Design and Research of Efficient Adaptive Spray Plant Protection UAV

When the plant protection UAV is spraying on plants, the operator usually performs visual inspection on the vertical distance between the UAV and the plant to adjust the spray height to complete the application. Visual inspection by human eyes is easy to cause the error of spray deposition and deposition density. In order to improve the full utilization of drugs and the spraying efficiency of plant protection UAV, an efficient adaptive spray plant protection UAV was designed, and the vertical distance from the UAV to the plant was collected by ultrasonic wave. Meantime, the plant density was detected in real time, and the flight attitude of plant protection UAV and application rate of spray nozzle were automatically adjusted. The experimental results showed that the designed highly efficient adaptive spray plant protection UAV had fast response speed, precise spray location and less drug loss.

Adaptive Quasi-PID Control Method for Switching Power Amplifiers

Quasi-PID control method that is able to effectively inhibit the inherent tracking error of PI control method is proposed on the basis of a rounded theoretical analysis of a model of switching power amplifiers (SPAs). To avoid the harmful impacts of the circuit parameter variations and the random disturbances on quasi-PID control method, a single neuron is introduced to endow it with self-adaptability. Quasi-PID control method and the single neuron combine with each other perfectly, and their formation is named as single-neuron adaptive quasi-PID control method. Simulation and experimental results show that single-neuron adaptive quasi-PID control method can accurately track both the predictable and the unpredictable waveforms. Quantitative analysis demonstrates that the accuracy of single-neuron adaptive quasi-PID control method is comparable to that of linear power amplifiers (LPAs) and so can fulfill the requirements of some high-accuracy applications, such as protective relay test. Such accuracy is very difficult to be achieved by many modern control methods for converter controls. Compared with other modern control methods, the programming realization of single-neuron adaptive quasi-PID control method is more suitable for real-time applications and realization on low-end microprocessors for its simple structure and lower computational complexity.

Fault identification scheme for protection and adaptive reclosing in a hybrid multi-terminal HVDC system

A fault identification scheme for protection and adaptive reclosing is proposed for a hybrid multi-terminal HVDC system to increase the reliability of fault isolation and reclosing.By analyzing the"zero passing"characteristic of current at the local end during the converter capacitor discharge stage,the fault identification scheme is proposed.The distributed parameter-based fault location equation,which incorporates fault distance and fault impedance,is developed with the injection signal and the distributed parameter model during the adaptive reclosing stage.The fault distance is determined using a trust region reflection algorithm to identify the permanent fault,and a fault iden-tification scheme for adaptive reclosing is developed.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is suitable for long-distance transmission lines with strong anti-fault impedance and anti-interference performance.Also,it is less affected by communication delay and DC boundary strength than existing methods.

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION AND BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION

In the 21st century, landscape ecology should be able to design the environmental construction. The landscape ecological construction is to protect biological diversity positively, which follows the theories such as adapting to nature, mutualism and symbiosis, adjusting structure and improving function, controlling parts and adjusting the whole, and other theories of landscape ecology. This paper took humid temperate zones, landscape ecozones etc. as examples to express how to use these theories to carry out landscape ecological construction. The author put forth three points of land ecological construction: protection of rare and endangered organisms; restoration and reconstruction of important ecosystems; protection of community diversity of plant.

Is adaptive management helpful for developing new harvesting technique and equipment

Faced with the conflict between the environmental protection and timber production, the concept of new forestry and the effect of new forestry objectives on existing harvesting techniques and equipment have been introduced. Adaptive management-a help tool for developing new harvesting techniques and equipment has been proposed. An adaptive approach for developing a forest harvesting for new forestry should be composed of careful planing, considerable hypotheses, detailed testing and evaluating as well as correct and fast feedback. New forestry practices are by no means easy because the complexity of the problem and almost every thing is new. We will see more successful new harvesting techniques and equipment being developing by adaptive approach for new forestry in the future.

A New Adaptive Technique for Enhancement of Zone-2 Settings of Distance Relay

This paper presents a technique that increases the second-zone coverage of distance relays without causing overreach problems. The technique is based on the impedance seen by distance relays when faults are simulated on the reach of zone-1 relays. The approach checks the relay operation for the maximum as well as the minimum generation outputs of the power system. The proposed technique can be used for different reach setting for zone-1. Results show that it is possible to increase the coverage provided by zone-2 distance relays without causing coordination problems with the primary relays that protect the lines emanating from the remote bus. The proposed method is modified for use in an adaptive protection system. It is shown that further improvements can be achieved when settings are calculated using the proposed method and the prevailing system conditions. The proposed method and its adaptive version were applied to a part of the Power system. The simulation of the system is done by using PSCAD-EMTDC software. The simulated results are observed and compared with the conventional and proposed technique.

