The Dissemination, Acceptance and Evolution of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms in Japan

As one of the Four Great Masterpieces of China,The Romance of the Three Kingdoms has become a landmark of ancient Chinese literature with vivid and profound character images,ups and downs of politics and war descriptions,and appealing historical plots.After being introduced to Japan in the second half of the 17th century,it was spread in Japanese society and was accepted for literary value,social needs and other reasons,then a series of evolutions were produced by combining with local culture,eventually becoming a national culture in Japan.This paper selects the most popular text of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms with 24 chapters and 120 verses in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty,and the Japanese translation of The Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms published by Hunan Wenshan in 1689 as the objects,guided by Ralph Linton’s“Manifestation,Selection,Integration”cultural communication research method,to analyze the dissemination,acceptance and evolution of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms in 17-20 centuries’Japan,which started from the field of literature,then combined with various cultural forms and spread to the civic class,and finally entered politics area and produced a series of evolutions under the influence of Japanese values to become the representative culture of Japan.This paper suggests that in today’s world of frequent cultural exchanges,China should,based on strengthening cultural self-confidence,actively and appropriately select and accept foreign cultures with the attitude of prioritizing our own culture and utilizing foreign culture for our own purposes.The research outcome can provide experience for the current Chinese culture to go to the world with high quality.

SDN-Enabled Content Dissemination Scheme for the Internet of Vehicles

The content-centric networking(CCN)architecture allows access to the content through name,instead of the physical location where the content is stored,which makes it a more robust and flexible content-based architecture.Nevertheless,in CCN,the broadcast nature of vehicles on the Internet of Vehicles(IoV)results in latency and network congestion.The IoVbased content distribution is an emerging concept in which all the vehicles are connected via the internet.Due to the high mobility of vehicles,however,IoV applications have different network requirements that differ from those of many other networks,posing new challenges.Considering this,a novel strategy mediator framework is presented in this paper for managing the network resources efficiently.Software-defined network(SDN)controller is deployed for improving the routing flexibility and facilitating in the interinteroperability of heterogeneous devices within the network.Due to the limited memory of edge devices,the delectable bloom filters are used for caching and storage.Finally,the proposed scheme is compared with the existing variants for validating its effectiveness.

Oral Literature:The Translation and Dissemination of Mulian Baojuan in the English World

Mulian baojuan,originating from the Sūtra of Ullambana,tells the story of Mulian rescuing his mother from hell.Rostislav Berezkin,David Johnson,and Wilt L.Idema have studied and introduced it.This paper mainly discusses the translation and dissemination of baojuan to sort out and verify its spread in the English world.The translation and dissemination of baojuan have shifted towards its performances,illustrations,and social functions.The study of baojuan has presented a new development trend by breaking the restrictions of the genre of text and through dynamic interactions with novels,dramas,and other forms of literature.

The Dissemination of Intangible Cultural Heritage Along Beijing-Hangzhou Canal Based on Encoding/Decoding Theory

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal carries a wealth of Chinese cultural symbols,showing the lifestyle and wisdom of working people through ages.The preservation and inheritance of its intangible cultural heritage can help to evoke cultural memories and cultural identification of the Canal and build cultural confidence.This paper applies Stuart Hall’s encoding/decoding theory to analyze the dissemination of intangible heritage tourism culture.On the basis of a practical study of the villages along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,this paper analyses the problems in the transmission of its intangible cultural heritage and proposes specific methods to solve them in four processes,encoding,decoding,communication,and secondary encoding,in order to propose references for the transmission of intangible heritage culture at home and abroad.

English Translation of Chinese Traditional Cultural Vocabulary Under the Context of Cultural Dissemination

The influence of Chinese culture in English-speaking countries is still not as significant as that of Japan and other East Asian countries.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the English translation of vocabulary with Chinese elements.Based on the main purpose of cultural dissemination,this article briefly classifies vocabulary with Chinese elements,explores translation strategies for Chinese traditional cultural vocabulary,and summarizes the actual cultural propaganda effects.The article also provides insights and suggestions for subsequent strategy applications.

