Non-volatile dynamically switchable color display via chalcogenide stepwise cavity resonators

High-resolution multi-color printing relies upon pixelated optical nanostructures,which is crucial to promote color display by producing nonbleaching colors,yet requires simplicity in fabrication and dynamic switching.Antimony trisulfide(Sb_(2)S_(3))is a newly rising chalcogenide material that possesses prompt and significant transition of its optical characteristics in the visible region between amorphous and crystalline phases,which holds the key to color-varying devices.Herein,we proposed a dynamically switchable color printing method using Sb_(2)S_(3)-based stepwise pixelated Fabry-Pérot(FP)cavities with various cavity lengths.The device was fabricated by employing a direct laser patterning that is a less timeconsuming,more approachable,and low-cost technique.As switching the state of Sb_(2)S_(3) between amorphous and crystalline,the multi-color of stepwise pixelated FP cavities can be actively changed.The color variation is due to the profound change in the refractive index of Sb_(2)S_(3) over the visible spectrum during its phase transition.Moreover,we directly fabricated sub-50 nm nano-grating on ultrathin Sb_(2)S_(3) laminate via microsphere 800-nm femtosecond laser irradiation in far field.The minimum feature size can be further decreased down to~45 nm(λ/17)by varying the thickness of Sb_(2)S_(3) film.Ultrafast switchable Sb_(2)S_(3) photonic devices can take one step toward the next generation of inkless erasable papers or displays and enable information encryption,camouflaging surfaces,anticounterfeiting,etc.Importantly,our work explores the prospects of rapid and rewritable fabrication of periodic structures with nano-scale resolution and can serve as a guideline for further development of chalcogenide-based photonics components.

VRD方案治疗新发多发性骨髓瘤患者的疗效及对IL-34、CXCL9、FGF-23表达的影响

目的观察硼替佐米+来那度胺+地塞米松方案(VRD方案)治疗新发多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的疗效及对白介素-34(IL-34)、CXC基序趋化因子配体9(CXCL9)、成纤维细胞生长因子-23(FGF-23)表达的影响。方法回顾性选取2020年1月—2023年1月三明市第二医院血液内科收治的新发MM患者84例,将其分为观察组和对照组,每组42例。对照组采用硼替佐米+环磷酰胺+地塞米松方案(VCD方案)治疗,观察组采用VRD方案治疗,2组均以28 d为1个周期,持续治疗6~9个周期。比较2组近期疗效,治疗前后M蛋白、游离轻链、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、β_(2)-微球蛋白(β_(2)-MG)、骨髓浆细胞比例与血清IL-34、CXCL9、FGF-23水平,不良反应。结果观察组客观缓解率为92.86%,高于对照组的71.42%(χ^(2)=6.574,P=0.010);治疗结束后,2组M蛋白、游离轻链、LDH、β_(2)-MG与血清IL-34、CXCL9、FGF-23水平及骨髓浆细胞比例较治疗前均下降,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组不良反应总发生率为9.52%,低于对照组的26.19%(χ^(2)=3.977,P=0.046)。结论相较于VCD方案,VRD方案治疗新发MM患者效果确切,可明显降低MM相关指标与IL-34、CXCL9、FGF-23水平,提高临床疗效,且药物不良反应发生率低。

Atomic layer deposition in advanced display technologies:from photoluminescence to encapsulation

Driven by the growing demand for next-generation displays,the development of advanced luminescent materials with exceptional photoelectric properties is rapidly accelerating,with such materials including quantum dots and phosphors,etc.Nevertheless,the primary challenge preventing the practical application of these luminescent materials lies in meeting the required durability standards.Atomic layer deposition(ALD)has,therefore,been employed to stabilize luminescent materials,and as a result,flexible display devices have been fabricated through material modification,surface and interface engineering,encapsulation,cross-scale manufacturing,and simulations.In addition,the appropriate equipment has been developed for both spatial ALD and fluidized ALD to satisfy the low-cost,high-efficiency,and high-reliability manufacturing requirements.This strategic approach establishes the groundwork for the development of ultra-stable luminescent materials,highly efficient light-emitting diodes(LEDs),and thin-film packaging.Ultimately,this significantly enhances their potential applicability in LED illumination and backlighted displays,marking a notable advancement in the display industry.

