A STA Current-Constrained Control for PMSM Speed Regulation System with Function Disturbance Observer

The non-cascade permanent magnet synchronous motor control system has the advantages of simple structure and less adjustable parameters,but the non-cascade structure needs to solve the problem of over-current protection.In this paper,a current constrained control method is used to limit the starting current to a safe range.At the same time,to ensure the robustness and rapidity of the system,a super twist current constraint controller(CCSTA)is generated by combining super twist algorithm(STA)with current constraint control;Considering the diversity of internal and external disturbances,a functional disturbance observer(FDOB)is proposed to compensate the matched and unmatched disturbances,which further improves the robustness of the system.

Calculation of earth pressure based on disturbed state concept theory

The theoretical formulations of Coulomb and Rankine still remain as the fundamental approaches to the analysis of most gravity-type retaining wall,with the assumption that sufficient lateral yield will occur to mobilize fully limited conditions behind the wall.The effects of the magnitude of wall movements and different wall-movement modes are not taken into consideration.The disturbance of backfill is considered to be related to the wall movement under translation mode.On the basis of disturbed state concept(DSC),a general disturbance function was proposed which ranged from-1 to 1.The disturbance variables could be determined from the measured wall movements.A novel approach that related to disturbed degree and the mobilized internal frictional angle of the backfill was also derived.A calculation method benefited from Rankine's theory and the proposed approach was established to predict the magnitude and distribution of earth pressure from the cohesionless backfill under translation mode.The predicted results,including the magnitude and distribution of earth pressure,show good agreement with those of the model test and the finite element method.In addition,the disturbance parameter b was also discussed.

Determination of a Numerical Analysis Algorithm for the Regulation of Blood Sugar in Diabetics

Acceptable glycemic control when examining the effects of meals was achieved when combining basal insulin therapy and high concentration insulin injection before a meal, when using a PID controller (Proportionality, Integrity and Derivative actions) alone, when using a PID controller with basal insulin therapy and when combining the three methods of insulin delivery. Naturally, a type 1 diabetic must inject himself with insulin in well-measured doses. Thus, the management and control of diabetes become a complex task when one must be considered the disturbance due to nutrition and sports activity. This concern has been at the center of much research through different approaches through mathematical methods and Artificial Intelligence methods. This article simulates a physiological model of glycemic control in type 1 diabetics by a PID regulatory mechanism, in the context of disturbances caused by the patient’s meals and athletic activity.

Dynamical models for secular evolution of navigation satellites

In this work,two dynamical models are formulated to describe the secular dynamics of navigation satellites moving in the medium Earth orbit(MEO)and geosynchronous orbit(GSO)regions.In the dynamical models,the leading terms of the Earth’s oblateness and the luni-solar gravitational perturbations are considered.For convenience,the orbits of the Sun and the Moon are described in the geocentric ecliptic reference frame,where the regression of nodal line and precession of apsidal line of the lunar orbit can be approximated as linear functions of time.The disturbing function acting on navigation satellites is analytically averaged over the mean motions of both the satellite and the third body(the Sun or the Moon).Explicit expressions of the averaged disturbing function are provided in the geocentric ecliptic and equatorial reference frames,corresponding to averaged model 1 and averaged model 2,respectively.It is found that there are seven resonant arguments in averaged model 1,while there are thirty-two resonant arguments in averaged model 2.The associated resonance curves corresponding to these resonant arguments in each model form the dynamical backbone in the phase space,organizing secular behavior of navigation satellites.At last,the averaged models are numerically compared to the associated non-averaged model,and simulation results indicate that(a)the averaged models formulated in the geocentric ecliptic and equatorial reference frames are identical,and(b)both of these two averaged models are applicable in predicting secular behavior of navigation satellites.

Winners and losers among tree species in Xishuangbanna: which traits are most important?

Massive human interference in natural ecosystems is resulting in a few ＂winners＂ and many ＂losers＂. However, the drivers of this winner-loser replacement pattern remain poorly understood. The aim of the study reported here was to identify winners among the tree flora of Xishuangbanna and compare their functional traits, specific leaf area （SLA）, wood density （WD）, seed mass （SM） and maximum height （MH） with previously identified losers （i.e., endangered species）. Fifteen native tree species were identified as winners from expert opinion, plot-based surveys of secondary forests and plotless surveys along roads. Twelve endangered tree species for which trait information could be obtained were used for comparison. Traits were compared with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Winners had significantly higher SLA, but lower WD. SM and MH did not differ significantly between groups. When the effects of phylogeny were removed by using phylogenetic generalized least squares, the difference in SLA became marginally insignificant. Principal component analysis resulted in two overlapping groups, showing that the selected traits were insufficient to distinguish winners and losers. Our results suggest that the ＂few winners, many losers＂ paradigm applies to trees in Xishuangbanna, with15 species accounting for most trees in the disturbed habitats sampled.

Global Disturbance Rejection of Switched Nonlinear Systems with Switched Internal Model

This paper investigates the problem of global disturbance rejection for a class of switched nonlinear systems where the solvability of the disturbance rejection problem for subsystems is not assumed. The disturbances are assumed to be sinusoidal with completely unknown frequencies, phases and amplitudes. First, as an extension of the classic concept of internal model for non-switched systems, a switched internal model is proposed. Second, in order to solve the problem under study, an adaptive control method is established on the basis of the multiple Lyapunov functions method. Also,adaptive state-feedback controllers of subsystems are designed and incorporated with a switching law to asymptotically reject the unknown disturbances. Finally, an example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.