry of tuned liquid column-gas damper for control of offshore jacket platform vibrations under seismic excitation

In this study, the effectiveness of a tuned liquid column-gas damper, TLCGD, on the.suppression of seismic-induced vibrations of steel jacket platforms is evaluated. TLCGD is an interesting choice in the case of jacket platforms because it is possible to use the structural elements as the horizontal column of the TLCGD. The objective here is to find the optimum geometric parameters, namely orientation and configuration of vertical columns, length ratio, and area ratio of the TLCGD, considering nonlinear damping of the TLCGD and water-structure interaction between the jacket platform and sea water. The effects of different characteristics of ground motion such as PGA and frequency content on the optimum geometry are also investigated and it is observed that these features have some influence on the optimum area ratio. Finally it is observed that pulse arrangement of ground acceleration is one of the most important parameters affecting the efficiency of a TLCGD. In other words, it is found that the TLCGD＇s capability to reduce the RMS responses depends only on the frequency content of the ground acceleration, but its capability to reduce the maximum responses depends on both the frequency content and the pulse arrangement of the ground acceleration.

Seismic response control with density-variable tuned liquid dampers

In this paper, the seismic effectiveness of a density-variable tuned liquid damper （DVTLD） with a sloping bottom is experimentally investigated through a series of shake table tests on a 1/4-scale, 3-story frame structure and numerically simulated by a new semi-analytical model. Special attention was given to reducing the first peak and maximum response under near- and far-field ground motions, and the robustness of a density-variable control system consisting of multiple DVTLDs with closely-spaced frequencies. Adaptable to earthquake excitations, the density-variable control system has been demonstrated to be more effective and more robust than its corresponding traditional tuned liquid damper in suppressing story drift and floor acceleration of the structure. Numerical simulations of the DVTLD-controlled structure agreed very well in phase with experimental results but somewhat overestimated the amplitude of the structural response.

Wind-induced vibration control of bridges using liquid column damper

The potential application of tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) for suppressing wind-induced vibration of long span bridges is explored in this paper.By installing the TLCD in the bridge deck,a mathematical model for the bridge-TLCD system is established.The governing equations of the system are developed by considering all three displacement components of the deck in vertical,lateral,and torsional vibrations,in which the interactions between the bridge deck,the TLCD,the aeroelastic forces,and the aerodynamic forces are fully reflected.Both buffeting and flutter analyses are carried out.The buffeting analysis is performed through random vibration approach,and a critical flutter condition is identified from flutter analysis.A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the control effectiveness of the damper and it is shown that the TLCD can be an effective device for suppressing wind-induced vibration of long span bridges,either for reducing the buffeting response or increasing the critical flutter wind velocity of the bridge.

Improving the seismic performance of base-isolated liquid storage tanks with supplemental linear viscous dampers

Large tanks are extensively used for storing water,petrochemicals and fuels.Since they are often cited in earthquake-prone areas,the safe and continuous operation of these important structures must be ensured even when severe earthquakes occur,since their failure could have devastating financial and socio-environmental consequences.Base-isolation has been widely adopted for the efficient seismic protection of such critical facilities.However,base-isolated tanks can be located relatively close to active faults that generate strong excitations with special characteristics.Consequently,viscous dampers can be incorporated into the isolation system to reduce excessive displacement demands and to avoid overconservative isolator design.Nonetheless,only a few studies have focused on the investigation of seismic response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks in conjunction with supplemental viscous dampers.Therefore,the impact of the addition of supplemental linear viscous dampers on the seismic performance of tanks isolated by single friction pendulum devices is investigated herein.Four levels of supplemental damping are assessed and compared with respect to isolators′displacement capacity and accelerations that are transferred to the tanks.

