Joint Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) & Walsh-Hadamard Transform: Enhancing the Receiver Performance

Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is a new access method to achieve high performance gains in terms of capacity and throughput, so it is currently under consideration as one of the candidates for fifth generation(5 G) technologies. NOMA utilizes power domain in order to superimpose signals of multiple users in a single transmitted signal. This creates a lot of interference at the receive side. Although the use of successive interference cancellation(SIC) technique reduces the interference, but to further improve the receiver performance, in this paper, we have proposed a joint Walsh-Hadamard transform(WHT) and NOMA approach for achieving better performance gains than the conventional NOMA. WHT is a well-known code used in communication systems and is used as an orthogonal variable spreading factor(OVSF) in communication systems. Application of WHT to NOMA results in low bit error rate(BER) and high throughput performance for both low and high channel gain users. Further, it also reduces peak to average power ratio(PAPR) of the user signal. The results are discussed in terms of comparison between the conventionalNOMA and the proposed technique, which shows that it offers high performance gains in terms of low BER at different SNR levels, reduced PAPR, high user throughput performance and better spectral efficiency.

Resource Allocation based on Shared Criterion in OFDMA Distributed Radio Access Network

Distributed radio access network (DRAN) is a novel wireless access architecture and can solve the problem of the available spectrum scarcity in wireless communications. In this paper, we investigate resource allocation for the downlink of OFDMA DRAN. Unlike previous exclusive criterion based algorithms that allocate each subcarrier to only one user in the system, the proposed algorithms are based on shared criterion that allow each subcarrier to be allocated to multiple users through different antennas and to only one user through same antenna. First, an adaptive resource allocation algorithm based on shared criterion is proposed to maximize total system rate under each user's minimal rate and each antenna's maximal power constraints. Then we improve the above algorithm by considering the influence of the resource allocation scheme on single user. The simulation results show that the shared criterion based algorithm provide much higher total system rate than that of the exclusive criterion based algorithm at the expense of the outage performance and the fairness, while the improved algorithm based on shared criterion can achieve a good tradeoff performance.

混合NOMA/OFDMA可见光通信系统资源分配算法

为了进一步降低混合非正交多址/正交频分复用多址(NOMA/OFDMA)技术的多用户多小区可见光通信系统的误码率,提出了一种功率和子载波的联合分配算法。该算法以最小化系统误符号率为优化目标,实现了子小区间载波和用户功率的联合最优分配。首先,理论推导出系统的误符号率表达式;然后,使用Matlab软件进行仿真,模拟可见光通信系统模型,并借助遗传算法得到最优的分配结果;最后,将该算法与现有的算法进行了对比。仿真结果表明,所提算法的误符号率性能更优。

智能反射面辅助OFDMA云接入网的资源分配方法

本文研究了智能反射面(IRS)辅助OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access,正交频分多址接入)云无线接入网(C-RAN)的下行链路传输系统,其中基带处理单元(BBU)池通过多个远端射频头(RRH)与多个用户进行通信.RRH到用户的接入链路采用OFDMA接入技术.对于BBU池到RRH,采用无线前传链路,并且部署多个IRS以增强链路传输能力.在BBU池和每个RRH发射功率约束下,本文提出通过联合优化前传链路和接入链路资源配置使下行用户和速率最大化.由于该资源配置问题是非凸的,首先采用连续凸逼近(SCA)对目标以及约束条件进行转换.其次,将转换后的问题拆分成三个子问题来交替性求解.最后,计算机仿真结果显示了所提出的联合资源分配方法与其他基准方案相比具有显著的传输性能增益.

CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET ESTIMATION FOR INTERLEAVED OFDMA UPLINK BASED ON SUBSPACE PROCESSING

This paper investigates Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimation in the uplink of the Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems with the interleaved subcarrier assignment. CFOs between the transmitters and the uplink receiver will destroy orthogonality among different subcarriers, hence resulting in inter-carrier interference and multiuser interference. A two-stage frequency offset estimation algorithm based on subspace processing is proposed. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it can obtain the CFOs of all users simultaneously using only one OFDMA block. Compared with the previously known methods, it not only has a relatively low implementation complexity but is also suitable for random subchannel assignment.

