Fringe visibility and distinguishability in two-path interferometer with an asymmetric beam splitter

We study the fringe visibility and the distinguishability of a general Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an asymmetric beam splitter. Both the fringe visibility V and the distinguishability D are affected by the input state of the particle characterized by the Bloch vector S =(S_x, S_y, S_z) and the second asymmetric beam splitter characterized by the paramterβ. For the total system is initially in a pure state, it is found that the fringe visibility reaches the upper bound and the distinguishability reaches the lower bound when cosβ=-S_x, The fringe visibility obtain the maximum only if S_x = 0 and β = π/2 when the input particle is initially in a mixed state. The complementary relationship V^2 +D^2 ≤ 1 is proved in a general Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an asymmetric beam splitter, and the conditions for the equality are also presented.

A fuzzy distinguishability on species composition similarities of pelagic fishes in different years in the southern Taiwan Strait

A fuzzy mathematical method is used to discriminate the similarities of pelagic fishes land- ed in the 9180 hauls by 10 light-seine information vessels in the southern Fujian waters from 1989 to 1998. The results indicate that the dominant species of the communities had an obvious alternation and the fuzzy adjacency of annual species composition varied between 0. 659 and 0. 923 with an average value of 0. 791. The fuzzy clustering analysis indicates that the annual fuzzy adjacency in general remains good although the species composition of the pelagic fishes has changed to a certain degree since 1992. This paper concludes that the community structure of pelagic fishes in the southern Taiwan Strait remains rel- atively stable and the state of fish stocks shows a good potentiality for a larger utilization.

Local distinguishability by projective measurement

This paper proves that a set of orthogonal pure states are indistinguishable by restricted local projective measurement and classical communication if the sum of their Schmidt ranks is larger than the dimension of their joint Hilbert space. This result is useful in determining the local distinguishability of quantum states and is stronger in some respects than that of Hayashi et al [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 040501]. In addition, it presents a new method to determine the local distinguishability of orthogonal states by projecting measurement operators into their subspaces.

Morphological comparison and molecular marker screening of three Skeletonema species found in Changjiang(Yangtze)River Basin

In our recent investigations of diatom diversity,we studied three species,namely,Skeletonema costatum,Skeletonema subsalsum,and Skeletonema potamos.Although they have been found frequently in Changjiang(Yangtze)River Basin,their morphological and molecular identification is difficult in taxonomy.Therefore,to integrate morphological and molecular biological approaches,we compared systematically their morphological characters and performed phylogenetic analysis.Twelve strains of Skeletonema were collected and isolated from Shanghai and Jiangsu,China,and their morphological characteristics were examined by light microscopy(LM)and the scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Based on morphological comparison,we determined that S.potamos is easy to distinguish from the other two species.The heavily silicified areolae,undulated or cleft distal ends of terminal fultoportula processes(TFPPs),absence of basal pores of fultoportula processes(FPPs),the rootlike protrusions of FPPs,and no interlocking connection are the stable characteristics that can be used to identify S.potamos.However,there are only two features that can distinguish S.costatum from S.subsalsum,namely the location of terminal rimoportulae(TRPs)and the distal shape of TFPPs.In addition,we amplified and sequenced nine common genetic markers from the strains,from which 101 sequences were obtained,constructed phylogenetic trees based on the nine genes and evaluated that seven genes can be used to identify S.potamos,and revealed that S.subsalsum is the closest known relative of S.costatum,and only ATP synthetase beta-subunit gene(atp B)is able to distinguish them from each other,which strongly support that it is an effective molecular marker for Skeletonema.This work provided a theoretical basis for the taxonomic study of Skeletonema.

The first mitogenome of Lauraceae(Cinnamomum chekiangense)

There are three distinct genetic systems in higher plants,the dominant nuclear genome and the semi-autonomous organelle genomes(plastids and mitochondria).In contrast to the conserved plastid genome(plastome),the plant mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)is characterized by an intriguing“evolutionary paradox”distinguished by a remarkably low mutation rate but with a significantly high rearrangement rate(Palmer and Herbon,1988;Lai et al.,2022).