International Dissemination of TCM Culture under the "Belt and Road" Initiative: Opportunities and Challenges

The international dissemination of TCM culture, as a carrier of the implementation of the"Belt and Road"Initiative, is being endowed with greater importance. However, the spread of TCM culture into the world faces opportunities as well as challenges. To better serve the"Belt and Road"Initiative, measures should be taken to strengthen TCM communication and cooperation in different aspects and build a sound intellectual property protection system.

Molecular mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer

Peritoneal dissemination represents a devastating form of gastric cancer(GC) progression with a dismal prognosis. There is no effective therapy for this condition. The 5-year survival rate of patients with peritoneal dissemination is 2%, even including patients with only microscopic free cancer cells without macroscopic peritoneal nodules. The mechanism of peritoneal dissemination of GC involves several steps: detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor, survival in the free abdominal cavity, attachment to the distant peritoneum, invasion into the subperitoneal space and proliferation with angiogenesis. These steps are not mutually exclusive, and combinations of different molecular mechanisms can occur in each process of peritoneal dissemination. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular events involved in peritoneal dissemination is important and should be systematically pursued. It is crucial to identify novel strategies for the prevention of this condition and for identification of markers of prognosis and the development of molecular-targeted therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of recently published articles addressing the molecular mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination of GC to provide an update on what is currently known in this field and to propose novel promising candidates for use in diagnosis and as therapeutic targets.

Prognostic nutritional index is an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination

Objective： The predictive and prognostic role of prognostic nutritional index（PNI） in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination remains unclear. This study aims to explore the role of the PNI in predicting outcomes of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination.Methods： A total of 660 patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma with peritoneal metastasis between January 2000 and April 2014 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yatsen University were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with peritoneal dissemination were analyzed.Results： Compared with PNI-high group, PNI-low group was correlated with advanced age（P=0.036）, worse performance status（P0.001）, higher frequency of ascites（P0.001） and higher frequency of multisite distant metastasis（P0.001）. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that PNI-high group had a significantly longer median overall survival than PNI-low group（13.13 vs. 9.03 months, P0.001）. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that Borrmann type IV（P=0.014）, presence of ascites（P=0.017） and lower PNI（P=0.041） were independent poor prognostic factors, and palliative surgery（P0.001） and first-line chemotherapy（P0.001） were good prognostic factors. For patients receiving palliative surgery, the postoperative morbidity rates in the PNI-low group and PNIhigh group were 9.1% and 9.9%, respectively（P=0.797）. The postoperative mortality rate was not significantly different between PNI-low and PNI-high groups（2.3% vs. 0.9%, P=0.362）.Conclusions： PNI is a useful and practical tool for evaluating the nutritional status of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination, and is an independent prognostic factor for these patients.

Use of high-resolution X-ray computed tomography and 3D image analysis to quantify mineral dissemination and pore space in oxide copper ore particles

Mineral dissemination and pore space distribution in ore particles are important features that influence heap leaching performance. To quantify the mineral dissemination and pore space distribution of an ore particle, a cylindrical copper oxide ore sample (I center dot 4.6 mm x 5.6 mm) was scanned using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (HRXCT), a nondestructive imaging technology, at a spatial resolution of 4.85 mu m. Combined with three-dimensional (3D) image analysis techniques, the main mineral phases and pore space were segmented and the volume fraction of each phase was calculated. In addition, the mass fraction of each mineral phase was estimated and the result was validated with that obtained using traditional techniques. Furthermore, the pore phase features, including the pore size distribution, pore surface area, pore fractal dimension, pore centerline, and the pore connectivity, were investigated quantitatively. The pore space analysis results indicate that the pore size distribution closely fits a log-normal distribution and that the pore space morphology is complicated, with a large surface area and low connectivity. This study demonstrates that the combination of HRXCT and 3D image analysis is an effective tool for acquiring 3D mineralogical and pore structural data.

