A Review of Contact Electrification at Diversified Interfaces and Related Applications on Triboelectric Nanogenerator

The triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)can effectively collect energy based on contact electrification(CE)at diverse interfaces,including solid–solid,liquid–solid,liquid–liquid,gas–solid,and gas–liquid.This enables energy harvesting from sources such as water,wind,and sound.In this review,we provide an overview of the coexistence of electron and ion transfer in the CE process.We elucidate the diverse dominant mechanisms observed at different interfaces and emphasize the interconnectedness and complementary nature of interface studies.The review also offers a comprehensive summary of the factors influencing charge transfer and the advancements in interfacial modification techniques.Additionally,we highlight the wide range of applications stemming from the distinctive characteristics of charge transfer at various interfaces.Finally,this review elucidates the future opportunities and challenges that interface CE may encounter.We anticipate that this review can offer valuable insights for future research on interface CE and facilitate the continued development and industrialization of TENG.

Patient satisfaction and follow-up adherence to glaucoma case management clinic in China

AIM:To assess glaucoma patient satisfaction and follow-up adherence in case management and identify associated predictors to improve healthcare quality and patient outcomes.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,a total of 119 patients completed a Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18 and a sociodemographic questionnaire.Clinical data was obtained from the case management system.Follow-up adherence was defined as completing each follow-up within±30d of the scheduled time set by ophthalmologists during the study period.RESULTS:Average satisfaction scored 78.65±7,with an average of 4.39±0.58 across the seven dimensions.Age negatively correlated with satisfaction(P=0.008),whilst patients with follow-up duration of 2 or more years reported higher satisfaction(P=0.045).Multivariate logistics regression analysis revealed that longer follow-up durations were associated with lower follow-up adherence(OR=0.97,95%CI,0.95-1.00,P=0.044).Additionally,patients with suspected glaucoma(OR=2.72,95%CI,1.03-7.20,P=0.044)and those with an annual income over 100000 Chinese yuan demonstrated higher adherence(OR=5.57,95%CI,1.00-30.89,P=0.049).CONCLUSION:The case management model proves effective for glaucoma patients,with positive adherence rates.The implementation of this model can be optimized in the future based on the identified factors and extended to glaucoma patients in more hospitals.

Design of Diversified Intelligent Control System for Energy-saving Optimization of Solar Greenhouse in North China

Intelligent greenhouse can promote the development of modern agriculture, realize the high quality and high yield of crops, and also bring greater economic benefits. In accordance with the climate conditions in northwest China, a set of intelligent control system for diversified environment of solar greenhouse was designed. The system divides the annual greenhouse control into six stages according to the optimal energy saving. It uses modern detection technology to collect the greenhouse environmental temperature, environmental humidity, soil humidity, CO_(2) concentration and illumination parameters under different working modes. It uses programmable logic control technology to realize the data processing of various parameters and the action control of rolling film, wet curtain fan and other actuators. It uses KingView monitoring software to realize the monitoring and manual control of greenhouse environment parameters. The operation results indicate that the control system runs stably and basically meets the control requirements.

Loss to Specialized Cardiology Follow-Up in Adults Living with Congenital Heart Disease

Background:Much has been written about the loss to follow-up in the transition between pediatric and adult Congenital Heart Disease(CHD)care centers.Much less is understood about the loss to follow-up(LTF)after a successful transition.This is critical too,as patients lost to specialised care are more likely to experience mor-bidity and premature mortality.Aims:To understand the prevalence and reasons for loss to follow-up(LTF)at a large Australian Adult Congenital Heart Disease(ACHD)centre.Methods:Patients with moderate or highly complex CHD and gaps in care of>3 years(defined as LTF)were identified from a comprehensive ACHD data-base.Structured telephone interviews examined current care and barriers to clinic attendance.Results:Overall,407(22%)of ACHD patients(n=1842)were LTF.The mean age at LTF was 31(SD 11.5)years and 54%were male;311(76%)were uncontactable.Compared to adults seen regularly,lost patients were younger,with a greater socio-economic disadvantage,and had less complex CHD(p<0.05 for all).We interviewed 59 patients(14%).The top 3 responses for care absences were“feeling well”(61%),losing track of time(36%),and not needing fol-low-up care(25%).Conclusions:A large proportion of the ACHD population becomes lost to specialised cardiac care,even after a successful transition.This Australian study reports younger age,moderate complexity defects,and socio-economic disadvantage as predictive of loss to follow-up.This study highlights the need for novel approaches to patient-centered service delivery even beyond the age of transition and resources to maintain patient engagement within the ACHD service.