Modeling and Analysis of OFDMA-NOMA-RA Protocol Considering Imperfect SIC in Multi-User Uplink WLANs

To address the problems of network congestion and spectrum resources shortage in multi-user large-scale scenarios,this paper proposes a twice random access OFDMA-NOMA-RA protocol combining the advantages of orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA)and non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA).The idea of this protocol is that OFMDA is used to divide the entire frequency field into multiple orthogonal resource units(RUs),and NOMA is used on each RU to enable more users to access the channel and improve spectrum efficiency.Based on the protocol designed in this paper,in the case of imperfect successive interference cancellation(SIC),the probability of successful competition subchannels and the outage probability are derived for two scenarios:Users occupy the subchannel individually and users share the subchannel.Moreover,when two users share the channel,the decoding order of the users and the corresponding probabilities are considered.Then,the system throughput is obtained.To achieve better outage performance in the system,the optimal power allocation algorithm is proposed in this paper,which enables the optimal power allocation strategy to be obtained.Numerical results show that the larger the imperfect SIC coefficient,the worse the outage performance of weak users.Compared with pure OFDMA and NOMA,OFDMA-NOMA-RA always maintains an advantage when the imperfect SIC coefficient is less than a specific value.

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Security Improvement with Encrypted Spreading Codes in a Partial Band Noise Jamming Environment

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) system is often deployed to protect wireless communication from jamming or to preclude undesired reception of the signal. Such themes can only be achieved if the jammer or undesired receiver does not have the knowledge of the spreading code. For this reason, unencrypted M-sequences are a deficient choice for the spreading code when a high level of security is required. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze vulnerability of linear feedback shift register (LFSRs) codes. Then, a new method based on encryption algorithm applied over spreading codes, named hidden frequency hopping is proposed to improve the security of FHSS. The proposed encryption security algorithm is highly reliable, and can be applied to all existing data communication systems based on spread spectrum techniques. Since the multi-user detection is an inherent characteristic for FHSS, the multi-user interference must be studied carefully. Hence, a new method called optimum pair “key-input” selection is proposed which reduces interference below the desired constant threshold.

Sparse channel estimation for MIMO-OFDM systems using distributed compressed sensing

A sparse channel estimation method is proposed for doubly selective channels in multiple- input multiple-output （ MIMO ） orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （ OFDM ） systems. Based on the basis expansion model （BEM） of the channel, the joint-sparsity of MIMO-OFDM channels is described. The sparse characteristics enable us to cast the channel estimation as a distributed compressed sensing （DCS） problem. Then, a low complexity DCS-based estimation scheme is designed. Compared with the conventional compressed channel estimators based on the compressed sensing （CS） theory, the DCS-based method has an improved efficiency because it reconstructs the MIMO channels jointly rather than addresses them separately. Furthermore, the group-sparse structure of each single channel is also depicted. To effectively use this additional structure of the sparsity pattern, the DCS algorithm is modified. The modified algorithm can further enhance the estimation performance. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of our method over fast fading channels in MIMO-OFDM systems.

Low complexity hybrid power distribution combined with subcarrier allocation algorithm for OFDMA

To improve the total throughput of the uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple access system,a low complexity hybrid power distribution（HPD） combined with subcarrier allocation scheme is proposed.For the fairness mechanism for the subcarrier,the inter-cell interference is first analyzed to calculate the capacity of the multi-cell.The user selects the subcarrier with the largest channel gain.Based on the above subcarrier allocation scheme,a new kind of HPD scheme is proposed,which adopts the waterfilling-power-distributed scheme and the equal-power-distributed scheme in the cell-boundary and the cellcenter,respectively.Simulation results show that compared with the waterfilling-power-distributed scheme in the whole cell,the proposed HPD scheme decreases the system complexity significantly,meanwhile its capacity is 2% higher than that of the equal-powerdistributed scheme over the same subcarrier allocation.

