Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation of SZ Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Project Based on AHP-Matter-Element Extension Model

With the introduction of the“dual carbon goals,”there has been a robust development of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects in the promotion of their construction.As part of this initiative,a comprehensive and systematic analysis has been conducted to study the overall benefits of photovoltaic power generation projects.The evaluation process encompasses economic,technical,environmental,and social aspects,providing corresponding analysis methods and data references.Furthermore,targeted countermeasures and suggestions are proposed,signifying the research’s importance for the construction and development of subsequent distributed photovoltaic power generation projects.

Short-term prediction of photovoltaic power generation based on LMD-EE-ESN with error correction

Considering the instability of the output power of photovoltaic(PV)generation system,to improve the power regulation ability of PV power during grid-connected operation,based on the quantitative analysis of meteorological conditions,a short-term prediction method of PV power based on LMD-EE-ESN with iterative error correction was proposed.Firstly,through the fuzzy clustering processing of meteorological conditions,taking the power curves of PV power generation in sunny,rainy or snowy,cloudy,and changeable weather as the reference,the local mean decomposition(LMD)was carried out respectively,and their energy entropy(EE)was taken as the meteorological characteristics.Then,the historical generation power series was decomposed by LMD algorithm,and the hierarchical prediction of the power curve was realized by echo state network(ESN)prediction algorithm combined with meteorological characteristics.Finally,the iterative error theory was applied to the correction of power prediction results.The analysis of the historical data in the PV power generation system shows that this method avoids the influence of meteorological conditions in the short-term prediction of PV output power,and improves the accuracy of power prediction on the condition of hierarchical prediction and iterative error correction.

Analysis and Power Quality Improvement in Hybrid Distributed Generation System with Utilization of Unified Power Quality Conditioner

This paper presents a comprehensive study that includes the sizing and power flow by series and parallel inverters in a distributed generation system(DGs)that integrates the system of hybrid wind photovoltaic with a unified power quality conditioner(UPQC).In addition to supplying active power to the utility grid,the system of hybrid wind photovoltaic functions as a UPQC,compensating reactive power and suppressing the harmonic load currents.Additionally,the load is supplied with harmonic-free,balanced and regulated output voltages.Since PVWind-UPQC is established on a dual compensation scheme,the series inverter works like a sinusoidal current source,while the parallel inverter works like a sinusoidal voltage source.Consequently,a smooth alteration from interconnected operating modes to island operating modes and vice versa can be achieved without load voltage transients.Since PV-Wind-UPQC inverters handle the energy generated through the hybrid wind photovoltaic system and the energy demanded through the load,the converters should be sized cautiously.A detailed study of the flow of power via the PV-Wind-UPQC is imperative to gain a complete understanding of the system operation and the proper design of the converters.Thus,curves that allow the sizing of the power converters according to the power flow via the converters are presented and discussed.Simulation results are presented to assess both steady state and dynamic performances of the grid connected hybrid system of PV-Wind-UPQC.This investigation is verified by simulating and analyzing the results with Matlab/Simulink.

Research on Multi-Scale Modeling of Grid-Connected Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation

The complexity of distribution network model mainly depends on the model scale of grid-connected distributed photovoltaic (PV) power generation. Therefore, the simulation performance of multi-scale PV model is the key factor of the simulation accuracy in the specific operating scenarios of distribution network. In this paper, a multi-scale model of grid connected PV distributed generation system is proposed based on the mathematical model of grid-connected distributed PV power generation. It is analyzed that differences of simulation performance, such as adaptability of simulation step size, accuracy of output and the effect on voltage profile of distribution network, between PV models with different scales in IEEE 33 node example. Simulation results indicate that the multi-scale model is effective in improving the accuracy and efficiency of simulation under different operating conditions of distribution network.