Diversified Teaching Method in Basic Piano Course Instruction for Higher Education Teachers

Diversified teaching plays an important role in the sustainable development of China’s basic piano course instruction for higher education teachers.A diversified curriculum system should be designed to promote the development of each student,and efforts should be made to cultivate high-quality talents who can adapt to the various needs of the society as well as to promote the reform and development of basic piano course instruction for higher education teachers.The aim of this study was to explore the teaching of basic piano course for higher education teachers based on the diversified teaching method.The teaching methods use for basic piano course were analyzed in this study,and two research methods were used to carry out the present study so as to effectively improve the operation of the diversified teaching method.Through a survey of the current situation of piano instruction in two higher education faculties,we can see that the teaching of basic piano course in higher education is still dominated by the traditional teaching method although the majority of students preferred the diversified teaching method.

Essential role of postoperative follow-up in the management of clear cell sarcoma

Clear cell sarcoma(CCS)is a rare melanocytic soft tissue sarcoma known for itspropensity to metastasize to the lymph nodes and typically has an unfavorableprognosis.Currently,surgical resection is the primary treatment for localizedCCS,while radiotherapy and chemotherapy are preferred for metastatic cases.The roles of adjuvant chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and lymph node dissection arecontroversial.Although immunotherapy has emerged as a promising avenue inCCS treatment research,there are no established clinical standards for postoperativefollow-up.This editorial discusses a recent article by Liu et al,with afocus on current diagnostic modalities,treatment approaches,and the challengingprognosis associated with CCS.Our aim is to underscore the importance of longtermpatient follow-up in CCS management.

Long-term assessment of collagenase treatment for Dupuytren’s contracture:A 10-year follow-up study

BACKGROUND Enzymatic fasciotomy with collagenase clostridium histolyticum(CCH)has revolutionized the treatment for Dupuytren’s contracture(DC).Despite its benefits,the long-term outcomes remain unclear.This study presented a comprehensive 10-year follow-up assessment of the enduring effects of CCH on patients with DC.AIM To compare the short-term(12 wk)and long-term(10 years)outcomes on CCH treatment in patients with DC.METHODS A cohort of 45 patients was treated with CCH at the metacarpophalangeal(MCP)joint and the proximal interphalangeal(PIP)joint and underwent systematic reevaluation.The study adhered to multicenter trial protocols,and assessments were conducted at 12 wk,7 years,and 10 years post-surgery.RESULTS Thirty-seven patients completed the 10-year follow-up.At 10 years,patients treated at the PIP joint exhibited a 100%recurrence.However,patients treated at the MCP joint only showed a 50%recurrence.Patient satisfaction varied,with a lower satisfaction reported in PIP joint cases.Recurrence exceeding 20 degrees on the total passive extension deficit was observed,indicating a challenge for sustained efficacy.Significant differences were noted between outcomes at the 7-year and 10-year intervals.CONCLUSION CCH demonstrated sustained efficacy when applied to the MCP joint.However,caution is warranted for CCH treatment at the PIP joint due to a high level of recurrence and low patient satisfaction.Re-intervention is needed within a decade of treatment.

Environmental Impact Assessment Follow-Up of Seismic Survey Offshore Activities in Brazil

Follow-up of environmental impacts is an integral part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, closely related to the effectiveness of the instrument. EIA follow-up has been receiving a lot of interest from scientists and practitioners, though it is recognized as one of the weakest points of EIA systems globally. Also, EIA follow-up is influenced by the context, mainly in terms of the types of projects or activities and their related impacts on the environment. Therefore, the present paper is focused on the investigation of the follow-up stage applied to the activity of seismic survey coupled with offshore oil & gas exploitation in Brazil. Research was based on a qualitative approach that included document analysis and semi-structured interviews with analysts involved in EIA processes, and sought to generate evidence of effectiveness of the EIA follow-up as conducted by the Federal Environment Agency (Ibama) in order to situate the practice of follow-up in the broader context of international best practice principles. Based on the findings, it was concluded that, due to the peculiarities of offshore seismic survey, it is necessary to promote adaptations in the procedures for monitoring impacts in order to ensure proper alignment with the principles and conceptual foundations that guide EIA practice. Specifically, the timing of the execution of the activity imposes challenges for its integration into the “conventional” cycle that has guided the monitoring of the impacts in the EIA of projects.