Torsionally Coupled Response Control of Offshore Platform Structures Using Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers

In this paper, the control performance is investigated of Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (CTLCD) over torsional response of offshore platform structures excited by ground motions. Based on the equation of motion for the CTLCD-structure system, the optimal control parameters of CTLCD are given through some derivations on the supposition that the ground motion is a stochastic process. The influence of systematic parameters on the equivalent damping ratio of the structures is analyzed with purely torsional vibration and translational-torsional coupled vibration, respectively. The results show that the Circular Tuned Liquid Column Damper (CTLCD) is an effective torsional response control device.

Impact of seismic excitation characteristics on the efficiency of tuned liquid column dampers

Various types of passive control systems have been used to suppress the seismic response of structures in recent years. Among these systems, Tuned Liquid Column Dampers （TLCDs） dissipate the input earthquake energy by combining the effects of the movement of the liquid mass in the container, the restoring force on the liquid due to the gravity loads and the damping due to the liquid movement through orifices. In this study, the effects of seismic excitation characteristics such as frequency content and soil condition on the seismic performance of TLCDs are investigated using nonlinear time-history analyses. In this regard, among the past earthquake ground motion records of Iran, 16 records with different parameters were selected. In the structural model developed, the attached TLCD is simulated as a Tuned Mass Damper （TMD） having the same vibration period and damping ratio as the original TLCD. The numerical results show that the seismic excitation characteristics have a substantial role on the displacement reduction capability of TLCDs and they should be considered accordingly in the design of TLCDs.

大跨度桥梁超低频调谐液体质量阻尼器研发及应用

大跨度桥梁在运营过程中易发生较为明显的超低频振动问题,采用调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)进行控制时,由于箱梁内部空间有限,常规TMD在结构上无法满足要求。基于此,提出一种基于浮力和流固耦合作用的超低频调谐液体质量阻尼器(TLMD)。为研究TLMD对结构的阻尼减振效果,进行模型试验,分析安装TLMD前、后主结构加速度幅值和阻尼比;将该新型超低频TLMD在贵州龙里河大桥上进行实桥应用,测试主梁频率特性和阻尼比。模型试验及实桥应用结果表明:TLMD减振技术可实现0.283 Hz乃至更低频率的超低频阻尼减振;采取TLMD控制后,模型试验主结构的阻尼比从0.038%提高至2.2%,主结构的加速度幅值从减振前的0.41 m/s2降低至0.01 m/s2;贵州龙里河大桥超低频TLMD当采用0.31%的质量比时,主梁一阶竖弯模态实测阻尼比从0.20%提高至0.82%,阻尼比提高了3.1倍。超低频TLMD参数稳定、性能可靠,有效降低了阻尼器的安装高度,显著提升了结构阻尼比,增强了桥梁的抗风性能。

在役斜拉索粘滞阻尼器力学性能与控制效果研究

针对在役斜拉索粘滞阻尼器长期服役后易产生液体泄漏的问题,采用性能试验和有限元法定量评估并分析液体泄漏对阻尼器力学性能和减振控制效果的影响。首先,采用性能试验的方法分析实桥液体泄漏粘滞阻尼器力学性能,研究滑移产生的机理;然后,引入缝隙单元并与粘壶单元串联,建立液体泄漏粘滞阻尼器力学模型,确定模型参数并通过试验验证;最后,基于该力学模型,采用数值模拟方法建立斜拉索-液体泄漏粘滞阻尼器的系统模型,分析液体泄漏对斜拉索附加模态阻尼比的影响。结果表明:液体泄漏导致粘滞阻尼器阻尼力滞回曲线出现明显的滑移现象;液体泄漏后粘滞阻尼器内部出现空隙,当活塞杆经过空隙时无法产生正常的阻尼力,导致阻尼力滞回曲线出现滑移平台,显著削弱了阻尼器的耗能能力;随着滑移量的增大,粘滞阻尼器能够实现的一阶附加模态阻尼比逐渐减少,降低了其对斜拉索的减振控制效果。