A nomogram to predict prognosis for gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination

Objective： To identify independent prognostic factors to be included in a nomogram to predict the prognosis ofgastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination.Methods： This is a retrospective study on 684 patients with a histological diagnosis of gastric cancer withperitoneal dissemination from the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center as the development set, and 62 gastriccancer patients from the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University as the validation group. Chi-square testand Cox regression analysis were used to compare the clinicopathological variables and the prognosis of gastriccancer patients with peritoneal dissemination. The Harrell＇s concordance index （C-index） and calibration curvewere determined for comparisons of predictive ability of the nomogram.Results： Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that serum carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） level（P=0.032）, ascites grading （P=0.008）, presence of extraperitoneal metastasis （P〈0.001）, seeding status （P=0.016） andperformance status （P=0.009） were independent prognostic factors for gastric cancer patients with peritonealdissemination in the development set. The nomogram model was constructed using these five factors. Internalvalidation showed that the C-index of the model was 0.641. For the external validation, the C-index of this modelwas 0.709.Conclusions： We developed and validated a nomogram to predict the prognosis for gastric cancer patients withperitoneal dissemination. This nomogram may play an important clinical role in guiding palliative therapy for thesetypes of patients, although it may need more data for optimization.

Analysis and external validation of a nomogram to predict peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer

Objective:Peritoneal dissemination is difficult to diagnose by conventional imaging technologies.We aimed to construct a nomogram to predict peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer(GC)patients.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 1,112 GC patients in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between2001 and 2010 as the development set and 474 patients from The Sixth Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University between 2010 and 2016 as the validation set.The clinicopathological variables associated with gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination(GCPD)were analyzed.We used logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for peritoneal dissemination.Then,we constructed a nomogram for the prediction of GCPD and defined its predictive value with a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.External validation was performed to validate the applicability of the nomogram.Results:In total,250 patients were histologically identified as having peritoneal dissemination.Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age,sex,tumor location,tumor size,signet-ring cell carcinoma(SRCC),T stage,N stage and Borrmann classification IV(Borrmann IV)were independent risk factors for peritoneal dissemination.We constructed a nomogram consisting of these eight factors to predict GCPD and found an optimistic predictive capability,with a C-index of 0.791,an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.791,and a 95%confidence interval(95%CI)of 0.762-0.820.The results found in the external validation set were also promising.Conclusions:We constructed a highly sensitive nomogram that can assist clinicians in the early diagnosis of GCPD and serve as a reference for optimizing clinical management strategies.

Concept of scientific wildlife conservation and its dissemination

In recent years, wildlife conservation has attracted great public attention. However, substantial distinctions can be found in the prevailing concepts of wildlife conservation, particularly with the recent notion that emphasizes animal rights. Wildlife welfare and wildlife rights are not synonymous, with welfare more compatible with the reasonable and legal utilization of wildlife. The key to scientific wildlife conservation is the appropriate awareness and appreciation of the relationship between wildlife conservation and utilization and the theoretical basis of holism. Nevertheless, rational biases regarding the public＇s understanding of wildlife conservation and the spread of information via social media still exist. As such, expansion of the concept of scientific wildlife conservation requires the application of several measures. Wildlife conservation researchers should be regarded as the most important disseminators of scientifically-based information, with education in schools and universities of growing importance. Furthermore, the media should shoulder the social responsibility for the accurate dissemination of conservation information.

Peritoneal dissemination of pancreatic cancer caused by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)is a biopsy technique widely used to diagnose pancreatic tumors because of its high sensitivity and specificity.Although needle-tract seeding caused by EUS-FNA has been recently reported,dissemination of pancreatic cancer cells is generally considered to be a rare complication that does not affect patient prognosis.However,the frequency of dissemination and needle-tract seeding appears to have been underestimated.We present a case of peritoneal dissemination of pancreatic cancer due to preoperative EUS-FNA.CASE SUMMARY An 81-year-old man was referred to the Department of Surgery of our hospital in Japan owing to the detection of a pancreatic mass on computed tomography during medical screening.Trans-gastric EUS-FNA revealed that the mass was an adenocarcinoma;hence laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed.No intraoperative peritoneal dissemination and liver metastasis were visually detected,and pelvic lavage cytology was negative for carcinoma cells.The postoperative surgical specimen was negative for carcinoma cells at the dissected margin and the cut end margin;however,pathological findings revealed adenocarcinoma cells on the peritoneal surface proximal to the needle puncture site,and the cells were suspected to be disseminated via EUSFNA.Hence,the patient received adjuvant therapy with S-1(tegafur,gimeracil,and oteracil potassium);however,computed tomography performed 5 mo after surgery revealed liver metastasis and cancerous peritonitis.The patient received palliative therapy and died 8 mo after the operation.CONCLUSION The indications of EUS-FNA should be carefully considered to avoid iatrogenic dissemination,especially for cancers in the pancreatic body or tail.