Energy Loss Analysis of Distributed Rooftop Photovoltaics in Industrial Parks

The analysis of the loss of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems involves the interests of energy users,energy-saving service companies,and power grid companies,so it has always been the focus of the industry and society in some manner or another.However,the related analysis for an actual case that considers different cooperative corporations’benefits is lacking in the presently available literature.This paper takes the distributed rooftop photovoltaic power generation project in an industrial park as the object,studies the analysis and calculation methods of line loss and transformer loss,analyzes the change of transformer loss under different temperatures and different load rates,and compares the data and trend of electricity consumption and power generation in industrial parks before and after the photovoltaic operation.This paper explores and practices the analysis method of the operating loss of distributed photovoltaic power generation and provides an essential reference for the benefit analysis and investment cost estimation of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems in industrial parks.The analyzed results reveal that the change loss is stable after the photovoltaic is connected,and there is no additional transformer loss.And before and after the photovoltaic system installation,there was no significant change in the total monthly data difference between the total meter and the sub-meter.

Impact of PV Distributed Generation on Loop Distribution Network

The rapid spreading of the Photovoltaic (PV) Systems as Distributed Generation (DG) in medium and low voltage networks created many effects and changes on the existing power system networks. In this work, two methods have been used and applied to determine the optimal allocation and sizing of the PV to be installed as DGs (ranging from 250 kW up to 3 MW). The first one is to determine the location according to the maximal power losses reduction over the feeder. The second one is by using the Harmony Search Algorithm which is claimed to be a powerful technique for optimal allocation of PV systems. The results of the two techniques were compared and found to be nearly closed. Furthermore, investigation on the effects on the feeder in terms of voltage levels, power factor readings, and short circuit current levels has been done. All calculations and simulations are conducted by using the MATLAB Simulation Program. Some field calculations and observations have been expended in order to substantiate the research findings and validation.

Availability, Performance and Reliability Evaluation for PV Distributed Generation

Nowadays, renewable energy resources play an important role in replacing conventional energy resources such as fossil fuel by integrating solar, wind and geothermal energy. Photovoltaic energy is one?of?the very promising renewable energy resources which grew rapidly in the past few years, it can be used to produce electric energy through photovoltaic process. The primary objective of the research proposed in this paper is to facilitate the increasing penetration levels of PV systems in the electric distribution networks. In this work, the PV module electrical model is presented based on the mathematical equations and was implemented on MATLAB to simulate the non-linear characteristics I-V and P-V curves with variable input parameters which are irradiance and temperature based on Riyadh region. In addition, the reliability evaluation of distribution networks, including distributed generators of solar photovoltaic (PV) with varying output power capacity is presented also. The Monte Carlo simulation algorithm is applied to test the distribution network which is RBTS Bus 2 and the same has been conducted on the original case of distribution network substation 7029 which is located at KSA Riyadh. The two distribution networks have been modified to include the PV’s distributed generators. The distributed generators contribute to supply a part of the load during normal mode and supply the entire load during component failure or failure of grid operation supply. The PV stochastic models have been used to simulate the randomness of these resources. Moreover, the study shows that the implementation and integration of renewable resources as distributed generations have improved the reliability of the distribution networks.

Interpretation and revision proposals of GB/T 29319-2012,Technical requirements for connecting photovoltaic power system to distribution network

In the context of clean and Low-carbon energy transformation and new power system,China^photovoltaic power generation will usher in great development.Its large-scale access impacts the safe and stable operation of the power grid with increasing significance.In order to strengthen the support and Leading roles of the standards,it is urgent to revise the national standard GB/T 29319-2012,Technical requirements for connecting photovoltaic power system to distribution network,based on the current development trend of photovoltaic power generation and power grid transformation needs.This paper firstly interprets the important technical provisions of the standard,then analyzes the problems in its implementation and finally proposes some revision suggestions in terms of grid adaptability,power control and fault crossing,to facilitate safe and orderly development of photovoltaic power generation in China.

