Production Practice of Solid Waste Desulfurizer Disposal in European Metallurgical Furnace

In order to realize the OY Smelting Furnace disposal of solid waste,municipal waste,form a model of steel enterprises and urban integration,through the production practice of smelting furnace,analyzes the mechanism of solid waste disposal,and proposed the disposal of solid waste desulfurization agent and disposal method:According to the theory to guide the actual production process,the test ton of iron with 10-15kg of desulfurizer in the production process does not affect the quality of molten iron and slag quality.

Current Situation Analysis and Suggestions for Solid Waste Management Practices among Households in Freetown

Freetown which is the capital city of Sierra Leone is facing challenges with population growth, urbanization, and industrialization, leading to an increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. The study aims to evaluate MSW generation, composition, and disposal methods, as well as the impact of collection fees, policy implementation, and women’s participation in municipal solid waste management (MSWM). The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection and analysis. The study administered 393 structured questionnaires in three selected sections to collect data on variables such as family size, education, level of knowledge, etc. The study used door-to-door data collection to determine the rate of solid waste generation, composition, and disposal in 66 households from two of the selected sections and 34 households from the other section to evaluate the current situation of MSWM practices among households in Freetown. The study used a descriptive statistic to analyze the data collected using Origin-Pro9 and MS Excel software. The findings showed that with a 4.2% urban growth rate, Freetown had a population of 1,467,543 in 2023, generating 851 tons of MSW per day, with organic waste accounting for 78% of the total MSW generated. Plastic waste generation also increased from 7.6% in 2020 to 13% in 2023. The study emphasizes the need to sustain the MSWM system by prioritizing solid waste collection fees, policy enforcement, and women’s participation in the MSWM sector. It further suggests and provides recommendations for developing an efficient and sustainable MSWM system in Sierra Leone, including knowledge transfer from countries like China and the US.

Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Waste Disposal in Developing Cities: A Case Study of Granville Brook Dumpsite, Freetown, Sierra Leone

Indiscriminate disposal of solid waste in dumpsites located within urban areas has proved to be a problem to nearby residents in most developing cities of the world, Freetown is no exception. Open dumps have environmental safeguards;they can pose major public health threats and environmental effects in urban cities. Therefore, this paper presents the findings of a research carried out in Freetown municipal area in Sierra Leone to determine the environmental and health impacts of solid waste disposal at Granville Brook dumpsite on the surrounding human settlements. Data were collected from three hundred and ninety eight nearby dumpsite household residents (less than fifty metres) and two hundred and thirty three far away household residents (more than fifty metres) through the use of structured self-administered questionnaires. Interviews and personal observations were also used to collect some of the data. Descriptive statistics involving tables, graphs and figures were used to present and analyze the data. Results show that both nearby residents and far away residents suffered from related diseases such as malaria, chest pains, diarrhea and cholera, due to the location of the dumpsite closer to their settlements. As a result, this study highlights the need for the Freetown City Council to properly manage and relocate the dumpsite to a safe distance from all human settlements, and provide resettlement and environmental education programmes for all persons living less than fifty metres away from the dumpsite as interim measures.

The Legal Framework for Solid Waste Disposal and Management in Kwara State, Nigeria

Solid waste such as “garbage” “trash” “refuse” “slug” and “rubbish” is disposed off or is required to be disposed off in accordance with national law. The study relies on primary and secondary sources of information. The primary sources include the Constitution, statutes and subsidiary legislation. The secondary sources of information include books, journals, conference proceedings, newspapers, magazines and internet materials. The information obtained from these sources is subjected to content and contextual analysis. The study examines the Kwara State Environmental Protection Agency Law, 1992 and other laws on waste disposal and management in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study also examines the regulations and the agency i.e. the Kwara State Environmental Protection Agency created by the law with a view to determine the inadequacies in the law.

An Appraisal of Spatial Distribution of Solid Waste Disposal Sites in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

This paper describes a research project that has been conducted as part of the Kano Municipal waste management strategy. The aim is to quantify and to identify the existing locations of waste disposal sites by mapping their spatial distribution within the metropolitan Kano. QUICKBIRD satellite imageries;locations of existing waste disposal sites collected using Global Positioning System (GPS);and topographical map (1:5000 scale) of Kano metropolis were used to generate data for the study. The data were prepared and analysed using ArcMap 10.2.1 and Erdas Imagine 11 software to produce the spatial distribution maps for solid waste disposal sites within the metropolis. The result shows that out of the 300 existing waste disposal sites assessed, the city has fairly well-distributed waste disposal sites. Conversely, the disposal sites are more clustered in the centre of the metropolis than the outskirts. However, about 80 percent of the sites are either located very close to roads, settlements or water bodies. Also, while about 92 percent of the existing waste disposal locations are open space, only about 7 percent are containers (closed dumping sites). Correspondingly, about 89 percent are authorised dumping sites and only about 11 percent are unauthorised illegal. The study recommends that policymakers should intervene and relocate the existing unauthorized dump sites to more suitable areas.