Current Situation and Protection Means of Traditional Chinese Garden

Traditional garden is a vital element of traditional cultural heritage in China, and it is a common concern of the public to protect, inherit and develop traditional cultural heritage. This paper, on the basis of investigating current protection of royal gardens, private gardens in southern regions of the Yangtze River, and gardens in different regions, summarized 4 fundamental modes of traditional garden protection, namely protective development mode, developmental protection mode, controlled protection mode, no-protection mode. Advantages and disadvantages of different modes were reviewed, protective development was proposed as a traditional garden protection mode adaptive to actual conditions of China.

基于变形影响的基坑邻近建筑保护措施研究

城市土地资源的紧张促进了城市地下空间的开发,同时,大量的基坑工程紧邻既有建构筑物,为工程建设带来极大的挑战。随着深基坑的设计理念由“强度控制”转变为“变形控制”,周围既有建筑的保护成为基坑工程中的重点问题。为确保深基坑邻近建筑的安全,综合大量文献资料,总结了深基坑施工引起的建筑变形特征、来源、影响因素和预测方法,基于建筑变形影响因素对目前建筑保护的主要措施和手段进行了分析整理,探讨了各项措施的适应性,结合基坑工程的勘察、建筑保护方案设计、基坑工程施工和信息化施工监测提出了基坑邻近建筑保护综合体系,以期为相关工程和研究提供参考与建议。

含T接逆变型分布式电源配电网的自适应距离保护

大量逆变型分布式电源(Inverter Interfaced Distributed Generation,IIDG)接入配电网,传统继电保护技术的可靠性无法满足。为了提高配电网供电可靠性,适应可再生能源大量渗透的新型电力系统,针对含T形接入IIDG的配电网,文章提出了一种自适应性的距离保护方案。分析了故障发生在不同位置对保护的影响,根据IIDG在系统发生故障时的输出特性,通过BP神经网络利用保护本地电气信息计算IIDG的输出电流,实时整定动作值。该方法由于无需与远方通信,动作速度快,并且减少了通信系统的投资。最后在MATLAB中建立了含T形接入IIDG的10 kV配电网模型,并与传统距离保护进行了对比,验证了该保护方法的优越性。

海上风电低频输电系统快速母线保护

海上风电低频输电系统母线故障后,换流器型电源等效电势与阻抗因控制的切换与调整过程,不再像传统电网可视为恒定。文中理论分析了母线电流差动保护适应性,明确故障控制策略对差动保护灵敏度的影响方式。利用母线区内外故障所对应的故障等效模型不同,提出基于时域全量模型识别的母线保护。该保护原理反映被保护元件自身拓扑的变化,理论上具有不受电源特性影响的优势,同样适用于其他换流器型电网。同时,所提保护在时域中实现,不存在相量提取问题,动作速度快。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了仿真模型,验证了所提母线保护的可靠性和快速性。

基于自然的解决方案对我国国家公园建设与管理研究的启示

基于自然的解决方案(NbS)作为应对全球生物多样性丧失和气候变化双重危机的重要手段,已成为生态与环境科学领域的研究前沿。自然保护地是保护生物多样性和应对气候变化的重要载体,充分借鉴NbS的标准与方法在自然保护地进行科学实施,可以在生物多样性保护、减缓和适应气候变化、推动实现可持续发展等方面实现协同增效。目前我国正处于以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设的关键时期,国家公园建设与管理及相关研究已成为近年来我国生态文明和美丽中国建设进程中的热点领域。为此,基于世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)提出的NbS全球标准的八项准则,首先梳理了NbS的各项准则对我国国家公园理论与实践的适用性,进而结合NbS的八项准则,以及我国国家公园建设与管理中的实际需求,将我国国家公园建设与管理的相关理论与实践进展围绕以下四个方面进行了梳理,即:(1)如何科学建设国家公园(准则1,应对社会挑战;准则2,根据不同尺度设计);(2)国家公园如何有效治理/管理(准则5,基于包容、透明和赋权的治理过程;准则7,基于证据进行适应性管理);(3)国家公园建设与管理成效如何(准则3,带来生物多样性净增长和生态系统完整性;准则6,在首要目标和其他多种效益间公正地权衡);(4)国家公园如何实现可持续性(准则4,具有经济可行性;准则8,具可持续性并在适当的辖区内主流化)。最后,充分借鉴NbS的各项准则,研究就我国国家公园建设与管理及相关研究提出了启示与展望,以期为我国国家公园相关学科的发展提供参考,并为推动将NbS纳入我国国家公园建设与管理行动提供支撑。