Dynamic interactive bitwise meta-holography with ultra-high computational and display frame rates

Interactive holography offers unmatched levels of immersion and user engagement in the field of future display.Despite of the substantial progress has been made in dynamic meta-holography,the realization of real-time,highly smooth interactive holography remains a significant challenge due to the computational and display frame rate limitations.In this study,we introduced a dynamic interactive bitwise meta-holography with ultra-high computational and display frame rates.To our knowledge,this is the first reported practical dynamic interactive metasurface holographic system.We spa-tially divided the metasurface device into multiple distinct channels,each projecting a reconstructed sub-pattern.The switching states of these channels were mapped to bitwise operations on a set of bit values,which avoids complex holo-gram computations,enabling an ultra-high computational frame rate.Our approach achieves a computational frame rate of 800 kHz and a display frame rate of 23 kHz on a low-power Raspberry Pi computational platform.According to this methodology,we demonstrated an interactive dynamic holographic Tetris game system that allows interactive gameplay,color display,and on-the-fly hologram creation.Our technology presents an inspiration for advanced dynamic meta-holography,which is promising for a broad range of applications including advanced human-computer interaction,real-time 3D visualization,and next-generation virtual and augmented reality systems.

Flexible perovskite light-emitting diodes for display applications and beyond

The flexible perovskite light-emitting diodes(FPeLEDs),which can be expediently integrated to portable and wearable devices,have shown great potential in various applications.The FPeLEDs inherit the unique optical properties of metal halide perovskites,such as tunable bandgap,narrow emission linewidth,high photoluminescence quantum yield,and particularly,the soft nature of lattice.At present,substantial efforts have been made for FPeLEDs with encouraging external quantum efficiency(EQE)of 24.5%.Herein,we summarize the recent progress in FPeLEDs,focusing on the strategy developed for perovskite emission layers and flexible electrodes to facilitate the optoelectrical and mechanical performance.In addition,we present relevant applications of FPeLEDs in displays and beyond.Finally,perspective toward the future development and applications of flexible PeLEDs are also discussed.

Time-sequential color code division multiplexing holographic display with metasurface

Color metasurface holograms are powerful and versatile platforms for modulating the amplitude,phase,polarization,and other properties of light at multiple operating wavelengths.However,the current color metasurface holography can only realize static manipulation.In this study,we propose and demonstrate a multiplexing metasurface technique combined with multiwavelength code-division multiplexing(CDM)to realize dynamic manipulation.Multicolor code references are utilized to record information within a single metasurface and increase the information capacity and security for anticracks.A total of 48 monochrome images consisting of pure color characters and multilevel color video frames were reconstructed in dual polarization channels of the birefringent metasurface to exhibit high information density,and a video was displayed via sequential illumination of the corresponding code patterns to verify the ability of dynamic manipulation.Our approach demonstrates significant application potential in optical data storage,optical encryption,multiwavelengthversatile diffractive optical elements,and stimulated emission depletion microscopy.

益肾活血解毒汤联合VRD方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤临床研究

目的:探讨“髓毒”理论指导下益肾活血解毒汤联合VRD方案(硼替佐米+地塞米松+来那度胺)治疗多发性骨髓瘤的有效性及安全性。方法:选择126例多发性骨髓瘤患者,采用随机数字表法,将患者分为研究组与对照组63例。对照组给予标准VRD化疗方案治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合益肾活血解毒汤治疗,比较两组患者总有效率、深度缓解率、治疗前后免疫生化指标[骨髓浆细胞比率、血M蛋白水平、β2微球蛋白(β2-M)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)]、中医证候积分、生活质量卡氏评分及安全性。结果:治疗后,研究组总有效率、深度缓解率明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组浆细胞比率、M蛋白、β2-M及LDH均较治疗前改善,组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组中医证候疗效评分,生活质量卡氏评分治疗后较治疗前明显改善,组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组与对照组比较,不良反应发生率低(P<0.05)。结论:“髓毒”理论指导下益肾活血解毒汤联合VRD方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤,可显著改善患者症状,提高总缓解率,增加缓解深度,降低瘤负荷,减轻化疗不良反应,从而提高患者生活质量,具有良好的扶正、增效、减毒作用。

Metasurfaces for near-eye display applications

Virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)are revolutionizing our lives.Near-eye displays are crucial technologies for VR and AR.Despite the rapid advances in near-eye display technologies,there are still challenges such as large field of view,high resolution,high image quality,natural free 3D effect,and compact form factor.Great efforts have been devoted to striking a balance between visual performance and device compactness.While traditional optics are nearing their limitations in addressing these challenges,ultra-thin metasurface optics,with their high light-modulating capabilities,may present a promising solution.In this review,we first introduce VR and AR near-eye displays,and then briefly explain the working principles of light-modulating metasurfaces,review recent developments in metasurface devices geared toward near-eye display applications,delved into several advanced natural 3D near-eye display technologies based on metasurfaces,and finally discuss about the remaining challenges and future perspectives associated with metasurfaces for near-eye display applications.

