This paper proposes a method for optimal placement of synchronized PMUs （phasor measurement units） in electrical power systems using a MCGA （modified canonical genetic algorithm）, which the goal is to determine th...This paper proposes a method for optimal placement of synchronized PMUs （phasor measurement units） in electrical power systems using a MCGA （modified canonical genetic algorithm）, which the goal is to determine the minimum number of PMUs, as well as the optimal location of these units to ensure the complete topological observability of the system. In case of more than one solution, a strategy of analysis of the design matrix rank is applied to determine the solution with the lower number of critical measurements. In the proposed method of placement, modifications are made in the crossover and mutation genetic operators, as well as in the formation of the subpopulation, and are considered restrictive hypotheses in the search space to improve the performance in solving the optimization problem. Simulations are performed using the IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus and New England 39-bus test systems. The proposed method is applied on the IEEE 118-bus test system considering the presence of observable zones formed by conventional measurements.展开更多
Phasor Measurement Units(PMUs)provide Global Positioning System(GPS)time-stamped synchronized measurements of voltage and current with the phase angle of the system at certain points along with the grid system.Those s...Phasor Measurement Units(PMUs)provide Global Positioning System(GPS)time-stamped synchronized measurements of voltage and current with the phase angle of the system at certain points along with the grid system.Those synchronized data measurements are extracted in the form of amplitude and phase from various locations of the power grid to monitor and control the power system condition.A PMU device is a crucial part of the power equipment in terms of the cost and operative point of view.However,such ongoing development and improvement to PMUs’principal work are essential to the network operators to enhance the grid quality and the operating expenses.This paper introduces a proposed method that led to lowcost and less complex techniques to optimize the performance of PMU using Second-Order Kalman Filter.It is based on the Asyncrhophasor technique resulting in a phase error minimization when receiving the signal from an access point or from the main access point.The MATLAB model has been created to implement the proposed method in the presence of Gaussian and non-Gaussian.The results have shown the proposed method which is Second-Order Kalman Filter outperforms the existing model.The results were tested usingMean Square Error(MSE).The proposed Second-Order Kalman Filter method has been replaced with a synchronization unit into thePMUstructure to clarify the significance of the proposed new PMU.展开更多
高渗透率新能源波动下系统动态频率预测是实现受端网络频率安全态势感知的基础。该文提出一种基于混合量测和物理状态方程联合驱动的新能源电力系统双向树状长短期记忆网络(combined equation-of-state-driven and data-driven bi-direc...高渗透率新能源波动下系统动态频率预测是实现受端网络频率安全态势感知的基础。该文提出一种基于混合量测和物理状态方程联合驱动的新能源电力系统双向树状长短期记忆网络(combined equation-of-state-driven and data-driven bi-directional tree-struct long short term memory,CEOSD-BITREE-LSTM)动态频率预测方法。首先,引入双层多头注意力图神经网络,提出考虑同步相量测量单元(synchronous phasor measurement unit,PMU)和数据采集与监视控制系统装置(supervisory control and data acquisition,SCADA)量测差异性和时序同步性的混合量测融合策略;其次,依据PMU密集采样特性,建立计及源网荷物理联系的线性时变状态方程,刻画物理-数据空间的频率特征交互关系;然后,考虑新能源出力、负荷波动等不确定因素,结合以PMU并行搜索调频资源形成的拓扑结构,构建CEOSD-BITREE-LSTM动态频率预测模型,实现系统频率态势的高精度预测。最后,以改进新英格兰10机39节点、三区互联系统为算例,验证该文所提方法的可行性和有效性。展开更多
With the application of phasor measurement units(PMU)in the distribution system,it is expected that the performance of the distribution system state estimation can be improved obviously with the PMU measurements into ...With the application of phasor measurement units(PMU)in the distribution system,it is expected that the performance of the distribution system state estimation can be improved obviously with the PMU measurements into consideration.How to appropriately place the PMUs in the distribution is therefore become an important issue due to the economical consideration.According to the concept of efficient frontier,a value-at-risk based approach is proposed to make optimal placement of PMU taking account of the uncertainty of measure errors,statistical characteristics of the pseudo measurements,and reliability of the measurement instrument.The reasonability and feasibility of the proposed model is illustrated with 12-node system and IEEE-33 node system.Simulation results indicated that uncertainties of measurement error and instrument fault result in more PMU to be installed,and measurement uncertainty is the main affect factor unless the fault rate of PMU is quite high.展开更多
文摘This paper proposes a method for optimal placement of synchronized PMUs （phasor measurement units） in electrical power systems using a MCGA （modified canonical genetic algorithm）, which the goal is to determine the minimum number of PMUs, as well as the optimal location of these units to ensure the complete topological observability of the system. In case of more than one solution, a strategy of analysis of the design matrix rank is applied to determine the solution with the lower number of critical measurements. In the proposed method of placement, modifications are made in the crossover and mutation genetic operators, as well as in the formation of the subpopulation, and are considered restrictive hypotheses in the search space to improve the performance in solving the optimization problem. Simulations are performed using the IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus and New England 39-bus test systems. The proposed method is applied on the IEEE 118-bus test system considering the presence of observable zones formed by conventional measurements.