“制度—生活”视角下传统村落保护制度实践与调适——以苏州为例

在社会大转型时期,传统村落空间日益脱嵌于现代生活的需求,保护与发展之间的矛盾在很大程度上已转化为保护制度与日常生活之间的矛盾。基于“制度—生活”分析框架,以苏州为例,从微观动态的视角分析传统村落保护制度的实践及效果,并尝试揭示保护制度调适的内在逻辑。研究认为,由于保护制度的初始设计存在“权力和责任不对等”“权利和义务不对等”等问题,保护制度实践引发了多重生活困境,从而导致村民的不满。与此同时,基层组织对制度的选择性执行,造成保护制度执行力弱化。基于保护制度实践的反馈,制度制定者基于“责任上移,权利下移”,将日常生活的合理诉求纳入保护制度建设及其修订中,既推动制度与生活的趋同,又提升了保护制度的实施效果。

含逆变型分布式电源和分支负荷的配电网自适应电流差动保护

电流差动保护具有良好的选择性和灵敏性。但是,逆变型分布式电源(inverter-interfaced distributed generator,IIDG)和分支负荷接入改变了配电网的故障特性,现有配电网的电流差动保护面临拒动或误动的风险。为解决以上问题,该文在计及P/Q控制的IIDG和分支负荷的故障等值建模基础上,从故障点、IIDG和分支负荷的相对位置出发,挖掘配电网线路两端正序电流差的幅值特征以及正序电流故障分量的相位特征。在此基础上,提出一种正序电流幅值与故障分量相角阈值配合的双比例制动系数自适应差动保护方案,并且利用幅相平面分析所提保护判据的可靠性和灵敏性。最后通过PSCAD/EMTDC验证了所提保护方案的有效性,仿真结果表明该方案适应不同故障类型、位置和过渡电阻,且不受IIDG以及分支负荷接入的影响。

融合模糊聚类和自适应去噪的推荐遗忘学习算法

隐私保护在推荐系统中具有至关重要的地位,因为它有助于保护用户的敏感信息免受泄露风险。近年来,推荐遗忘学习作为一种有效的隐私保护手段引起了越来越多的关注。现有方法为了提高模型的训练效率,通常将数据划分为子分区进行训练。然而,简单划分子分区会破坏用户-项目间的完整性,降低数据的可用性。此外,子分区中隐式反馈的假阳性噪声会干扰模型的训练,使其无法准确地捕捉用户的真实偏好。为解决上述问题,提出了融合模糊聚类和自适应去噪的推荐遗忘学习算法(FDRU)。该算法使用模糊聚类来划分数据集,通过计算交互样本到各个聚类中心的余弦距离来确定隶属度,进而将训练集划分为若干个子分区。FDRU设计了一种自适应去噪方法,其能够根据阈值动态地剔除子分区中的假阳性噪声。通过动态权重聚合子模型进行预测和Top-N推荐。为了验证提出算法的性能,在三个公开数据集上进行实验验证,实验结果表明,提出的算法在召回率和归一化折损累计增益上优于其他基准算法。

区域视角的城乡历史文化遗产保护思考

改革开放以来,我国的城乡历史文化保护工作取得了显著成效,但也存在城镇布局建设忽视地域文化特色、文化遗产保护缺乏区域视角和系统观念等问题,导致地域文化特色消退、区域文化体系和脉络遭到破坏。作为人类历史上唯一延续至今的灿烂文明,中华文明“九州共贯、多元一体”,具有突出的连续性、统一性特征,从区域视角开展城乡历史文化遗产保护是弘扬中华文明的时代要求和必然选择。树立大历史观、大文化观和大区域观的城乡历史文化遗产保护理念,针对我国自然地理和地域文化多元的特征,提出以“精准适配”为核心思想、以“精准分析-适应布局-动态评估”为方法框架的区域城乡历史文化遗产保护理论方法,并应用于全国总体层面、跨区域跨流域文化廊道和典型文化片区等不同空间维度的保护实践,探索构建了我国区域城乡文化遗产保护的整体框架。