Species-diversified plant cover enhances orchard ecosystem resistance to climatic stress and soil erosion in subtropical hillside

Naturally occurring plants in agroecosystem evidently play an important role in ecosystem stability. Field studies on the ecological effects of native plants conserved in orchard and their resistance to adverse climatic stress, and soil erosion were conducted from 1998 to 2001 in a newly developed Changshan-huyou (Citrus changshan-huyou Y.B. Chang) orchard. The experimental area covered 150 ha in typical red soil hilly region in southeastern China. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with six combinations of twelve plant species with four replications. All species used were native in the orchard. Plots were 15×8m^2 and separated by 2m buffer strips. Precipitation, soil erosion in rainstorm days and aboveground biomass of plant community when rainstorm days ended, soil temperature and moisture under various plant covers during seasonal megathermal drought period, antiscourability of soil with different root density under various simulated rainfalls were measured. Plant cover significantly decreased the daily highest and mean soil temperature and its daily variation in hot-drought season, but there was no significant difference of the alleviation among various plant covers. Plant covers significantly increased the soil moisture in seasonal megathermal drought period. Better moisture maintenance and soil erosion reduction was found when the plant species numbers in cover plant communities increased from one to eight. Higher root density in plant communities with higher species richness increased significantly the antiscourability of the soil. It was suggested that conserving plant communities with diversified native species could produce the best positive ecological effects on citrus orchard ecosystem stability.

Diversified Teaching Methods in Nursing:Using Animal Experimentation to Promote Core Professional Competencies in Basic Nursing Training

Objective： The aim of this project was to train highly professional and specialized nursing students from medical colleges to adapt to bedside clinical care by exploring and discussing various methods of injection and IV infusion in animal experimentation to hone the core professional nursing competencies. Methods： Two classes from the 2012 senior graduating nursing class were randomly selected by a computer to conduct the diversified practical teaching methods based on animal experimentation. A hospital environment was simulated by requiring students to perform different types of injections and practical IV infusion techniques. A comprehensive evaluation of the core professional competencies, as well as other integrated competencies, was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the teaching methods. Results： Two-sampled, pairwise u-tests were performed between the scores of the experimental （nursing class 2） and control （nursing class 1） groups. These findings showed that the overall test scores were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group and that the average P-values for the competencies in various categories were 〈0.01, which indicated statistically significant results. Conclusions： Based on the data from this project, diversified teaching methods for basic nursing training founded on animal experimentation can help nursing students perfect their core professional competencies and improve their overall professional standing. The introduction of animal experimentation requires further verification, and an increased acknowledgement of its benefits through the widespread dissemination of this information.

The Formulation of Water System Planning of Jingdezhen Under Diversified Needs

The water system is the basic condition for urban development, and a key resource and environmental carrier in the process of urban formation. It has an important restrictive effect on the survival of the city. Based on the diversified needs of urban water system development, this paper explores the preparation of the urban water system planning of Jingdezhen, strengthens the protection of water system and environmental quality, and explores urban cultural connotation, in order to build a unique urban water environment.

Research on the supervision system of social security fund ——based on the diversified supervision subject

Social security fund is the foundation of the social security to run, so to strengthen the supervision of social security fund, and promote the sustainable development of it is particularly important. However, the supervision of social security fund of China exists many difficulties at present. In this paper ,the author will be based on the angle of the diversity of regulation, and put forward some relevant suggestions to improve the system of supervision of social security fund.

Development of Natural Gas in China--Concentrating Resources to Accomplish Major Undertakings, and Expediting Development through Diversified Ownerships

The development of China＇s natural gas industry can be described as the story of an ancient but rising industry. In general, the route for China＇s natural gas development is through concentrating resources to accomplish major undertakings, and expediting development through diversified ownerships.

Effects of an Omaha System-based follow-up regimen on self-care and quality of life in gastrointestinal surgery patients