Humanoid Intelligent Display Platform for Audiovisual Interaction and Sound Identification

This study proposes a rational strategy for the design,fabrication and system integration of the humanoid intelligent display platform(HIDP)to meet the requirements of highly humanized mechanical properties and intelligence for human-machine interfaces.The platform’s sandwich structure comprises a middle lightemitting layer and surface electrodes,which consists of silicon elastomer embedded with phosphor and silk fibroin ionoelastomer,respectively.Both materials are highly stretchable and resilient,endowing the HIDP with skin-like mechanical properties and applicability in various extreme environments and complex mechanical stimulations.Furthermore,by establishing the numerical correlation between the amplitude change of animal sounds and the brightness variation,the HIDP realizes audiovisual interaction and successful identification of animal species with the aid of Internet of Things(IoT)and machine learning techniques.The accuracy of species identification reaches about 100%for 200 rounds of random testing.Additionally,the HIDP can recognize animal species and their corresponding frequencies by analyzing sound characteristics,displaying real-time results with an accuracy of approximately 99%and 93%,respectively.In sum,this study offers a rational route to designing intelligent display devices for audiovisual interaction,which can expedite the application of smart display devices in human-machine interaction,soft robotics,wearable sound-vision system and medical devices for hearing-impaired patients.

Integral imaging-based tabletop light field 3D display with large viewing angle

Light field 3D display technology is considered a revolutionary technology to address the critical visual fatigue issues in the existing 3D displays.Tabletop light field 3D display provides a brand-new display form that satisfies multi-user shared viewing and collaborative works,and it is poised to become a potential alternative to the traditional wall and portable display forms.However,a large radial viewing angle and correct radial perspective and parallax are still out of reach for most current tabletop light field 3D displays due to the limited amount of spatial information.To address the viewing angle and perspective issues,a novel integral imaging-based tabletop light field 3D display with a simple flat-panel structure is proposed and developed by applying a compound lens array,two spliced 8K liquid crystal display panels,and a light shaping diffuser screen.The compound lens array is designed to be composed of multiple three-piece compound lens units by employing a reverse design scheme,which greatly extends the radial viewing angle in the case of a limited amount of spatial information and balances other important 3D display parameters.The proposed display has a radial viewing angle of 68.7°in a large display size of 43.5 inches,which is larger than the conventional tabletop light field 3D displays.The radial perspective and parallax are correct,and high-resolution 3D images can be reproduced in large radial viewing positions.We envision that this proposed display opens up possibility for redefining the display forms of consumer electronics.

Laser patterning of large-scale perovskite single-crystal-based arrays for single-mode laser displays

Lead halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as potential candidates for high-performance nano/microlasers,owing to their outstanding optical properties.However,the further development of perovskite microlaser arrays(especially based on polycrystalline thin films)produced by the conventional processing techniques is hindered by the chemical instability and surface roughness of the perovskite structures.Herein,we demonstrate a laser patterning of large-scale,highly crystalline perovskite single-crystal films to fabricate reproducible perovskite single-crystal-based microlaser arrays.Perovskite thin films were directly ablated by femtosecond-laser in multiple low-power cycles at a minimum machining line width of approximately 300 nm to realize high-precision,chemically clean,and repeatable fabrication of microdisk arrays.The surface impurities generated during the process can be washed away to avoid external optical loss due to the robustness of the single-crystal film.Moreover,the high-quality,large-sized perovskite single-crystal films can significantly improve the quality of microcavities,thereby realizing a perovskite microdisk laser with narrow linewidth(0.09 nm)and low threshold(5.1µJ/cm2).Benefiting from the novel laser patterning method and the large-sized perovskite single-crystal films,a high power and high color purity laser display with single-mode microlasers as pixels was successfully fabricated.Thus,this study may offer a potential platform for mass-scale and reproducible fabrication of microlaser arrays,and further facilitate the development of highly integrated applications based on perovskite materials.

Recent progress in microbial cell surface display systems and their application on biosensors

Microbial cell surface display technology is a recombinant technology to express target proteins on the cell membrane,which can be used to redesign the cell surface with functional proteins and peptides.Bacterial and yeast surface display systems are the most common cell surface display systems of prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins,that are widely applied as the core elements in the field of biosensors due to their advantages,including enhanced stability,high yield,good safety,expression of larger and more complex proteins.To further promote the performance of biosensors,the biomineralized microbial surface display technology was proposed.This review summarized the different microbial surface display systems and the biomineralized surface display systems,where the mechanisms of surface display and biomineralization were introduced.Then we described the recent progress of their applications on biosensors for different types of detection targets.Finally,the outlooks and tendencies were discussed and forecasted with the expectation to provide some general functions and enlightenments to this aspect of research.