行人腿型冲击器肌肉材料参数反求

aPLI先进行人腿型冲击器在碰撞测试中的生物仿真度,在很大程度上取决于其几何结构及其模拟腿部肌肉的合成橡胶的超弹性力学特性。根据橡胶准静态单轴压缩试验数据,分别对用于表述橡胶超弹性的Ogden和Mooney-Rivlin本构模型进行材料参数拟合,得到相应的材料参数并将拟合曲线与试验曲线进行比较,对比不同本构模型的拟合精度。结果表明,2阶Ogden材料模型更符合试验结果。为提高有限元模型中肌肉橡胶材料参数的准确性,重构压缩试验有限元模型,以拟合得到的2阶Ogden本构模型材料参数为初始值,通过将有限元与优化策略相结合,基于自适应响应面法对2阶Ogden模型中μ1、α1、μ2、α2这4个材料参数进行优化,获得该材料在准静态压缩状态下的一组最佳材料参数。

退化海洋生态系统修复相关概念与修复模式的探讨

退化海洋生态系统的修复是确保海洋资源可持续利用、保护海洋生态环境及建设海洋生态文明的关键举措,也是当前国内、外共同关注的焦点。本文在梳理海洋生态系统概念的形成与发展脉络,以及生态修复与退化海洋生态系统内涵的基础上,深入探讨了三个关键科学问题:提升科学认知、采用先进技术和加强适应性管理。这些问题的解决对于海洋生态系统的研究和修复工程的实施至关重要。

适用于SiC MOSFET的漏源电压积分自适应快速短路保护电路研究

SiC MOSFET因其高击穿电压、高开关速度、低导通损耗等性能优势而被广泛应用于各类电力电子变换器中。然而,由于其短路耐受时间仅为2~7μs,且随母线电压升高而缩短,快速可靠的短路保护电路已成为其推广应用的关键技术之一。为应对不同母线电压下的Si C MOSFET短路故障,文中提出一种基于漏源电压积分的自适应快速短路保护方法(drain-sourcevoltageintegration-basedadaptivefast short-circuit protection method,DSVI-AFSCPM),研究所提出的DSVI-AFSCPM在硬开关短路(hardswitchingfault,HSF)和负载短路(fault under load,FUL)条件下的保护性能,进而研究不同母线电压对DSVI-AFSCPM的作用机理。同时,探究Si CMOSFET工作温度对其响应速度的影响。最后,搭建实验平台,对所提出的DSVI-AFSCPM在发生硬开关短路和负载短路时不同母线电压、不同工作温度下的保护性能进行实验测试。实验结果表明,所提出的DSVI-AFSCPM在不同母线电压下具有良好的保护速度自适应性,即母线电压越高,短路保护速度越快,并且其响应速度受Si CMOSFET工作温度影响较小,两种短路工况下工作温度从25℃变化到125℃,短路保护时间变化不超过90 ns。因此,该文为Si CMOSFET在不同母线电压下的可靠使用提供一定技术支撑。

构网逆变电源故障穿越控制策略及其对保护影响的研究综述

构网(grid-forming,GFM)逆变电源(inverter-based resources,IBRs)可模拟传统同步电机行为,自主提供电压以及惯量支撑,是实现高比例新能源接入电网的必然途径。继电保护是保障电力系统安全稳定运行的第一道防线,其动作性能取决于对系统故障特征的辨识能力,而构网逆变电源主导下电力系统的故障特征则与逆变电源的物理极限和控制策略高度相关。该文首先梳理了典型构网逆变电源在正常及故障穿越时的控制策略及特点;进而归纳了电源的简化等值模型及故障特性分析研究成果;最后,总结了构网型逆变电源并网系统相关的保护技术研究现状,初步评述了构网逆变电源对当前保护技术的影响以及该领域未来所面临的问题。

适用于直流保护的数学形态学降噪与噪声干扰识别方法

柔性直流输电系统是调节我国能源分布不均问题的重要手段,直流保护是保证柔直系统安全的重要技术。现有工程中多采用行波保护作为主保护,然而行波保护存在易受噪声影响、故障波头不易捕捉等问题,制约了其广泛应用。针对上述问题,提出数学形态学降噪与噪声干扰识别方法,并根据直流保护采样信号特点进行参数设计,用于直流保护采样信号降噪和噪声干扰的识别。首先,确定基于自适应多尺度形态滤波的直流信号降噪方法,并设计结构元素长度和形态学滤波器类型、自适应多尺度形态滤波器的滤波器阶数和步长。其次,确定基于形态学梯度变换的噪声干扰识别方法,并设计形态学梯度变换的阈值。接着,从不同角度对形态学降噪方法与现有典型信号处理方法的滤波效果进行对比分析。最后,对形态学降噪与噪声干扰识别方法和保护的配合效果进行验证。形态学降噪与噪声干扰识别方法所需采样频率较低,运算量适中,滤波效果好,对直流保护适用性好。