Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation of SZ Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Project Based on AHP-Matter-Element Extension Model

With the introduction of the“dual carbon goals,”there has been a robust development of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects in the promotion of their construction.As part of this initiative,a comprehensive and systematic analysis has been conducted to study the overall benefits of photovoltaic power generation projects.The evaluation process encompasses economic,technical,environmental,and social aspects,providing corresponding analysis methods and data references.Furthermore,targeted countermeasures and suggestions are proposed,signifying the research’s importance for the construction and development of subsequent distributed photovoltaic power generation projects.

Analysis and Power Quality Improvement in Hybrid Distributed Generation System with Utilization of Unified Power Quality Conditioner

This paper presents a comprehensive study that includes the sizing and power flow by series and parallel inverters in a distributed generation system(DGs)that integrates the system of hybrid wind photovoltaic with a unified power quality conditioner(UPQC).In addition to supplying active power to the utility grid,the system of hybrid wind photovoltaic functions as a UPQC,compensating reactive power and suppressing the harmonic load currents.Additionally,the load is supplied with harmonic-free,balanced and regulated output voltages.Since PVWind-UPQC is established on a dual compensation scheme,the series inverter works like a sinusoidal current source,while the parallel inverter works like a sinusoidal voltage source.Consequently,a smooth alteration from interconnected operating modes to island operating modes and vice versa can be achieved without load voltage transients.Since PV-Wind-UPQC inverters handle the energy generated through the hybrid wind photovoltaic system and the energy demanded through the load,the converters should be sized cautiously.A detailed study of the flow of power via the PV-Wind-UPQC is imperative to gain a complete understanding of the system operation and the proper design of the converters.Thus,curves that allow the sizing of the power converters according to the power flow via the converters are presented and discussed.Simulation results are presented to assess both steady state and dynamic performances of the grid connected hybrid system of PV-Wind-UPQC.This investigation is verified by simulating and analyzing the results with Matlab/Simulink.

Research on Multi-Scale Modeling of Grid-Connected Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation

The complexity of distribution network model mainly depends on the model scale of grid-connected distributed photovoltaic (PV) power generation. Therefore, the simulation performance of multi-scale PV model is the key factor of the simulation accuracy in the specific operating scenarios of distribution network. In this paper, a multi-scale model of grid connected PV distributed generation system is proposed based on the mathematical model of grid-connected distributed PV power generation. It is analyzed that differences of simulation performance, such as adaptability of simulation step size, accuracy of output and the effect on voltage profile of distribution network, between PV models with different scales in IEEE 33 node example. Simulation results indicate that the multi-scale model is effective in improving the accuracy and efficiency of simulation under different operating conditions of distribution network.

Energy Loss Analysis of Distributed Rooftop Photovoltaics in Industrial Parks

The analysis of the loss of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems involves the interests of energy users,energy-saving service companies,and power grid companies,so it has always been the focus of the industry and society in some manner or another.However,the related analysis for an actual case that considers different cooperative corporations’benefits is lacking in the presently available literature.This paper takes the distributed rooftop photovoltaic power generation project in an industrial park as the object,studies the analysis and calculation methods of line loss and transformer loss,analyzes the change of transformer loss under different temperatures and different load rates,and compares the data and trend of electricity consumption and power generation in industrial parks before and after the photovoltaic operation.This paper explores and practices the analysis method of the operating loss of distributed photovoltaic power generation and provides an essential reference for the benefit analysis and investment cost estimation of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems in industrial parks.The analyzed results reveal that the change loss is stable after the photovoltaic is connected,and there is no additional transformer loss.And before and after the photovoltaic system installation,there was no significant change in the total monthly data difference between the total meter and the sub-meter.