A time domain multiple-CFOs and CIRs estimation algorithm over wireless multimedia sensor networks

Channel parameters estimation in an orthogonal for the receiver station is a multi-dimensional （MD） frequency division multiple access （OFDMA） system optimization problem, because every user node has a separate local oscillator and every transmitter to receiver link has individual carrier frequency offset （CFO） and channel impulse response （CIR） parameters. In order to reduce the computational complexity for MD optimization, a time domain CFOs and CIRs estimation algorithm over the OFDMA based wireless multimedia sensor networks （WMSN） is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, the receiver station can decouple the signal from every node by correlation based on specially designed training sequences, so that the MD optimization problem is simplified to an 1-D optimal problem. It is proved that the multiple CFOs can be identified from the correlation result using the phase shift of the consecutive training se- quences. Based on the CFOs estimation result, the CIRs can then he estimated according to the minimum mean square error （MMSE） criterion. The theoretic analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively decouple the signal from different user nodes and the bit error rate （BER） per- formance curves are close to the ideal estimation when the user number is not large.

THE THEORETICAL BER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY SCHEME IN FREQUENCY SELECTIVE FADING CHANNEL

A novel cooperative diversity scheme based on Distributed Space-Time Block Coding and Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (DSTBC-MC-CDMA) is proposed which works well in frequency selective fading channels with multiple single-antenna users. And an analytical error model is established to describe the symbol decoding errors between interusers, based on which a close form expression for theoretical Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the scheme is derived to analyze the influence of the interuser decoding errors on the BER performance of the scheme. Then simulation is complimented to verify the analytic result above, which also shows that the BER performance of DSTBC-MC-CDMA outgoes that of non-cooperative MC-CDMA with considerable gains. Further- more, the simulations coincide with the theoretical results well.

IRS-OFDMA系统中基于用户QoS的下行资源分配方案

针对智能反射面(intelligent reflecting surface,IRS)辅助的正交频分多址(orthogonal frequency division multiple access,OFDMA)系统中最大化下行系统吞吐量问题,在保障用户服务质量(quality of service,QoS)的前提下,提出了一种有关子载波、功率和IRS反射相位的资源分配方案。在固定反射相位的情况下,基于用户优先级准则分配载波,载波分配后采用注水算法对用户载波间功率进行分配;在固定子载波和功率分配的情况下,通过连续凸逼近求出相位解;多次交替优化后在满足迭代次数及收敛精度要求时,得到子载波分配因子、功率分配系数和反射相位的近似解。仿真结果表明,方案相较于其他方案可以有效提高系统吞吐量且保障用户QoS速率。

基于OFDMA的多小区协作可见光通信系统二维功率分配算法

为了消除可见光通信系统中多小区和多用户信号干扰,提出一种基于正交频分多址(OFDMA)的多小区协作可见光通信系统二维功率分配算法。首先,根据信道情况,采用OFDMA多小区协作资源分配算法给信道情况差的用户分配更高的功率;然后,根据信道信息求解共照区域用户多个协作发光二极管(LED)的发送功率比,得到最优的目标叠加星座。仿真结果表明:与平均功率分配算法相比,一维功率分配算法误码率性能平均提升了16%;与一维功率分配算法相比,二维功率分配算法误码率性能平均提升了10%。

认知无线电下行链路中的OFDMA资源分配算法

本文提出一种适用于下行认知无线电系统的正交频分多址接入资源分配算法,在总发射功率、误比特率和对授权用户干扰受限的条件下最大化系统信息传输速率.本算法分两步实现:首先通过比较各认知用户在各子载波上单位信号发送条件下接收信号的信干噪比实现子载波分配;然后利用凸优化理论求解非负实数域内的比特数和功率值的最优解,并将其调整为符合实际系统需要的比特数和功率值,实现比特和功率分配.仿真结果表明,相比传统的基于频谱空洞的资源分配算法,本算法可以提供显著的系统信息传输速率增益.