考虑分布式光伏发电特性的CHPV组合优化调度

近年来光伏装机容量逐年提升,为进一步提高光伏的消纳能力,满足居民的电热需求,本文首先分析分布式光伏的发电特性,提出一种由微型热电联供机组和光伏机组的组合机组,简称CHPV组合,构建以运行成本最低为目标的CHPV组合优化模型,采用K-means聚类方法对某地一年的光伏数据进行聚类,生成3个典型的光伏出力场景并代入CHPV组合优化模型中,采用Cplex对本文所提模型进行仿真验证。结果表明,本文所构建的CHPV组合可有效满足居民不同季节下的电热需求和提高光伏的消纳能力。

The analysis of distributed photovoltaic access system schemes

As the share of photovoltaic power generation in power system has increased year by year, the optimization choice of access system schemes become one of the first and most important problems in grid before admitting photovoltaic power generation. Therefore, this article takes a proposed distributed photovoltaic as an example to research and analyze two kinds of high density multiple access points distributed photovoltaic access system schemes. The emphasis is making a comprehensive comparison and selection among the aspect of active power loss and economic benefit, etc. In the premise of ensuring the normal power generation of the photovoltaic system, it puts forward the recommended scheme that can help to spontaneous self-consumption, elimination on the spot, effectively decrease network loss and economic benefit.

数据驱动的光伏低压台区储能优化配置策略

针对光伏低压台区存在的弃光、电压越限、三相不平衡以及拓扑和线路参数未知等问题,提出数据驱动的光伏低压台区储能优化配置策略。首先,基于历史数据,构建台区节点电压-功率三相线性模型,并通过最小二乘法估算模型参数;然后,基于台区三相线性模型,建立储能优化配置模型,并利用大M法将模型转换为混合整数线性规划问题求解。算例结果表明,该策略可在台区拓扑未知条件下进行储能优化配置,并能有效提升台区的光伏消纳水平和电压质量。

含分布式PV的配电网功率方向纵联保护方案

随着太阳能应用技术的进步和国家政策扶持力度的加大,越来越多的分布式光伏电源并入配电网中,对原有的配电网保护造成了巨大的影响。文章通过分析光伏并网对配电网保护的影响,根据已有的解决方案,并结合光伏自身输出的周期性、随机性和间歇性,提出了一种引入电流量的功率方向纵联保护方案,对不同线路的保护进行了完善,并在PSCAD/EMTDC软件中进行了仿真验证。结果表明,该保护方案不受光伏运行方式的影响而可靠地进行保护动作,在实践中具有可行性。

某机修工程光储直柔系统方案探讨

在分析光储直柔系统原理基础上,以某新建机修工程智慧低碳建筑为例,构建光储直柔微网系统和光储充微网系统,并对两种方案进行设计对比分析探讨,以实现新能源的更好利用。

Distributed Photovoltaic Real-Time Output Estimation Based on Graph Convolutional Networks

The rapid growth of distributed photovoltaic(PV)has remarkable influence for the safe and economic operation of power systems.In view of the wide geographical distribution and a large number of distributed PV power stations,the current situation is that it is dificult to access the current dispatch data network.According to the temporal and spatial characteristics of distributed PV,a graph convolution algorithm based on adaptive learning of adjacency matrix is proposed to estimate the real-time output of distributed PV in regional power grid.The actual case study shows that the adaptive graph convolution model gives different adjacency matrixes for different PV stations,which makes the corresponding output estimation algorithm have higher accuracy.

分布式光伏集群功率短期预测的空间互补特性初探

随着分布式光伏装机容量的快速增长,分布式光伏集群功率预测对电网调度的影响日益增强。分布式光伏集群功率预测存在“先累加后预测”“先预测后累加”以及“先聚类再预测”3种技术路线。通过在含600多个分布式光伏站点实测功率数据集上的实验发现,分布式光伏集群功率预测存在“空间互补”现象,即3类集群预测路线得到的预测误差相比于单个场站的平均预测误差都有所降低。为了探究空间互补现象的产生机理及影响因素,首先从机理分析的角度将其归纳为“出力曲线互补”和“预测误差互补”两类空间互补特性。然后,提出了“空间互补系数”这一概念,对互补效果进行量化评估。最后,探究了集群规模、分布范围、天气类型和聚类簇数4种因素对空间互补特性的影响。结果表明,两类空间互补特性对分布式光伏集群短期功率预测精度提升效果显著,且预测误差互补在精度上优于出力曲线互补。研究结果可为分布式光伏集群划分提供依据,有助于实现更加高效且准确的功率预测。