Necessary and Suffcient Conditions for Distinguishability of Linear Control Systems

Distinguishability plays a crucial rule in studying observability of hybrid system such as switched system. Recently, for two linear systems, Lou and Si gave a condition not only necessary but also sufficient to the distinguishability of linear systems. However, the condition is not easy enough to verify. This paper will give a new equivalent condition which is relatively easy to verify.

Effect of weak randomness flaws on security evaluation of practical quantum key distribution with distinguishable decoy states

Quantum key distribution provides an unconditional secure key sharing method in theory,but the imperfect factors of practical devices will bring security vulnerabilities.In this paper,we characterize the imperfections of the sender and analyze the possible attack strategies of Eve.Firstly,we present a quantized model for distinguishability of decoy states caused by intensity modulation.Besides,considering that Eve may control the preparation of states through hidden variables,we evaluate the security of preparation in practical quantum key distribution(QKD)scheme based on the weak-randomness model.Finally,we analyze the influence of the distinguishability of decoy state to secure key rate,for Eve may conduct the beam splitting attack and control the channel attenuation of different parts.Through the simulation,it can be seen that the secure key rate is sensitive to the distinguishability of decoy state and weak randomness,especially when Eve can control the channel attenuation.

Recognition for Frontal Emergency Stops Dangerous Activity Using Nano IoT Sensor and Transfer Learning

Currently,it is difficult to extract the depth feature of the frontal emergency stops dangerous activity signal,which leads to a decline in the accuracy and efficiency of the frontal emergency stops the dangerous activ-ity.Therefore,a recognition for frontal emergency stops dangerous activity algorithm based on Nano Internet of Things Sensor(NIoTS)and transfer learning is proposed.First,the NIoTS is installed in the athlete’s leg muscles to collect activity signals.Second,the noise component in the activity signal is removed using the de-noising method based on mathematical morphology.Finally,the depth feature of the activity signal is extracted through the deep transfer learning model,and the Euclidean distance between the extracted feature and the depth feature of the frontal emergency stops dangerous activity signal is compared.If the European distance is small,it can be judged as the frontal emergency stops dangerous activity,and the frontal emergency stops dangerous activity recognition is realized.The results show that the average time delay of activity signal acquisition of the algorithm is low,the signal-to-noise ratio of the action signal is high,and the activity signal mean square error is low.The variance of the frontal emergency stops dangerous activity recognition does not exceed 0.5.The difference between the appearance time of the dangerous activity and the recognition time of the algorithm is 0.15 s,it can accurately and quickly recognize the frontal emergency stops the dangerous activity.

一类实多项式映射零点的分布

设P:IR^(2n)→IR~?(2n)是(q_1,…,q_(2n))次实多项式映射,满足q_(2j-1)-q_(2j),j=1,2,…,n。本文讨论这类多项式映射的实零点分布,并给出计算一批实零点的方法。

Wave-particle duality relation with a quantum N-path beamsplitter

The wave-particle duality relation derived by Englert sets an upper bound of the extractable information from wave and particle properties in a two-path interferometer.Surprisingly,previous studies demonstrated that the introduction of a quantum beamsplitter in the interferometer could break the limitation of this upper bound,due to interference between wave and particle states.Along the other line,a lot of efforts have been made to generalize this relation from the two-path setup to the N-path case.Thus,it is an interesting question that whether a quantum N-path beamsplitter can break the limitation as well.This paper systemically studies the model of a quantum N-path beamsplitter,and finds that the generalized wave-particle duality relation between interference visibility and path distinguishability is also broken in certain situations.We further study the maximal extractable information's reliance on the interference between wave and particle properties,and derive a quantitative description.We then propose an experimental methodology to verify the break of the limitation.Our work reflects the effect of quantum superposition on wave-particle duality,and exhibits a new aspect of the relation between visibility and path distinguishability in N-path interference.Moreover,it implies the observer's influence on wave-particle duality.