Microstructure and Properties of Silty Siliceous Crushed Stone-lime Aerated Concrete

The clayish crushed stone was used for making aerated concrete. Through studying hydro-thermal synthesis reaction, mix ratio, gas-forming and performance analysis, Grade-B05 and Grade-B06 aerated concrete were prepared successfully. The proper mix ratio and key processing parameters were achieved. The microstructure of aerated concrete with crush stone was analyzed by means of XRD and SEM. The experimental results indicate that the hydration products are poorly crystalline C- S- H （ B ）, tobermorite and hydrogarnet. No componeat of clay was found. Unreacted SiO2 cart be in existence, and the structure system of aerated concrete is homogencous and dense.

Present Status of Solid Waste Management at Babylon Governorate, Iraq

Babylon Governorate covers an area of 5315 km2 with a population that reaches about 1,974,490 inhabitants in the central part of Iraq. Iraq produced 31,000 tons/day solid waste in 2013. The Governorate of Babylon produces annual 483,221 tons of solid waste. Management of collection and disposal of waste in Babylon Governorate is done through open dumping of waste and poor collection process. These sites do not conform to the scientific and environmental criteria applied in the selection of landfill sites. To find out how much solid waste is expected in the future, two methods were used to calculate the population growth in Babylon Governorate to the year 2030. The results showed that the total waste in 2030 will be 761,104 tons and 943055 tons while the cumulated quantity of solid waste expected till 2030 was 12,494,521 tons and 14,095,437 tons according to the first and second methods respectively.

Correction of Acidity of a Brazilian Cerrado Oxisol with Limestone and Wood Ash on the Initial Growth of Cowpea

Among Brazilian soils orders, there are some of it classified as acid soils, which need correction to guarantee crop productivity. Currently, limestone is the most used soil corrective and wood ash has been a sustainable alternative to this process. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of two correctives of soil acidity on an Oxisol collected in the Brazilian Cerrado area using limestone and wood ash and the effect of soil correction on initial growth of cowpea. Two greenhouse experiments were carried out: 1) with limestone, using base saturation levels (V%) of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80;and 2) wood ash, with doses of 0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 g⋅dm−3, both in five randomized blocks. At 40 days after sowing, it was verified that pH values were within the range considered ideal for soil (pH of 5 to 7), according to the increase of base saturation levels and wood ash doses, but limestone provided faster results. Initial growth of cowpea was positively influenced by soil correction with use of both correctives. Wood ash and limestone increased soil pH to adequate values and resulted in better initial crop development.

Methods of Domestic Solid Waste Management in Hohoe Urban in the Volta Region

Solid waste management has become the greatest public health problem facing many urban and semi-urban areas in Ghana. Great wealth can be generated from wastes if managed effectively but also has high probability of causing serious health and environmental problems if not effectively managed. The study sought to determine factors militating against domestic solid waste management in Hohoe, possible ways of curbing them and also to assess the methods of domestic solid waste management. This study used descriptive cross-sectional survey and structured questionnaire to obtain the required information from respondents. A total number of 403 respondents were recruited into the study. The data collected were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. The relationships between socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and their use or non-use of apt domestic solid waste disposal methods were examined using chi-square analysis. The study found that 44% of respondents disposed domestic waste into central skip over dustbins. Spilled over of skip over dustbin has caused 8% of respondents to practice open burning. 7% dumped on undeveloped building plots, 5% dumped elsewhere, and 3% dumped into the river course. About 78% of respondents reported that mobilization of cleanups was irregular. The result from the study also showed a statistical significant association between practice of domestic solid waste management and religion [χ2 (2, 403) = 60.9484, p α = 5%]. About 96% of Christians practiced good methods of domestic solid waste management compared to 4% of Muslims. The findings painted a gloomy picture of poor domestic solid waste management practice among the respondents in the study communities.