Accuracy of Mean Value of Central Venous Pressure from Monitor Digital Display: Influence of Amplitude of Central Venous Pressure during Respiration

Background A simple measurement of central venous pressure(CVP)-mean by the digital monitor display has become increasingly popular.However,the agreement between CVP-mean and CVP-end(a standard method of CVP measurement by analyzing the waveform at end-expiration)is not well determined.This study was designed to identify the relationship between CVP-mean and CVP-end in critically ill patients and to introduce a new parameter of CVP amplitude(ΔCVP=CVPmax-CVPmin)during the respiratory period to identify the agreement/disagreement between CVP-mean and CVP-end.Methods In total,291 patients were included in the study.CVP-mean and CVP-end were obtained simultaneously from each patient.CVP measurement difference(|CVP-mean-CVP-end|)was defined as the difference between CVP-mean and CVP-end.TheΔCVP was calculated as the difference between the peak(CVPmax)and the nadir value(CVPmin)during the respiratory cycle,which was automatically recorded on the monitor screen.Subjects with|CVP-mean-CVP-end|≥2 mm Hg were divided into the inconsistent group,while subjects with|CVP-mean-CVP-end|2 mm Hg were divided into the consistent group.ResultsΔCVP was significantly higher in the inconsistent group[7.17(2.77)vs.5.24(2.18),P0.001]than that in the consistent group.There was a significantly positive relationship betweenΔCVP and|CVP-mean-CVP-end|(r=0.283,P 0.0001).Bland-Altman plot showed the bias was-0.61 mm Hg with a wide 95%limit of agreement(-3.34,2.10)of CVP-end and CVP-mean.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves(AUC)ofΔCVP for predicting|CVP-mean-CVP-end|≥2 mm Hg was 0.709.With a high diagnostic specificity,usingΔCVP3 to detect|CVP-mean-CVP-end|lower than 2mm Hg(consistent measurement)resulted in a sensitivity of 22.37%and a specificity of 93.06%.UsingΔCVP8 to detect|CVP-mean-CVPend|8 mm Hg(inconsistent measurement)resulted in a sensitivity of 31.94%and a specificity of 91.32%.Conclusions CVP-end and CVP-mean have statistical discrepancies in specific clinical scenarios.ΔCVP during the respiratory period is related to the variation of the two CVP methods.A highΔCVP indicates a poor agreement between these two methods,whereas a lowΔCVP indicates a good agreement between these two methods.

Fast and Stable Zinc Anode‑Based Electrochromic Displays Enabled by Bimetallically Doped Vanadate and Aqueous Zn^(2+)/Na^(+)Hybrid Electrolytes

Vanadates are a class of the most promising electrochromic materials for displays as their multicolor characteristics.However,the slow switching times and vanadate dissolution issues of recently reported vanadates significantly hinder their diverse practical applications.Herein,novel strategies are developed to design electrochemically stable vanadates having rapid switching times.We show that the interlayer spacing is greatly broadened by introducing sodium and lanthanum ions into V_(3)O_(8)interlayers,which facilitates the transportation of cations and enhances the electrochemical kinetics.In addition,a hybrid Zn^(2+)/Na^(+)electrolyte is designed to inhibit vanadate dissolution while significantly accelerating electrochemical kinetics.As a result,our electrochromic displays yield the most rapid switching times in comparison with any reported Zn-vanadate electrochromic displays.It is envisioned that stable vanadate-based electrochromic displays having video speed switching are appearing on the near horizon.

Identification and epitope mapping of anti-p72 single-chain antibody against African swine fever virus based on phage display antibody library

African swine fever virus(ASFV)is a lethal pathogen that causes severe threats to the global swine industry and it has already had catastrophic socio-economic effects.To date,no licensed prophylactic vaccine exists.Limited knowledge exists about the major immunogens of ASFV and the epitope mapping of the key antigens.As such,there is a considerable requirement to understand the functional monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)and the epitope mapping may be of utmost importance in our understanding of immune responses and designing improved vaccines,therapeutics,and diagnostics.In this study,we generated an ASFV antibody phage-display library from ASFV convalescent swine PBMCs,further screened a specific ASFV major capsid protein(p72)single-chain antibody and fused with an IgG Fc fragment(scFv-83-Fc),which is a specific recognition antibody against ASFV Pig/HLJ/2018 strain.Using the scFv-83-Fc mAb,we selected a conserved epitope peptide(221MTGYKH226)of p72 retrieved from a phage-displayed random peptide library.Moreover,flow cytometry and cell uptake experiments demonstrated that the epitope peptide can significantly promote BMDCs maturation in vitro and could be effectively uptaken by DCs,which indicated its potential application in vaccine and diagnostic reagent development.Overall,this study provided a valuable platform for identifying targets for ASFV vaccine development,as well as to facilitate the optimization design of subunit vaccine and diagnostic reagents.