Intrathecal methotrexate in combination with systemic chemotherapy in glioblastoma patients with leptomeningeal dissemination:A retrospective analysis

BACKGROUND Glioblastoma(GBM)is one of the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumors with severe symptoms and a poor prognosis.Leptomeningeal dissemination(LMD)is a serious complication of GBM that often results in dire outcomes.There is currently no effective treatment.AIM To estimate the clinical outcomes of combination therapy in GBM patients with LMD METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted using data collected from GBM patients diagnosed with LMD from January 2012 to December 2019 at our institution.All these patients had received at least one cycle of a combination therapy consisting of intrathecal methotrexate(MTX)and systemic chemotherapy.Clinical and pathological data were analyzed to explore the outcome of GBM patients with LMD and to determine the most effective treatment.RESULTS Twenty-six patients were enrolled in this study.The median time from GBM diagnosis to LMD development was 9.3 mo(range:2-59 mo).The median overall survival of LMD patients from diagnosis to after receiving systemic chemotherapy in combination with intrathecal MTX was 10.5 mo(range:2-59 mo).In the Cox univariate analysis,gross resection of tumor(P=0.022),Karnofsky performance status(KPS)>60(P=0.002),and Ommaya reservoir implant(P<0.001)were correlated with survival.Multivariate analysis showed that KPS>60(P=0.037)and Ommaya reservoir implant(P=0.014)were positive factors correlated with survival.Myelotoxicity and gastrointestinal reactions were the common toxicities of this combination therapy.According to Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events 4.03,most of the patients presented with toxicity less than grade 3.CONCLUSION Intrathecal MTX administration combined with systemic chemotherapy is a potentially effective treatment for patients with GBM and LMD,with mild treatment-related side effects.

Safe Navigation for UAV-Enabled Data Dissemination by Deep Reinforcement Learning in Unknown Environments

Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) are increasingly considered in safe autonomous navigation systems to explore unknown environments where UAVs are equipped with multiple sensors to perceive the surroundings. However, how to achieve UAVenabled data dissemination and also ensure safe navigation synchronously is a new challenge. In this paper, our goal is minimizing the whole weighted sum of the UAV’s task completion time while satisfying the data transmission task requirement and the UAV’s feasible flight region constraints. However, it is unable to be solved via standard optimization methods mainly on account of lacking a tractable and accurate system model in practice. To overcome this tough issue,we propose a new solution approach by utilizing the most advanced dueling double deep Q network(dueling DDQN) with multi-step learning. Specifically, to improve the algorithm, the extra labels are added to the primitive states. Simulation results indicate the validity and performance superiority of the proposed algorithm under different data thresholds compared with two other benchmarks.

Dissemination and Genetic Structure of Carbapenemase Encoding Genes (bla_OXA-23and bla_OXA-24) in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>from Southern Texas

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important human pathogens causing a variety of nosocomial infections. Carbapenem antibiotics have been primarily used to treat the A. baumannii infections. However, carbapenem resistant A. baumannii producing carbapenemases causes serious treatment problems worldwide. Outbreaks of carbapenem resistant isolates have reported in some area of the United States, but their dissemination and genetic structure of the carbapenemase encoding genes are currently little known. To understand outbreaks, dissemination, and genetic structure of the carbapenemase encoding genes in Southern Texas, 32 clinical isolates collected from Austin and Houston, TX were characterized. Twenty-eight of 32 isolates were resistant to all tested β-lactam antibiotics including carbapenem (imipenem and meropenem). Three of them carried blaOXA-23 as a part of Tn2008 integrated into a known plasmid (pACICU2) and all others carried blaOXA-24 flanked by XerC/XerD-like recombinase binding sites that were adjoined by DNA sequences originated from multiple plasmids. Genotype analysis revealed that the 25 isolates carrying blaOXA-24 were all identical genotypes same as a representative isolate carrying blaOXA-24 from Chicago, IL but the 3 isolates carrying blaOXA-23 was a distinct genotype as compared with isolates carrying blaOXA-23 from Chicago, IL and Washington, D.C. Each of the blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-24 was transferred to carbapenem susceptible A. baumannii and E. coli with similar minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of carbapenem as that of their parental isolates but significantly lower levels of MIC in E. coli. Overall results suggest that a unique strain carrying blaOXA-23 and a similar strain carrying blaOXA-24 as seen in other geographic areas are currently disseminated in Southern Texas.