Municipal Solid Waste in Turkey and Its Relationship with the Population

The population of Turkey has increased rapidly in parallel with the risein technology and industrialization. The increasing population of thecountry has triggered urbanization, and environmental problems havedrawn attention. One of the issues resulting from urbanization is municipalsolid waste (MSW). Every object we use in our daily life is transformedinto solid waste when its economic life has ended. The processes fromthe storage of these wastes to their disposal, often referred to as MSWmanagement, come under the municipalities' authority and responsibility.MSW must be processed with the most negligible environmental impact.This study aimed to investigate MSW management systems in Turkey,including the quantity, composition, and disposal methods of MSWgenerated and populations served by MSW, MSW per capita per day.Results from the study showed that the mean MSW generated in Turkeywas 26.74 Mton/yr and increased in the following order by region;EasternAnatolia < South East Anatolia < Black Sea < Mediterranean < Aegean< Central Anatolia < Marmara. This order/ranking was in line with theregions' population. The population explained 84 to 95% of the variation inMSW. Results from the study could be used in MSW management.

碳达峰碳中和目标下固体废物治理的法律因应

我国在联合国大会上提出了“2030年碳达峰2060年碳中和”的目标。为达成此目标,固体废物治理领域也需要积极作出响应。固体废物治理体系的核心是固体废物的处置。不同的固体废物处置方式有着不同的碳排放结果,填埋或焚烧方式处置所排放的温室气体量都远大于循环利用的方式。应以固体废物领域碳排放统一核算制度为基石,从推进政策实施和立法修改等的多个层面上去因应。立法面向上,《固体废物污染环境防治法》《清洁生产促进法》《循环经济促进法》乃至编纂中的“环境法典”都应当围绕减碳模式的固体废物处置方式改进和制定相关法律规范;制度建设面向上,以固体废物碳排放强制核算法律制度建设为主,通过碳排放强制核算制度规范相关主体及其权利义务关系并深度挖掘固体废物处置的碳减排潜力。

建筑物下特厚煤层镁渣基全固废连采连充开采技术与实践

我国建筑物下压煤量巨大,同时煤矸石、粉煤灰等煤基工业固体废弃物排放量日益增加,严重制约地方经济社会发展。以榆林麻黄梁煤矿为试验矿井,针对其特厚煤层、建筑物下压煤、充填成本高等问题,提出了特厚煤层全固废连采连充开采技术。采用四阶段工序并将特厚煤层分为上、下2部分二次回采压覆煤炭,最大程度控制地面沉降。为降低充填原材料成本,采用化学优化剂对镁渣进行源头改性,抑制镁渣冷却粉化,稳定水化活性,协同粉煤灰、脱硫石膏等煤基固废,研发了改性镁−煤渣基胶凝材料。采用改性镁−煤渣基胶凝材料胶结煤矸石、粉煤灰制备了全固废充填材料。针对麻黄梁煤矿四阶段强、弱充填强度要求,设计不同配比的改性镁渣基充填材料试验,优选配比并应用于井下充填。论述了膏体充填系统与充填接顶方法。麻黄梁煤矿全固废胶结充填工艺试验显示,井下28 d龄期充填体钻芯平均单轴抗压强度超设计强度27%,钻芯浸出毒性满足相关国家标准要求,成功回收了建筑物下压覆煤炭资源,社会经济效益显著。麻黄梁煤矿特厚煤层全固废胶结充填开采实践为国内类似矿井提供了有益借鉴,同时为我国大型煤炭基地的“煤−电−化−冶”固废大规模资源化利用提供了新的思路。

人工技术土壤研究进展与展望

城市绿色基础设施可以解决由城市化引发的诸多环境问题,但城市绿色基础设施建设所需要的大量土壤资源却很匮乏。人工技术土壤(ConstructedTechnosols,CT)是利用有机和无机固体废弃物创造的用于种植植物的新土壤,可通过调整组成材料和配方满足不同的植被类型、土地用途和立地条件等要求,最终回归城市,用于绿色基础设施建设。CT可同时缓解大量城市固废的处置难题和解决城市绿色基础设施建设的土壤缺乏问题,具有低碳、低成本、低影响的特点,还可产生经济效益。本文主要从CT对植物生长、碳捕获、生物多样性保护、径流污染物滤除方面的作用和人为生物调控方面介绍了CT的研究现状及在我国的应用潜力,并对CT的研究发展进行了展望,提出了一些CT研究中需要解决的问题与建议。旨在推动城市固体废物资源化综合利用和绿色基础设施低碳发展,增加城市碳固存,改善城市地区生态环境和增进人民健康福祉。