Design Strategy of Digital Display Based on the Concept of Service Design

Based on the analysis of the concept,core,research content and method of service design,this paper explains the necessity of service design to participate in digital display,and further discusses how service design integrates with digital display,how to redesign the digital display system under the intervention of service design,and how to integrate user needs into it at all times.Finally,the design strategy of digital display under the concept of service design is proposed.

An Investigation of the Effects of Thermal Interference between Adjacent Nitinol Spring Actuators in a Tactile Display

Over the years, there has been increased research interest in the application of Nitinol as an actuator, due to its shape memory behaviour, simplicity, high power-to-weight ratio, compactness, and extreme high fatigue resistance to cyclic motion, and noiseless operation. Nitinol has found application in tactile displays which reproduce tactile parameters such as texture and shape, depending on the application. This paper presents the effects of thermal interference between adjacent Nitinol spring actuators in a tactile display. The tactile display is made of a 3 by 3 pin array whose spatial resolution was varied from 4 mm to 6 mm in steps of 1 mm while a current of 1.5 A was used to actuate 8 of the springs, and the centre spring was left unactivated to observe the thermal effects on it due to the heat gradient formed. A Finite Element (FE) model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics and the results were further verified through experimentation. In both cases, there was visible thermal interference between actuators. The increase in spatial resolution saw a decrease in thermal interference by 12.7%. Using a fan to introduce forced convection, reduced the thermal interference in the simulation by 20% and during experimentation by 11%. The results of this research indicate a spatial resolution of 6 mm reduced the thermal inference to a negligible rate. However, thermal interference could not be eliminated with these two methods.

知识引导的视觉关系检测模型

视觉关系检测(VRD)任务是在目标识别的基础上,进一步检测目标对象之间的关系,属于视觉理解和推理的关键技术。由于对象之间交互组合,容易造成对象间关系组合爆炸的问题,从而产生很多关联性较弱的实体对,导致后续的关系检测召回率较低。针对上述问题,提出知识引导的视觉关系检测模型。首先构建视觉知识,对常见的视觉关系检测数据集中的实体标签和关系标签进行数据分析与统计,得到实体和关系间交互共现频率作为视觉知识;然后利用所构建的视觉知识,优化实体对的组合流程,降低关联性较弱的实体对得分,提升关联性较强的实体对得分,进而按照实体对的得分排序并删除得分较低的实体对,对于实体之间的关系也同样采用知识引导的方式优化关系得分,从而提升模型的召回率。在公开数据集视觉基因库(VG)和VRD中验证所提模型的效果:在谓词分类任务中,与现有模型PE-Net(Prototype-based Embedding Network)相比,在VG数据集上,召回率Recall@50和Recall@100分别提高了1.84和1.14个百分点;在VRD数据集上,相较于Coacher,Recall@20、Recall@50和Recall@100分别提高了0.22、0.32和0.31个百分点。

影响渣油加氢装置能耗的因素及节能优化措施

介绍了某公司2.6 Mt/a渣油加氢装置主要能耗指标,分析影响渣油加氢装置能耗的主要因素,结合装置运行情况,提出降低装置能耗的节能优化措施。

镇痛活性肽VRD突变体(S54A)的构建与表达以及对活性的影响

目的研究54位丝氨酸对镇痛活性肽(analgesic peptide,AGP)VRD生物活性的影响。方法利用一步聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR),用Ala替代镇痛活性肽VRD第54位的Ser,从而构建突变体S54A。采用本实验室构建的pSYPU作为表达载体在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达重组蛋白。通过金属离子螯合亲和柱色谱和阳离子交换柱色谱方法对重组蛋白进行分离纯化。小鼠扭体法测定重组蛋白的镇痛活性。结果重组蛋白主要以可溶性形式存在,通过两步色谱方法获得了电泳纯样品。突变体S54A的镇痛活性明显低于AGP-VRD(P<0.05)。结论镇痛活性肽VRD中54位丝氨酸与其镇痛活性密切相关。