Impact of PV Distributed Generation on Loop Distribution Network

The rapid spreading of the Photovoltaic (PV) Systems as Distributed Generation (DG) in medium and low voltage networks created many effects and changes on the existing power system networks. In this work, two methods have been used and applied to determine the optimal allocation and sizing of the PV to be installed as DGs (ranging from 250 kW up to 3 MW). The first one is to determine the location according to the maximal power losses reduction over the feeder. The second one is by using the Harmony Search Algorithm which is claimed to be a powerful technique for optimal allocation of PV systems. The results of the two techniques were compared and found to be nearly closed. Furthermore, investigation on the effects on the feeder in terms of voltage levels, power factor readings, and short circuit current levels has been done. All calculations and simulations are conducted by using the MATLAB Simulation Program. Some field calculations and observations have been expended in order to substantiate the research findings and validation.

Availability, Performance and Reliability Evaluation for PV Distributed Generation

Nowadays, renewable energy resources play an important role in replacing conventional energy resources such as fossil fuel by integrating solar, wind and geothermal energy. Photovoltaic energy is one?of?the very promising renewable energy resources which grew rapidly in the past few years, it can be used to produce electric energy through photovoltaic process. The primary objective of the research proposed in this paper is to facilitate the increasing penetration levels of PV systems in the electric distribution networks. In this work, the PV module electrical model is presented based on the mathematical equations and was implemented on MATLAB to simulate the non-linear characteristics I-V and P-V curves with variable input parameters which are irradiance and temperature based on Riyadh region. In addition, the reliability evaluation of distribution networks, including distributed generators of solar photovoltaic (PV) with varying output power capacity is presented also. The Monte Carlo simulation algorithm is applied to test the distribution network which is RBTS Bus 2 and the same has been conducted on the original case of distribution network substation 7029 which is located at KSA Riyadh. The two distribution networks have been modified to include the PV’s distributed generators. The distributed generators contribute to supply a part of the load during normal mode and supply the entire load during component failure or failure of grid operation supply. The PV stochastic models have been used to simulate the randomness of these resources. Moreover, the study shows that the implementation and integration of renewable resources as distributed generations have improved the reliability of the distribution networks.

考虑分布式光伏发电特性的CHPV组合优化调度

近年来光伏装机容量逐年提升,为进一步提高光伏的消纳能力,满足居民的电热需求,本文首先分析分布式光伏的发电特性,提出一种由微型热电联供机组和光伏机组的组合机组,简称CHPV组合,构建以运行成本最低为目标的CHPV组合优化模型,采用K-means聚类方法对某地一年的光伏数据进行聚类,生成3个典型的光伏出力场景并代入CHPV组合优化模型中,采用Cplex对本文所提模型进行仿真验证。结果表明,本文所构建的CHPV组合可有效满足居民不同季节下的电热需求和提高光伏的消纳能力。

含分布式PV的配电网功率方向纵联保护方案

随着太阳能应用技术的进步和国家政策扶持力度的加大,越来越多的分布式光伏电源并入配电网中,对原有的配电网保护造成了巨大的影响。文章通过分析光伏并网对配电网保护的影响,根据已有的解决方案,并结合光伏自身输出的周期性、随机性和间歇性,提出了一种引入电流量的功率方向纵联保护方案,对不同线路的保护进行了完善,并在PSCAD/EMTDC软件中进行了仿真验证。结果表明,该保护方案不受光伏运行方式的影响而可靠地进行保护动作,在实践中具有可行性。

某机修工程光储直柔系统方案探讨

在分析光储直柔系统原理基础上,以某新建机修工程智慧低碳建筑为例,构建光储直柔微网系统和光储充微网系统,并对两种方案进行设计对比分析探讨,以实现新能源的更好利用。

Distributed Photovoltaic Real-Time Output Estimation Based on Graph Convolutional Networks

The rapid growth of distributed photovoltaic(PV)has remarkable influence for the safe and economic operation of power systems.In view of the wide geographical distribution and a large number of distributed PV power stations,the current situation is that it is dificult to access the current dispatch data network.According to the temporal and spatial characteristics of distributed PV,a graph convolution algorithm based on adaptive learning of adjacency matrix is proposed to estimate the real-time output of distributed PV in regional power grid.The actual case study shows that the adaptive graph convolution model gives different adjacency matrixes for different PV stations,which makes the corresponding output estimation algorithm have higher accuracy.