BACKGROUND Currently,a variety of new nursing methods and routine nursing have been widely used in the nursing of gastrointestinal surgery patients.AIM To investigate the effect of follow-up protocol based on the Omaha System on self-care ability and quality of life of gastrointestinal surgery patients.METHODS A total of 128 patients with inflammatory bowel disease in gastrointestinal surgery in gastrointestinal surgery from March 2019 to August 2021 were divided into A(n=64)and B(n=64)groups according to different nursing methods.The group A received a follow-up program Omaha System-based intervention of the group B,whereas the group B received the routine nursing intervention.Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire,Crohn’s and Colitis Knowledge Score(CCKNOW),inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire(IBDQ),Exercise of Self-nursing Agency Scale(ESCA),The Modified Mayo Endoscopic Score,and Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire(BMQ)were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Following the intervention,the group A were facing score significantly increased than group B,while the avoidance and yield scores dropped below of group B(all P<0.05);in group A,the level of health knowledge,personal care abilities,self-perception,self-awareness score and ESCA total score were more outstanding than group B(all P<0.05);in group A the frequency of defecation,hematochezia,endoscopic performance,the total evaluation score by physicians and the disease activity were lower than group B(all P<0.05);in the group A,the total scores of knowledge in general,diet,drug,and complication and CCKNOW were higher than group B(all P<0.05);in group A,the necessity of taking medicine,score of medicine concern and over-all score of BMQ were more significant than group B(all P<0.05);at last in the group A,the scores of systemic and intestinal symptoms,social and emotional function,and IBDQ in the group A were higher than group B(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION For gastrointestinal surgery patients,the Omaha System-based sequel protocol can improve disease awareness and intervention compliance,help them to face the disease positively,reduce disease activity,and improve patients’self-nursing ability and quality of life.

Public Security Crisis Management Model Based on Diversified Cooperation

Everyone is surrounded by crisis just like the air we breathe at every moment;therefore, all countries, organizations and person are confronted with the risk challenges. Nowadays, the human society has evolved to a relatively advanced stage, and along with society progress, complicated social relationship and environment will result in more dangerous elements, thus bringing in more risks. This paper introduces the public security crisis management model based on diversified cooperation in detail from the concept of public security crisis and puts forward safeguard mechanism construction for enhancing the crisis management under diversified cooperation in a brief manner, thus improving the efficiency of crisis management under diversified cooperation.

Research on the Application of Diversified Teaching in Gynecological Clinical Teaching

At present,the main body of clinical teaching in obstetrics and gynecology is still the traditional clinical teaching method,in which clinical teachers are the main body,and interns are the passive.It is not conducive to giving full play to interns'learning enthusiasm and ability to actively solve problems if lack of stimulating the clinical thinking and cultivating the ability to raise questions.In the face of the problems and deficiencies in gynecological clinical teaching in the new era,our team tries to adopt diversified teaching methods,such as medical record teaching method,multimedia teaching method,main-role teaching method,problem-based learning teaching method and so on,so as to improve students'ability of autonomous learning and problem-solving,as well as students'ability of innovation and cooperation.Therefore,clinical teaching teachers and teaching managers should keep pace with the times to carry out diversified teaching mode reform in gynecological clinical teaching.

The Way of Constructing the Diversified and Joint Administration Model of School-Enterprise Cooperation and Education

With the rapid development of the world,the needs of society and enterprises for all kinds of talents are also increasing.Of course,the cultivation of application-oriented talents is the demand for the survival and development of students,as well as the training goals of major schools.Through schoolenterprise cooperation,the employment rate of students can be effectively improved.However,due to the limitations of many conditions,the current diversified school-enterprise cooperation model also faces some problems.This article provides some measures for the problems that exist on the way and how to construct them.

Weed Incidences and Their Effect on Crop Productivity under Diversified Rotational Cropping Systems in the Lateritic Belt of Lower Gangetic Plain of Eastern India

A field experiment was conducted from 2002-2005 on a sandy clay loam red and lateritic soil under irrigation in a farmer＇s field at Senkapur （Lat. 23°36.79′ N, Long. 87°38.14′E, Elev. 46 m AMSL）, Birbhum, West Bengal, India. The objective was to provide the temporal changes of weed diversity and density, ecology, and impact of rotational cropping systems on different crops under double and triple cropping systems with improved （IP） and farmer＇s packages （FP）. There was significantly higher weed density in FP than in IP on all years. Grasses and sedges were more in vegetable-based rotational systems; but grasses and broad leaf weeds （BLWs） were more in rice-based rotational systems. The lowest weed population was in vegetable-based systems. Grasses increased in rice-based systems but gradually decreased in vegetable-based systems in subsequent years. Sedge density was higher in vegetable- than in rice-based rotational systems. Density of BLWs was higher but that of sedges was lower in rice-based rotational systems as compared to vegetable-based systems. Density of BLWs gradually decreased in all rotational systems over the years in both packages. Density of weeds decreased gradually in subsequent years indicating the positive effect of rotational systems on suppression of weeds. Results indicate that the weed density can be reduced through judicious diversified rotational cropping systems. Peanut-brinjal＋brinjal, okra-chilli＋chilli and cucumber-cabbage-basella systems greatly reduced the weed density in both packages, and hence can be recommended for the lateritic belt of lower Gangetic plain of eastern India.