分类收集对我国城市生活垃圾处理处置的影响探析

城市生活垃圾分类收集是实现生活垃圾高效资源化和无害化处理的必然途径。垃圾分类制度的正式实行,使城市生活垃圾收运模式得到了优化,节约了填埋场库容,降低了填埋场失稳风险和焚烧烟气中的重金属含量。我国于2019年在全国范围内实施生活垃圾分类制度,全面推进了城市生活垃圾分类收集工作。分类收集对我国城市生活垃圾处理处置所产生的影响引起了业界广泛关注。通过文献调研,总结和分析了我国城市生活垃圾分类收集的现状及分类收集对生活垃圾不同处理处置方式的影响研究现状及进展,以期为我国更好地规划和管理生活垃圾处理处置及相关研究提供参考。

磁性煤气化渣的制备及吸附特性研究

以固体废弃物煤气化渣为原料,采用酸浸与化学共沉淀法制备磁性煤气化渣(MCGS),并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对制备的MCGS进行了表征。研究结果表明:MCGS呈现出粗糙、多孔的结构,而且其表面与孔道中负载了分布较为均匀的、具有反尖晶石结构的Fe3O4粒子。进而以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标污染物,对其吸附性能进行了研究,当溶液pH为3.0,吸附时间为200 min, RhB初始质量浓度为200 mg/L,MCGS用量为2.0 g/L时,RhB的去除率为90.66%,吸附容量为90.66 mg/g。吸附等温线与吸附动力学研究结果表明:MCGS对RhB的吸附动力学与准二级动力学模型相吻合,吸附等温线与Langmuir相一致,说明该过程是一个单分子层吸附、以化学吸附为主的过程。该研究为煤气化渣的资源化利用提供了新的技术与方法。

基于某矿山固废处置的水泥和胶固粉选择初探

本文以某矿固废处置及露天坑回填综合治理为背景,由于该矿全尾砂为细粒级尾砂且尾砂内含有对充填体强度具有负面作用的硫及黏土类矿物,为了选择更适合该矿全尾砂的胶凝材料,选用水泥和胶固粉两种胶凝材料对充填料浆性能进行试验研究。研究结果表明:虽然泌水沉缩特性方面水泥胶结充填体较胶固粉更优,但在充填体强度及流动性两个关键性指标方面,胶固粉性能较水泥更优且成本更低,说明胶固粉更加适用于该矿固废处置及回填治理;通过敏感性分析可知,胶固粉胶结充填体强度对灰砂比最为敏感,其次为养护龄期,最后为料浆浓度。

利用燃煤电厂锅炉进行水处理固废处置应用

对企业生产过程中产生的废弃物进行无害化处置或资源化利用是大型钢铁企业处置危废、固废的发展趋势。通过对马钢公司利用自备电厂燃煤锅炉处置固废案例的研究,验证大型冶金企业利用燃煤电厂锅炉进行固废处置具有十分明显的经济效益和环境效益。

综采抛矸充填技术原理及抛沙试验研究

目前矿山面临地表沉陷控制及固废处置难题,提出了一种“以抛代夯”的综采抛矸充填技术,基于抛矸充填技术原理,构建了抛矸运动数学模型,得到了抛矸充填基本参数。在此基础上,搭建了抛矸充填模拟平台进行现场抛沙实验,研究并分析了综采抛矸充填技术的可行性及参数的合理性。研究结果表明:(1)抛矸过程各参数实际测量值及变化规律与理论值较为接近,可以通过理论来指导现场设计;(2)当抛射倾角为50°,抛矸速度大于8 m/s时即可满足抛矸充填需求;(3)采用抛矸充填整体充填率可达95%以上,且矸石堆积角大小较自然堆积有明显提升,充填效果良好。

中国稀土废渣时空分布与区域处置策略研究

稀土资源开发利用过程产生的部分废渣属于伴生放射性固体废物,安全、有效处置该类废渣是当前稀土行业发展亟待解决的问题。采用调研分析方法,按照稀土类型及来源,对稀土采选过程产生废渣的种类、产率、产量和放射性核素活度水平分别进行了统计,结合稀土行业发展规划,初步估算了典型省(自治区)的稀土废渣存量和增量;梳理了当前稀土伴生放射性废渣处理处置现状及存在的问题,提出了区域填埋处置策略;建议全国实行7+x形式,参照内蒙古自治区包头市的处置形式,建设稀土废渣库,集中收集处置本省(自治区)的稀土伴生放射性废渣。基于废渣存量及增量估算,本研究给出了各省(自治区)稀土废渣处置规模建议。