Deterministically distinguishing a remote Bell state

It has been proven that, with a single copy provided, the four Bell states cannot be distinguished by local operations and classical communications （LOCC）. Traditionally, a Bell basis projective measurement is needed to distinguish the four Bell states, which is usually carried out with a local interference between two particles. This paper presents an interesting protocol that allows two remote parties to distinguish four Bell states deterministically. We prove that our protocol of distinguishing remote Bell states is beyond LOCC.

智能化刀具失效监测策略(英文)

The FMS (Flexible Manufacture System)Research Group in the Mechanical Engineering Department has recently developed an intelligent strategy based on artificial intelligence and practical experiences for the defection of tool failure (wear or fracture or breakage).

A new journal on sustainable development of coal science and mining engineering launched by the China Coal Society and Springer

China Coal Society(CCS)and Springer have announced that they will launch a new authoritative journal with a total dedication on coal science and mining engineering.The new journal,International Journal of Coal Science and Mining Engineering(JCSME)will be launched in early 2014.JCSME aims to be a peer-reviewed academic OA journal focusing on key topics of coal scientific research and mining development.

Travel time prediction with viscoelastic traffic model

Travel time through a ring road with a total length of 80 km has been predicted by a viscoelastic traffic model(VEM), which is developed in analogous to the non-Newtonian fluid flow. The VEM expresses a traffic pressure for the unfree flow case by space headway, ensuring that the pressure can be determined by the assumption that the relevant second critical sound speed is exactly equal to the disturbance propagation speed determined by the free flow speed and the braking distance measured by the average vehicular length. The VEM assumes that the sound speed for the free flow case depends on the traffic density in some specific aspects, which ensures that it is exactly identical to the free flow speed on an empty road. To make a comparison, the open Navier-Stokes type model developed by Zhang(ZHANG, H. M. Driver memory, traffic viscosity and a viscous vehicular traffic flow model. Transp. Res. Part B, 37, 27–41(2003)) is adopted to predict the travel time through the ring road for providing the counterpart results.When the traffic free flow speed is 80 km/h, the braking distance is supposed to be 45 m,with the jam density uniquely determined by the average length of vehicles l ≈ 5.8 m. To avoid possible singular points in travel time prediction, a distinguishing period for time averaging is pre-assigned to be 7.5 minutes. It is found that the travel time increases monotonically with the initial traffic density on the ring road. Without ramp effects, for the ring road with the initial density less than the second critical density, the travel time can be simply predicted by using the equilibrium speed. However, this simpler approach is unavailable for scenarios over the second critical.

PREDICTION OF SEA FOG OF GUANGDONG COASTLAND USING THE VARIABLE FACTORS OUTPUT BY GRAPES MODEL

By analyzing the NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis (2004–2008), a number of predictors (factors of variables) are established with the output from the GRAPES model and with reference to the sea fog data from observational stations (2004–2008) and field observations (2006–2008). Based on the criteria and conditions for sea fog appearance at the stations of Zhanjiang, Zhuhai and Shantou, a Model Output Statistics (MOS) scheme for distinguishing and forecasting 24-h sea fog is established and put into use for three representative coastal areas of Guangdong. As shown in an assessment of the forecasts for Zhanjiang and Shantou (March of 2008) and Zhuhai (April of 2008), the scheme was quite capable of forecasting sea fog on the coast of the province, with the accuracy ranging from 84% to 90%, the threat score from 0.40 to 0.50 and the Heidke skill from 0.52 to 0.56.