分布式光伏集群功率短期预测的空间互补特性初探

随着分布式光伏装机容量的快速增长,分布式光伏集群功率预测对电网调度的影响日益增强。分布式光伏集群功率预测存在“先累加后预测”“先预测后累加”以及“先聚类再预测”3种技术路线。通过在含600多个分布式光伏站点实测功率数据集上的实验发现,分布式光伏集群功率预测存在“空间互补”现象,即3类集群预测路线得到的预测误差相比于单个场站的平均预测误差都有所降低。为了探究空间互补现象的产生机理及影响因素,首先从机理分析的角度将其归纳为“出力曲线互补”和“预测误差互补”两类空间互补特性。然后,提出了“空间互补系数”这一概念,对互补效果进行量化评估。最后,探究了集群规模、分布范围、天气类型和聚类簇数4种因素对空间互补特性的影响。结果表明,两类空间互补特性对分布式光伏集群短期功率预测精度提升效果显著,且预测误差互补在精度上优于出力曲线互补。研究结果可为分布式光伏集群划分提供依据,有助于实现更加高效且准确的功率预测。

基于调节函数的含光伏电源配电网电压越限识别研究

针对现有方法未能明确电压越限的全部有效供电路径,导致配电网电压越限抑制识别时存在实时性较差、抑制效果不明显的问题,因此,研究基于调节函数的含光伏电源配电网电压越限识别,以提升含光伏电源配电网电压越限识别的实时性及有效性。首先利用光伏电源物理机理构建光伏电源外特性模型,基于该模型在Matlab/Simulink软件中搭建光伏电源仿真模型;依据含光伏电源配电网功率关系计算接入光伏前与接入光伏后并网点电压的变化量,并对电压越限机理进行分析,从而进行含光伏电源配电网等值电路设计;明确电压越限的全部有效供电路径,利用调节函数从大至小排序建立含光伏电源配电网电压越限调节策略候选集,并在调节策略候选集内选取候选策略以实现电压越限识别。实例分析结果表明,采用该方法可在较少的迭代次数以及执行时间内有效将存在越限的含光伏电源配电网电压调节至正常状态,实用性高。

分布式光伏发电项目经济性及政策效果分析

分析了分布式光伏发电项目的经济性及相关政策的效果,探讨了项目的成本、收益、投资回报期以及政策对这些经济指标的具体影响。通过建立初始结构模型,详细评估了上网电价模式、税收、补贴和融资等政策工具的实施效果,并对政策数据来源、模型评估与检验过程进行了系统的阐述。研究结果表明:相应的政策工具对于降低项目成本、缩短投资回报期、扩大项目规模以及提高电力消纳能力具有显著作用,为政策优化和项目决策提供了有力的数据支持。

Modeling,Oscillation Analysis and Distributed Stabilization Control of Autonomous PV-based Microgrids

Driven by rising energy demand and the goal of carbon neutrality,renewable energy generations(REGs),especially photovoltaic(PV)generations,are widely used in the urban power energy systems.While the intelligent control of microgrids(MG)brings economic and efficient operation,its potential stability problem cannot be ignored.To date,most of the research on modeling,analyzing and enhancing the stability of MG usually assume the DC-link as an ideal voltage source.However,this practice of ignoring the dynamics of DC-link may omit the latent oscillation phenomena of autonomous PV-based MG.First,this paper establishes a complete dynamic model of autonomous PV-based MG including PV panels and DC-link.Different from previous conclusions of idealizing DC-link dynamics,participation factor analysis finds the potential impact of DClink dynamics on system dynamic performance,and different influence factors including critical control parameters and nonlinear V-I output characteristic of PV array are considered to further reveal oscillation mechanisms.Second,based on the average consensus algorithm,a distributed stabilization controller with strong robustness is proposed to enhance stability of the PVbased MG,which does not affect the steady-state performance of the system.Finally,the correctness of all theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed controller are verified by time domain simulation and hardware-in-loop tests.

