A conceptual treatment of the mechanisms involved in the process of toxicosis by diverse agents in different tissues indicate a likely unspecific, common, central process in addition to specific precipitating factors ...A conceptual treatment of the mechanisms involved in the process of toxicosis by diverse agents in different tissues indicate a likely unspecific, common, central process in addition to specific precipitating factors acting on a particular site in a cascade of events. Free radicals, membrane functions and calcium functions appear to be links in the common pathway. Such a central mechanism could be interrelated with immunological defenses as well as genotoxic changes at different sites, suggesting parallel or related evolution of these antistress mechanisms. Many radical scavengers, antioxidants, membrane stabilizers, nutritional supplements and calcium modulators have proved beneficial either in reducing toxic impact, delaying the development of lesions or even reversing the effects. Similarly, recent evidences show that some immunomodulators can act as antioxidants and antigenotoxicants. Thus, the status of body defenses which may vary from one individual to the other have a role in deciding the effects under the same quantified risks with varying relative responses. Whether modulation of physiological defenses against stress could help in developing prophylactic measures remains an open question.展开更多
It is essential to establish a consensus about the logical link between the"Chinese nation"and its 56 ethnic groups to comprehend and conceptualise the country's history.This idea draws upon Fei Xiaotong...It is essential to establish a consensus about the logical link between the"Chinese nation"and its 56 ethnic groups to comprehend and conceptualise the country's history.This idea draws upon Fei Xiaotong's concept of the"unity in diversity"of the Chinese people as a theoretical underpinning and general framework.The natural geographic environment has matured the Chinese country,with the Han people evolving as a coherent core via economic complementarity and demographic exchanges with neighbouring nomadic groups.How the"unity in diversity pattern"changed throughout the twenty-five dynasty histories demonstrates how a purposefully united national entity emerged in the modern age,defying pressure from the West."You are in me,and I am in you"(你中有我,我中有你)is a national feature of China that represents a common destiny and connection.展开更多
Within cultural globalization there exist two distinct approaches, each with its built-in logic： the logic of a globalized culture promoted by one country and that of a globalized culture defined by many countries on...Within cultural globalization there exist two distinct approaches, each with its built-in logic： the logic of a globalized culture promoted by one country and that of a globalized culture defined by many countries on the basis of consultations and exchanges on an equal footing. As a result of the present unequal world economic and political order, the former has become the keynote of the process of cultural globalization. Establishing a flee and equal globalized culture requires the guidance of socialist ideology to change the unjust global economic and political order. Globalized culture is neither homogeneous nor heterogeneous; it is a diversified unified whole or a unity within diversity.展开更多
Nigeria is home to over 500 languages(Lewis,2009),accounting for 25%of languages spoken in Africa.Most have never been documented.28 languages are listed in the UNESCO Atlas of Endangered Languages as endangered.In ad...Nigeria is home to over 500 languages(Lewis,2009),accounting for 25%of languages spoken in Africa.Most have never been documented.28 languages are listed in the UNESCO Atlas of Endangered Languages as endangered.In addition to these indigenous languages,there are three other foreign languages:English,French and Arabic,which have become part of the system over the years.English as the language of official communication,has a prominent place in the system.French was made Nigeria’s second official language since 1996 by General Sani Abacha’s regime,even though this has not been duly implemented.Arabic is connected to Islamic education,and it is used extensively in the northern parts of the country.Nigeria also has recognized three languages:Hausa,Yoruba and Igbo as‘major’languages,which attract a lot of government patronage,as opposed to the‘minor’languages,which have not attracted much government attention as they are very many.The Nigerian linguistic situation is therefore diverse,fragmented and chaotic.This linguistic situation has created a complex system which has engendered varied identities,leading to several crises in different areas.How can‘Unity in Diversity’be achieved in Nigeria?This paper explores the role of Nigerian languages in identity formation and the crises arising in different sectors of the Nigerian society.The identity crises explored here are:linguistic,political,ethnic and educational;and these are addressed within the framework of Social Identity Theory(SIT)proposed by Tajfel and Turner(1979,2004).These crises marginalize,exclude and disempower certain groups and individuals in the society.A dual model of language programme is proposed for the Basic level of education to deal with these issues.展开更多
文摘A conceptual treatment of the mechanisms involved in the process of toxicosis by diverse agents in different tissues indicate a likely unspecific, common, central process in addition to specific precipitating factors acting on a particular site in a cascade of events. Free radicals, membrane functions and calcium functions appear to be links in the common pathway. Such a central mechanism could be interrelated with immunological defenses as well as genotoxic changes at different sites, suggesting parallel or related evolution of these antistress mechanisms. Many radical scavengers, antioxidants, membrane stabilizers, nutritional supplements and calcium modulators have proved beneficial either in reducing toxic impact, delaying the development of lesions or even reversing the effects. Similarly, recent evidences show that some immunomodulators can act as antioxidants and antigenotoxicants. Thus, the status of body defenses which may vary from one individual to the other have a role in deciding the effects under the same quantified risks with varying relative responses. Whether modulation of physiological defenses against stress could help in developing prophylactic measures remains an open question.
文摘It is essential to establish a consensus about the logical link between the"Chinese nation"and its 56 ethnic groups to comprehend and conceptualise the country's history.This idea draws upon Fei Xiaotong's concept of the"unity in diversity"of the Chinese people as a theoretical underpinning and general framework.The natural geographic environment has matured the Chinese country,with the Han people evolving as a coherent core via economic complementarity and demographic exchanges with neighbouring nomadic groups.How the"unity in diversity pattern"changed throughout the twenty-five dynasty histories demonstrates how a purposefully united national entity emerged in the modern age,defying pressure from the West."You are in me,and I am in you"(你中有我,我中有你)is a national feature of China that represents a common destiny and connection.
文摘Within cultural globalization there exist two distinct approaches, each with its built-in logic： the logic of a globalized culture promoted by one country and that of a globalized culture defined by many countries on the basis of consultations and exchanges on an equal footing. As a result of the present unequal world economic and political order, the former has become the keynote of the process of cultural globalization. Establishing a flee and equal globalized culture requires the guidance of socialist ideology to change the unjust global economic and political order. Globalized culture is neither homogeneous nor heterogeneous; it is a diversified unified whole or a unity within diversity.
文摘Nigeria is home to over 500 languages(Lewis,2009),accounting for 25%of languages spoken in Africa.Most have never been documented.28 languages are listed in the UNESCO Atlas of Endangered Languages as endangered.In addition to these indigenous languages,there are three other foreign languages:English,French and Arabic,which have become part of the system over the years.English as the language of official communication,has a prominent place in the system.French was made Nigeria’s second official language since 1996 by General Sani Abacha’s regime,even though this has not been duly implemented.Arabic is connected to Islamic education,and it is used extensively in the northern parts of the country.Nigeria also has recognized three languages:Hausa,Yoruba and Igbo as‘major’languages,which attract a lot of government patronage,as opposed to the‘minor’languages,which have not attracted much government attention as they are very many.The Nigerian linguistic situation is therefore diverse,fragmented and chaotic.This linguistic situation has created a complex system which has engendered varied identities,leading to several crises in different areas.How can‘Unity in Diversity’be achieved in Nigeria?This paper explores the role of Nigerian languages in identity formation and the crises arising in different sectors of the Nigerian society.The identity crises explored here are:linguistic,political,ethnic and educational;and these are addressed within the framework of Social Identity Theory(SIT)proposed by Tajfel and Turner(1979,2004).These crises marginalize,exclude and disempower certain groups and individuals in the society.A dual model of language programme is proposed for the Basic level of education to deal with these issues.