INTEGRAL DISTINGUISHERS OF JH AND GRSTL-512

In December of 2010 NIST selected five SHA-3 finalists-BLAKE,Grstl,JH,Keccak,and Skein to advance to the third (and final) round of the SHA-3 competition.At present most specialists and scholars focus on the design and the attacks on these hash functions.However,it is very significant to study some properties of their primitives and underlying permutations.Because some properties reflect the pseudo-randomness of the structures.Moreover,they help us to find new cryptanalysis for some block cipher structures.In this paper,we analyze the resistance of JH and Grstl-512 against structural properties built on integral distinguishers.And then 31.5 (out of 42) rounds integral distinguishers for JH compression function and 11.5 (out of 14) rounds for Grstl-512 compression function are presented.

The Application of Genetic Algorithms and Multidimensional Distinguishing Model in Forecasting and Evaluating Credits for Mobile Clients

To solve the arrearage problem that puzzled most of the mobile corporations, we propose an approach to forecast and evaluate the credits for mobile clients, devising a method that is of the coalescence of genetic algorithm and multidimensional distinguishing model. In the end of this paper, a result of a testing application in Zhuhai Branch, GMCC was provided. The precision of the forecasting and evaluation of the client’s credit is near 90%. This study is very significant to the mobile communication corporation at all levels. The popularization of the techniques and the result would produce great benefits of both society and economy.

A Distinguishing Method and Distribution Characteristics of Fog and Haze Days in Fuzhou

For data of atmospheric composition missing, fog and haze days were distinguished based on the standard of meteorological industry Observation and Forecasting Levels of Haze （QX/T113-2010） and four user-defined standards, and using data of surface meteorological factors in Fuzhou City, China from 2005 to 2011, temporal distributions of fog and haze days were analyzed respectively to provide methods for fog and haze forecast. The results showed that there were 28.9 fog days and 89.7 haze days per year in Fuzhou. Both fog and haze days were variable, and there might be a day difference of twice to thrice among the years. They were the most in 2007, and then decreased in recent years. Both fog and haze days were more in winter and spring, accounted for 94.1% and 70.1% respectively, while in summer and autumn, they only accounted for 5.9% and 29.9% respectively. In a day, fog mainly occurred from night to early morning, while haze occurred mainly at about noon, which demonstrated that fog and haze are different synoptic phenomena. The mass concentration of PM2.5 in fog days was 34 μg/m^3, while it was 61 μg/m^3 in haze days, and in 22% of haze days it was larger than 75 μg/m3, which was above the national second-grade ambient air quality standard.

A New Species of the Genus Rhacophorus(Anura：Rhacophoridae) from Southern China

A new species of rhacophorid of the genus Rhacophorus is described from the Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, Southern China. Rhacophorus pinglongensis sp. nov. is compared with congeners from China and other parts of Southeast Asia. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by combination of following characters：（1） small size（adult male, SVL 32.0-38.5 mm）;（2） smooth and green dorsum;（3） flanks, axilla, ventral surface of forearms, inguinal, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, ventral surface of shank, and dorsal surface of feet covered with black blotches with white spots or white spots with a faint orange tint;（4） ventral surface of feet and webbing tangerine;（5） supratympanic fold weak;（6） outer margin of forearms and feet with low dermal ridges;（7） calcars absent on heels;（8） iris silver, diffusing to ecru laterally with light khaki ring along margin. The new species is closely related to R. dorsoviridis, R. moltrechti, and R. nigropunctatus based on adult morphology. Currently, this species is known only from mid-elevation montane evergreen forest in the Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China.

Distribution pattern of axonal cytoskeleton proteins in the human optic nerve head

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in the developed world.It is a progressive optic neuropathy where structural loss of retinal ganglion cell（RGC）axons corresponds with functional visual field defect.Glaucoma is distinguished from other optic neuropathies by its selective loss of RGC axons.Superior and inferior peripheral nerve sectors are found to be most vulnerable to pressure induced injury whereas the inner temporal sector is most resilient（Quigley et al.,1988）.