文摘Phasor Measurement Units(PMUs)provide Global Positioning System(GPS)time-stamped synchronized measurements of voltage and current with the phase angle of the system at certain points along with the grid system.Those synchronized data measurements are extracted in the form of amplitude and phase from various locations of the power grid to monitor and control the power system condition.A PMU device is a crucial part of the power equipment in terms of the cost and operative point of view.However,such ongoing development and improvement to PMUs’principal work are essential to the network operators to enhance the grid quality and the operating expenses.This paper introduces a proposed method that led to lowcost and less complex techniques to optimize the performance of PMU using Second-Order Kalman Filter.It is based on the Asyncrhophasor technique resulting in a phase error minimization when receiving the signal from an access point or from the main access point.The MATLAB model has been created to implement the proposed method in the presence of Gaussian and non-Gaussian.The results have shown the proposed method which is Second-Order Kalman Filter outperforms the existing model.The results were tested usingMean Square Error(MSE).The proposed Second-Order Kalman Filter method has been replaced with a synchronization unit into thePMUstructure to clarify the significance of the proposed new PMU.
文摘高渗透率新能源波动下系统动态频率预测是实现受端网络频率安全态势感知的基础。该文提出一种基于混合量测和物理状态方程联合驱动的新能源电力系统双向树状长短期记忆网络(combined equation-of-state-driven and data-driven bi-directional tree-struct long short term memory,CEOSD-BITREE-LSTM)动态频率预测方法。首先,引入双层多头注意力图神经网络,提出考虑同步相量测量单元(synchronous phasor measurement unit,PMU)和数据采集与监视控制系统装置(supervisory control and data acquisition,SCADA)量测差异性和时序同步性的混合量测融合策略;其次,依据PMU密集采样特性,建立计及源网荷物理联系的线性时变状态方程,刻画物理-数据空间的频率特征交互关系;然后,考虑新能源出力、负荷波动等不确定因素,结合以PMU并行搜索调频资源形成的拓扑结构,构建CEOSD-BITREE-LSTM动态频率预测模型,实现系统频率态势的高精度预测。最后,以改进新英格兰10机39节点、三区互联系统为算例,验证该文所提方法的可行性和有效性。
基金The author Min Liu received the grant of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/)(51967004).
文摘With the application of phasor measurement units(PMU)in the distribution system,it is expected that the performance of the distribution system state estimation can be improved obviously with the PMU measurements into consideration.How to appropriately place the PMUs in the distribution is therefore become an important issue due to the economical consideration.According to the concept of efficient frontier,a value-at-risk based approach is proposed to make optimal placement of PMU taking account of the uncertainty of measure errors,statistical characteristics of the pseudo measurements,and reliability of the measurement instrument.The reasonability and feasibility of the proposed model is illustrated with 12-node system and IEEE-33 node system.Simulation results indicated that uncertainties of measurement error and instrument fault result in more PMU to be installed,and measurement uncertainty is the main affect factor unless the fault rate of PMU is quite high.
