Coordination of the aerial servey, the author carried ground census on the population size of Red-crowned crane(Grus japonensis) in Khanka Lakes District from 1984 to 1986. According to the census in spring of 1984, t...Coordination of the aerial servey, the author carried ground census on the population size of Red-crowned crane(Grus japonensis) in Khanka Lakes District from 1984 to 1986. According to the census in spring of 1984, the total number of Red-crowned crane is 72 individuals and 20 nests. So that this ground census has recorded 59 individuals more than the aerial survey of 13 individuals, and the percentage of nesting individuals in this flock is 55.6%, which is obviously higher than 36.9% of the average ratio in China. After this, in fall of 1984 and in spring of 1985 and 1986, we repeated the same censuses three times in the same districts, the results indicated that the flock of the crane in Khanka Lakes District is stable basically, but some individuals interchange with opposite flock of USSR because of gcgraphical adjoin.So, we believe this flock in China and that flock in USSR belong to the same population and suggest two countries should act in concert to studing on this population in future. Meanwhile, the aerial servey cooperate with ground census, it is the best way for reducing missing crane and achieving to high precision of census. From this, total number of Red-crowned crane in China is 542 individuals (483+59 ind ividuals).展开更多
Acid Rock Drainage (ARD) is a well-known problem related to the mining industry due to its hazardous environmental effects. Metal-rich drainage and acid effluent transmitted from mine waste dumps compromise environmen...Acid Rock Drainage (ARD) is a well-known problem related to the mining industry due to its hazardous environmental effects. Metal-rich drainage and acid effluent transmitted from mine waste dumps compromise environmental quality of groundwater and surface water systems destroying aquatic life and increasing human health risks. This study was aimed at assessing the acid and metal drainage potential from the Subriso East Rock Dump (SERD) located in the Wassa East district of Ghana on ground and surface water quality in the catchment using a system of monitoring boreholes, reference boreholes and river samples. Water samples were collected from deep and shallow monitoring boreholes and surface water within the immediate environs of the SERD from August 2012 to February 2013 for laboratory and statistical analysis. Parameters analyzed include sulphate, alkalinity, Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Aluminum (Al), Silver (Ag) and lead (Pb) and their concentrations compared with Ghana Standards Authority (GSA) GSB (2009) and WHO (2017) standards. Results indicate that surface and groundwater were not impacted by the SERD possibly because there was no generation of acid or metal-loaded effluent from the SERD into the environment. Physicochemical variables between monitoring boreholes did not differ significantly from conditions in the reference boreholes. Similarly, comparison of upstream and downstream river conditions did not yield any statistical significance (p > 0.05). Mn and Fe concentrations were above the WHO (2017)/GSB (2009) standards. Heavy metal concentrations in surface and groundwater were below detection limits except manganese and iron whose concentrations exceeded the recommended guidelines. No significant environmental impacts exist that could be attributed to the waste rock dump and may be as a result of engineering designs and mechanisms which prevent acid generated water from reaching the external environment. Furthermore, the geology of the study area potentially could be slightly inert having the potential to generate ARD under appropriate conditions. Again, the young age of the waste rock dump is a factor that may contribute to ARD generation under appropriate condition. Routine monitoring of groundwater and surface water sources is required to determine future acid generation of the SERD and its environmental impacts. The results of this study will assist decision makers and environmental managers to plan effectively to mitigate future impacts as mining waste rock dumps are known to increase in acid generation potential with age.展开更多
文摘Coordination of the aerial servey, the author carried ground census on the population size of Red-crowned crane(Grus japonensis) in Khanka Lakes District from 1984 to 1986. According to the census in spring of 1984, the total number of Red-crowned crane is 72 individuals and 20 nests. So that this ground census has recorded 59 individuals more than the aerial survey of 13 individuals, and the percentage of nesting individuals in this flock is 55.6%, which is obviously higher than 36.9% of the average ratio in China. After this, in fall of 1984 and in spring of 1985 and 1986, we repeated the same censuses three times in the same districts, the results indicated that the flock of the crane in Khanka Lakes District is stable basically, but some individuals interchange with opposite flock of USSR because of gcgraphical adjoin.So, we believe this flock in China and that flock in USSR belong to the same population and suggest two countries should act in concert to studing on this population in future. Meanwhile, the aerial servey cooperate with ground census, it is the best way for reducing missing crane and achieving to high precision of census. From this, total number of Red-crowned crane in China is 542 individuals (483+59 ind ividuals).
文摘Acid Rock Drainage (ARD) is a well-known problem related to the mining industry due to its hazardous environmental effects. Metal-rich drainage and acid effluent transmitted from mine waste dumps compromise environmental quality of groundwater and surface water systems destroying aquatic life and increasing human health risks. This study was aimed at assessing the acid and metal drainage potential from the Subriso East Rock Dump (SERD) located in the Wassa East district of Ghana on ground and surface water quality in the catchment using a system of monitoring boreholes, reference boreholes and river samples. Water samples were collected from deep and shallow monitoring boreholes and surface water within the immediate environs of the SERD from August 2012 to February 2013 for laboratory and statistical analysis. Parameters analyzed include sulphate, alkalinity, Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Aluminum (Al), Silver (Ag) and lead (Pb) and their concentrations compared with Ghana Standards Authority (GSA) GSB (2009) and WHO (2017) standards. Results indicate that surface and groundwater were not impacted by the SERD possibly because there was no generation of acid or metal-loaded effluent from the SERD into the environment. Physicochemical variables between monitoring boreholes did not differ significantly from conditions in the reference boreholes. Similarly, comparison of upstream and downstream river conditions did not yield any statistical significance (p > 0.05). Mn and Fe concentrations were above the WHO (2017)/GSB (2009) standards. Heavy metal concentrations in surface and groundwater were below detection limits except manganese and iron whose concentrations exceeded the recommended guidelines. No significant environmental impacts exist that could be attributed to the waste rock dump and may be as a result of engineering designs and mechanisms which prevent acid generated water from reaching the external environment. Furthermore, the geology of the study area potentially could be slightly inert having the potential to generate ARD under appropriate conditions. Again, the young age of the waste rock dump is a factor that may contribute to ARD generation under appropriate condition. Routine monitoring of groundwater and surface water sources is required to determine future acid generation of the SERD and its environmental impacts. The results of this study will assist decision makers and environmental managers to plan effectively to mitigate future impacts as mining waste rock dumps are known to increase in acid generation potential with age.