基于调节函数的含光伏电源配电网电压越限识别研究

针对现有方法未能明确电压越限的全部有效供电路径,导致配电网电压越限抑制识别时存在实时性较差、抑制效果不明显的问题,因此,研究基于调节函数的含光伏电源配电网电压越限识别,以提升含光伏电源配电网电压越限识别的实时性及有效性。首先利用光伏电源物理机理构建光伏电源外特性模型,基于该模型在Matlab/Simulink软件中搭建光伏电源仿真模型;依据含光伏电源配电网功率关系计算接入光伏前与接入光伏后并网点电压的变化量,并对电压越限机理进行分析,从而进行含光伏电源配电网等值电路设计;明确电压越限的全部有效供电路径,利用调节函数从大至小排序建立含光伏电源配电网电压越限调节策略候选集,并在调节策略候选集内选取候选策略以实现电压越限识别。实例分析结果表明,采用该方法可在较少的迭代次数以及执行时间内有效将存在越限的含光伏电源配电网电压调节至正常状态,实用性高。

分布式光伏发电项目经济性及政策效果分析

分析了分布式光伏发电项目的经济性及相关政策的效果,探讨了项目的成本、收益、投资回报期以及政策对这些经济指标的具体影响。通过建立初始结构模型,详细评估了上网电价模式、税收、补贴和融资等政策工具的实施效果,并对政策数据来源、模型评估与检验过程进行了系统的阐述。研究结果表明:相应的政策工具对于降低项目成本、缩短投资回报期、扩大项目规模以及提高电力消纳能力具有显著作用,为政策优化和项目决策提供了有力的数据支持。

Cooperative Voltage Control Method by Residential PV Systems in Distribution System

Recently, the number of system interconnection of the renewable energy such as PV （photovoltaic） generation system and wind power generation system has been increasing drastically. A distribution system with the distributed generation must be operated keeping reliability of power supply and power quality. When high-capacity PV systems are interconnected to the distribution system, the system voltages may be deviated from the upper limit or lower limit of proper voltage in the distribution system. In this study, the authors propose a cooperative voltage control method of the distribution system by the power factor control of plural residential PV systems. In order to verify the validity of the proposal method, the numerical calculations are carried out by using an analytical model of distribution system which interconnected residential PV systems.

Examination for Experimental Verification of Improvement of Power Quality in Distribution System by PCS

In the future, the power quality will decrease by the introduction of a lot of renewable energy sources. The topic of this research is a new method of operation of PCS （power conditioning systems） in the future distribution system. The purpose of this research is development of PCS with a function of improvement of the distribution system. Therefore, the authors propose a method of the power quality improvement of the distribution system by PCS. In addition, the authors construct the control logic to use in PCS The control logic suggests adding harmonic restraint function to conventional control. These were verified by simulation and an experiment. As the results, we confirmed that basic operation of PCS being carried out, harmonics were restrained, and power quality had improved.

基于配网运行裕度的光伏最佳接入容量评估

合理的光伏安装方案有利于降低配电系统的供电成本和提高能源利用率,因此需要根据供电经济性指标确定配网中分布式光伏的最佳接入容量。提出一种基于配网运行裕度的光伏最佳接入容量评估方法。该方法利用配网运行裕度信息,把高维的光伏多节点并网优化问题降至1维的光伏总接入容量优化,且利用分布式调度实现了不同主体的协同运行。通过对改进的IEEE 33节点系统开展算例分析发现,根据所提方法确定的光伏最佳接入容量超过了配网最大负荷与线路容量之和,为高比例分布式光伏接入配电网奠定了理论基础。