调谐液柱阻尼器-结构系统风致振动响应的CFD/CSD耦合分析方法

针对调谐液柱阻尼器(tuned liquid column damper, TLCD)难以建立其精确的非线性理论分析模型,且其力学性能试验成本高和耗时长等问题,首先采用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟方法,对TLCD系统的力学性能和动力特征进行仿真模拟,在此基础上进一步提出了基于计算流体动力学/计算结构动力学(CFD/CSD)耦合分析方法,求解带TLCD系统的高层建筑结构的风致动力响应。通过开展某一TLCD系统在特定底部激励下的力学性能和动力特性试验,得到其内液体晃荡的自由液面波高和晃动力时程,验证了CFD数值模拟方法可以准确地分析TLCD水箱内液体的非线性晃动特征。随后对风工程领域广泛采用的76层建筑结构振动控制Benchmark模型,假设其顶部设置TLCD系统时主体结构在三种风速重现期(10、50和100年)风速对应的横风向动力风荷载激励下的风致控制效率,采用提出的CFD/CSD耦合分析方法,进行了数值仿真模拟分析。耦合分析结果表明,TLCD系统对Benchmark模型的风致加速度、速度和位移响应均有一定的控制效果,对加速度响应的控制效果要优于对位移响应的控制效果。该研究方法可为复杂TLCD系统对高层建筑的风振控制分析提供有效的参考。

Stability and accuracy of central difference method for real-time dynamic substructure testing considering mass participation coefficient

For real-time dynamic substructure testing(RTDST),the influence of the inertia force of fluid specimens on the stability and accuracy of the integration algorithms has never been investigated.Therefore,this study proposes to investigate the stability and accuracy of the central difference method(CDM)for RTDST considering the specimen mass participation coefficient.First,the theory of the CDM for RTDST is presented.Next,the stability and accuracy of the CDM for RTDST considering the specimen mass participation coefficient are investigated.Finally,numerical simulations and experimental tests are conducted for verifying the effectiveness of the method.The study indicates that the stability of the algorithm is affected by the mass participation coefficient of the specimen,and the stability limit first increases and then decreases as the mass participation coefficient increases.In most cases,the mass participation coefficient will increase the stability limit of the algorithm,but in specific circumstances,the algorithm may lose its stability.The stability and accuracy of the CDM considering the mass participation coefficient are verified by numerical simulations and experimental tests on a three-story frame structure with a tuned liquid damper.

带有液体粘滞阻尼器的超高层建筑抗风设计及风振响应分析

超高层建筑遮挡物较少,在风荷载作用下,结构顶部强烈的风振加速度会引起人的不适。通过在超高层结构合理布置液体粘滞阻尼器增加结构阻尼比,从而有效控制结构风振响应,达到减振目的。以珠海某超高层工程实例为背景,采用风洞试验计算脉动风荷载时程,在最不利风向角风荷载时程作用下,对比分析了阻尼器不同楼层布置位置、不同平面布置位置、不同阻尼弹簧刚度及不同阻尼参数下的减振效果,选出最合理阻尼器布置方式,结构顶层风振加速度得到有效控制,减振效果明显。

恒裕金融中心项目的风振控制计算分析及现场实测

以深圳恒裕金融中心B塔项目为例,通过对比结构顶点加速度、顶点位移、层间位移角、倾覆力矩的变化及附加阻尼比,验证了液体黏滞阻尼器在超高层建筑抗风中的明显减振效果。本文对目前建筑结构动力参数实测的方法以及测试设备进行了解释,同时,也介绍了对恒裕中心在设置阻尼器前后的结构基频、阻尼比、风振舒适度的现场测试情况。通过测试,验证了设置阻尼器可以有效降低结构在风振下的振动,提高结构的舒适度水平。测试结果受到外部因素影响其准确性虽然不足,但阻尼比和顶层加速度降低的趋势是确定的。这次测试也是世界上首次对设置了液体粘滞阻尼器结构进行的实体建筑的动力参数测试。