Translation Strategy of Chinese Culture-loaded Lexes and the Dissemination of Chinese Culture

Lexes are the most important and basic element of a language.Chinese culture-loaded lexes are those words or expressions that are greatly rich in Chinese culture.They can reflect the characteristics of Chinese culture and Chinese nation.Therefore,it is of great significance to pay attention to the translation of Chinese culture-loaded lexes as they play a decisive role in disseminating Chinese culture.It can help promote Chinese culture worldwide,improve China's cultural exchanges and communication with other nations and strengthen China's status in the world.This paper focuses on the Chinese culture-loaded words and proposes some possible means of translation with the purpose of spreading Chinese culture.

Let Us Enjoy Self-made Ammonite Accessories:A Self-learning Practice of Replica-making of Fossils,A Dissemination Activity of the Fukada Geological Institute Since Seven Years Ago

Elaborate and precise replicas taken from real fossils are used for academic researches in place of originals. They are often exhibited in museums in order to avoid demolition of the fragile originals.Replicas not only increase the number of specimens but also expand the chances for people to get direct observation of scientifically valuable materials.Up to now。

The dissemination of relevant information on wildlife utilization and its connection with the illegal trade in wildlife

We analyzed the generation and dissemination of relevant information on wildlife utilization based on the African bush elephant(Loxodonta africana Blumenbach.),the tiger(Panthera tigris L.)and the totoaba,a species of marine fish,(Totoaba macdonaldi Gilbert)as examples,whose populations are more threatened by the illegal wildlife trade.We compared the illegal trade in wildlife with related information in order to find possible associations,searched for relevant information on major international websites to summarize similarities in information production and dissemination,and used a"Zhiwei"dissemination analysis platform to analyze the dissemination of information circulated at Microblog.The results show that the most infuential information related to the trade in wildlife is mainly generated from news media websites and new selfmedia platforms,usually from non-governmental organizations concerned with wildlife protection.The main factors that affect the depth and breadth of disseminating relevant information on wildlife utilization include the participation of relatively infuential opinion leaders,the verification ratio of forwarding users,the number of followers,and affective identification.Misleading information can stimulate and promote poaching and smuggling,regardless of their real market demand or their products.Therefore,all links in the course of information dissemination should be carefully examined in order to purify the information environment and reduce adverse effects of misleading information on wildlife protection.

Pre-warning information dissemination models of different media under emergencies

Pre-warning plays an important role in emergency handling, especially in urban areas with high population density like Beijing. Knowing the information dissemination mechanisms clearly could help us reduce losses and ensure the safety of human beings during emergencies. In this paper, we propose the models of pre-warning information dissemination via five classical media based on actual pre-warning issue processes, including television, radio, short message service (SMS), electronic screens, and online social networks. The population coverage ability and dissemination efficiency at different issue time of these five issue channels are analyzed by simulation methods, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared by radar graphs. Results show that SMS is the most appropriate way to issue long-term pre-warning for its large population coverage, but it is not suitable for issuing urgent warnings to large population because of the limitation of telecom company's issue ability. TV shows the best performance to combine the dissemination speed and range, and the performance of radio and electronic screens are not as satisfactory as the others. In addition, online social networks might become one of the most promising communication method for its potential in further diffusion. These models and results could help us make pre-warning issue plans and provide guidance for future construction of information diffusion systems, thus reducing injuries, deaths, and other losses under different emergencies.