保证混合业务质量的跨层OFDMA资源分配方法

提出了一种新的跨层正交频分多址(OFDMA)系统资源分配方法,其综合考虑了无线信道的时变特征和媒体接入子层(MAC)业务服务质量(QoS)要求,将MAC层分组调度和物理层的子信道分配及自适应调制编码进行联合设计,目的是在保证实时时延敏感业务和非实时业务的QoS基础上最大化系统吞吐量.在子载波分配过程中,分别采用了信道依赖的最早预期(CD-EDD)算法和最小速率需求(MRR)算法,对实时时延敏感业务和非实时业务进行调度.基于IEEE 802.16标准建立了动态仿真模型对算法性能进行评估,结果表明,本方法较传统的最大信噪比方法在系统吞吐量相近的情况下,在时延特性、用户公平性方面有较大性能提升.

下行SDM/OFDMA系统中基于效用函数的多用户调度算法

该文研究了空分复用/正交频分多址(SDM/OFDMA)无线通信系统中的多用户调度问题,针对该系统的空时频三维调度特点,提出一种基于效用函数的多用户调度算法。该算法利用空间多用户分集获得增益,同时兼顾系统的整体效率和用户的个体效用。通过计算机仿真验证了算法具有和穷举搜索算法相近的性能,但算法复杂度大大降低。

基于博弈论的OFDMA系统多小区功率协调分配算法

提出了一种用于正交频分多址(OFDMA)通信系统下行链路的多小区功率协调分配算法,协调相邻小区在同频子信道上的发送功率,抑制小区间干扰,提高信道容量。将博弈论引入到多小区功率分配中,给出基于定价的多小区非合作功率分配博弈模型,并分析了该博弈的纳什均衡解的存在性和惟一性,给出了该模型的分布式求解算法。通过仿真分别给出了单小区场景与多小区场景下算法性能,讨论了定价因子对系统性能的影响。仿真结果表明,提出的多小区功率协调分配算法可以充分利用无线资源,提高系统吞吐量,降低平均发送功率。

用于OFDMA系统的多小区自适应资源分配算法

提出了一种用于正交频分多址通信系统下行链路的多小区自适应资源分配算法(MARA).为了降低系统复杂度,将子信道分配和功率分配分开实现,在小区内部进行动态子信道分配,并以单小区子信道分配结果为基础在相邻小区同频用户中进行功率分配.将非合作博弈论引入到多小区功率分配中,给出了基于代价函数的多小区分布式功率分配算法.通过协调相邻小区间同频子信道的发送功率,抑制小区间干扰,提高了无线资源利用率.仿真结果表明,与已有算法相比,本文提出的算法可以提高系统吞吐量.

基于OFDMA的分布式网络架构干扰分析及资源池概念

为了评估采用正交频分多址接入技术的多小区分布式网络架构的干扰状况,以广义分布式小区架构——群小区为例,具体分析了不采用功率控制、采用信干比平衡功率控制策略以及进一步采用逐步删除算法时的群小区架构小区间干扰状况,评估了与传统蜂窝架构相比较的系统中断性能.分析和仿真表明,相对于传统蜂窝结构,群小区架构的小区间干扰并没有大幅度的提高.并且由于群小区架构的系统资源是统一进行分配与管理的,系统性能较传统蜂窝架构有更大的提高.基于此,进一步提出了资源池概念.

OFDMA中继系统下行链路资源分配算法研究

为了满足用户最小速率要求,提高OFDMA中继系统下行链路的和速率容量,在适用于TDMA和CDMA系统的M-LWDF资源分配算法基础上,提出了一种基于信道和缓冲队列状态信息的OFDMA中继系统资源分配算法。该算法同时考虑了各用户的信道状态和数据流的突发性,相对于现有算法,提出的新算法使OFDMA中继系统中断概率最小化的同时,可以获得更大的系统和速率容量。数值仿真结果也证明了上述结论。