附加TLD的中石化巴陵己内酰胺搬迁项目80m自立式不锈钢烟囱风振响应分析

自立式钢烟囱作为典型的高耸结构具有柔度大、阻尼小的特性,易在风荷载以及地震等水平力作用下发生共振进而产生破坏。本文以中石化巴陵石化己内酰胺搬迁项目80m自立式不锈钢烟囱为研究对象,使用附加调谐液体阻尼器(tuned liquid damper,TLD)的方式对其在随机脉动风荷载作用下的水平振动进行控制。利用PKPM和Abaqus有限元软件完成建模并对其进行模态分析,发现钢烟囱水平向的振动以一阶模态为主,并获取结构自振频率、振型有效质量和振型系数等参数。根据《建筑结构风振控制技术标准》设计TLD,通过matlab生成随机脉动风后对附加/不附加TLD的钢烟囱进行时程分析,对比位移响应和加速度响应情况并计算减振率。结果显示:附加TLD后,钢烟囱的峰值位移减振率达到35.38%,均方根位移减振率达到22.55%;峰值加速度减振率达到32.61%,均方根位移减振率达到22.37%,表明TLD能高效减小自立式钢烟囱的风振响应。

考虑桩基础柔性的固定式海上风力机调谐液柱阻尼器振动控制研究

采用线性耦合弹簧模拟风力机桩基础柔性,基于时域整体耦合分析方法,建立考虑桩基础柔性的海上风力机-调谐液柱阻尼器(TLCD)的耦合数值仿真模型,开展风浪联合作用下固定式海上风力机结构振动控制研究,探讨TLCD对于减振效果的影响,并结合频域响应揭示了TLCD的减振机理。研究表明,所设计TLCD通过调谐支撑结构一阶模态有效降低了固定式海上风力机结构自由衰减时程和耦合运动响应。与此同时,验证了不同设计工况下海上风力结构减振效果的差异,以及环境荷载与海上风力结构耦合效应对于TLCD减振效果的影响,进一步,依据海上风力机结构耦合运动响应控制率对TLCD的适用性和有效性进行了评价。

液氧涡轮泵阻尼密封设计与动力学特性研究

为评估进口高预旋对动密封性能的影响,提出了能够同时模拟动密封进口压力场和速度场的“虚拟旁路边界”计算模型和动密封非定常流体激振数值预测方法。针对某型液氧涡轮泵离心叶轮前凸肩动密封,开展了迷宫、蜂窝和孔型阻尼密封方案设计、性能比较和深度变推力发动机涡轮泵密封动力学适应性研究,比较了液氧涡轮泵额定工况下3种动密封方案性能,计算分析了6种发动机推力负荷(10%~100%)、高进口预旋(预旋比为0.77)下孔型阻尼密封的泄漏量和转子动力特性系数。结果表明:在额定工况下,相比于迷宫密封,蜂窝和孔型阻尼密封具有更优的封严性能(泄漏流量分别减小了17.9%和17.5%)和动力学性能(同步频率下有效阻尼分别增大了180%和87%,穿越频率从661 Hz分别减小到了287 Hz和275 Hz);在发动机深度变推力工况下,孔型阻尼密封具有较大的同步频率有效阻尼;受高进口预旋的影响,有效阻尼的穿越频率随推力负荷的增大而显著增大(从50 Hz增大到430 Hz),减小了密封提供正阻尼的抑振频率区间;在大推力工况下,可通过在密封入口设置防旋板等止旋装置减小预旋、提高转子稳定性。

调谐液体阻尼器对多层多模态平台结构的运动控制研究

基于双向流固耦合理论,建立了调谐液体阻尼器(tuned liquid damper,TLD)与多层多模态平台结构的数值模型,系统性研究TLD减振频率和安装高度对多层结构前两阶共振模态的影响,通过数值方法将阻尼力做功定量化,结合晃荡波、平台运动的相位延滞关系,分析TLD对多层多模态平台结构的阻尼特性。研究表明,TLD不同安装位置的控制效果与结构对应模态的最大振型相关,晃荡过程中产生的倍频激励可拓宽TLD的减振频带。此外,保持2%的质量比不变,多TLD联合减振系统对多层结构的减振效果更为稳定,无局部负面激励,两个共振点处的平均减振率均高于其他方案。