我国中东部地区分布式光伏高质量发展探析

近年来,全国分布式光伏快速发展,对于充分利用本地新能源资源、推动能源电力绿色低碳转型发挥了积极的作用。其中,中东部地区分布式光伏超预期增长,装机规模已超越集中式光伏,成为新增电源的主力。本文分析了当前全国特别是中东部地区分布式光伏发展的现状,深入探讨了分布式光伏大规模并网对电力供需平衡、电网运行及运营模式带来的问题和挑战,总结了各地积极发展分布式光伏的有益经验,并提出相关政策建议,为推动分布式光伏高质量发展、构建新型电力系统提供决策参考。

基于配网运行裕度的光伏最佳接入容量评估

合理的光伏安装方案有利于降低配电系统的供电成本和提高能源利用率,因此需要根据供电经济性指标确定配网中分布式光伏的最佳接入容量。提出一种基于配网运行裕度的光伏最佳接入容量评估方法。该方法利用配网运行裕度信息,把高维的光伏多节点并网优化问题降至1维的光伏总接入容量优化,且利用分布式调度实现了不同主体的协同运行。通过对改进的IEEE 33节点系统开展算例分析发现,根据所提方法确定的光伏最佳接入容量超过了配网最大负荷与线路容量之和,为高比例分布式光伏接入配电网奠定了理论基础。

分布式光伏发电并网功率直接控制方法

能够集成有功发电、无功补偿和谐波抑制功能的分布式光伏并网发电系统对改善电网末端地区的供电质量、增加供电可靠性有重要作用。针对传统解耦控制对网络参数敏感的缺陷,旨在提出一种改进的光伏发电并网功率控制策略,即直接控制。该方法考虑了RLC滤波器的阻尼问题,根据分布式光伏发电的并网功率模型得到其运行区域图,并确定运行表,然后参照并网点电压从运行表中选择合理的运行点及对应的控制参量,对输出的有功、无功功率实现直接、统一控制,从而起到调节电网电压的作用。算例表明,直接控制方法原理清晰、控制简便,对配电网供电质量能起到较大的改善作用。

光伏发电接入智能配电网后的系统问题综述

简述了智能配电网的发展情况和光伏发电系统的应用研究概况,分别从基础研究、网络规划和系统运行等方面分析了光伏发电接入智能配电网后对配电网的影响,重点介绍了光伏电站建模、基本运行特性、光伏电站建设规划及出力预测、含光伏电源的智能配电网规划、网络潮流、电压与无功平衡、电能质量、继电保护、故障与可靠性、微网动态特性、优化调度与协调运行等内容,以期为光伏电源接入智能配电网、促进智能电网快速发展提供参考。

大型光伏电站与电网谐波交互影响

大型光伏电站的并网将导致配电网谐波呈现出高频次、宽频域等特性,以往被忽视的输电线路分布电容对该类型谐波的影响将十分显著。首先给出光伏电站高低次谐波电流输出特性,建立光伏电站配网基波域数学模型。在此基础上,提出大型光伏电站谐波串并联谐振数学模型,分析谐波串并联谐振的机理,定量分析谐波电压放大系数及谐波电流放大系数与输电距离、谐波次数及谐波类型的关系。按照青海格尔木某50?MVA大型并网光伏电站搭建实例仿真模型,并且对该电站及配网进行数据实测,通过仿真数据及实测数据的对比验证结论的正确性。

光伏电站分层分布式自动功率控制技术

当前含有组串式逆变器的光伏电站,因单台组串式逆变器容量相对集中式小得多,同等容量情况下总逆变器数目大增,这给近年普遍含有组串式逆变器的大型光伏电站厂站自动功率控制系统带来了控制计算、存储容量不足和指令通信下发阻塞严重等问题。为此,文中提出了在中间层增设方阵自动发电控制(AGC)的分层分布式AGC系统结构。文中研究了光伏方阵AGC一体化产品技术实现方案、方阵AGC的功率分配算法与策略,并分析给出了方阵AGC与厂站AGC系统的协作配合策略。工程现场应用测试及仿真分析结果表明所提技术能有效解决当前大型组串式光伏电站AGC系统存在的问题。