There exists an inherent relationship between territorial division of labour and locational superiorities,of which becomes a basic point followed in the process of regional development and urban planning.The historica...There exists an inherent relationship between territorial division of labour and locational superiorities,of which becomes a basic point followed in the process of regional development and urban planning.The historical evolution of territorial division theories is reviewed first.The authors fully appraise the contributions of A.Smith et al.and comment on some of their shortcomings.An integrated system on locational superiorities is then put forward which contains four pairs of regional or urban superiorities.Finally,the relation of external elements and inherent mechanism in areal differentiation is probed.展开更多
Trafficking in persons, especially women and girls has been on for long and is still going on. Persons in the female group constitute the mostly trafficked humans. This study was conducted to determine the effects of ...Trafficking in persons, especially women and girls has been on for long and is still going on. Persons in the female group constitute the mostly trafficked humans. This study was conducted to determine the effects of human trafficking on household farm labor needs available among farming households. Arable farming households involved in human trafficking were identified and purposively selected for this study with the aid of key informants in purposively selected communities. This led to the selection of 60 arable farming household heads in Delta North Agricultural zone, 65 farming household heads in Delta Central Agricultural Zone, and 36 arable farming household heads in Delta south agricultural zone to give a total of 151 respondents. Data for the study were collected with the utilization of questionnaire and interview schedule. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis with the application of frequency counts, percentages and means derived from 4-point likert-type scale. The hypothesis was tested using Tobit regression analysis. Human trafficking was found to be age and sex selective and the causes of human trafficking included both push and pull factors, such as high income in destination countries poverty, low risk profit, nature of trafficking in persons, ease in control and manipulation of vulnerable women and girls, low risk involved in working in destination countries, lacking of legitimate and fulfilling employment, sex selective migration policies, less access to information and peer pressure. Shortage of household farm labor was experienced by farming households in clearing and brushing of farm land, sowing, weeding, harvesting and processing/storage. Human trafficking was found to affect household labor availability in clearing/brushing of farm land, sowing, weeding, harvesting and processing/storage of farm produce. It is recommended that poverty alleviation programs should be specially organized for poor women, government and NGOs and international agencies should develop strategies to mitigate human trafficking. The government needs to collaborate with community based organizations and law enforcement agencies to create anti-trafficking committee in fanning communities. Community education should be created for the farming communities to emphasize anti-human trafficking with the use of change agents; extension agents should integrate anti-trafficking messages in their interaction with farmers.展开更多
From adjusting industrial structure,strengthening industrial guidance and promoting industrial cluster,this paper puts forward the industrial countermeasures for regional economic development in Central China in post-...From adjusting industrial structure,strengthening industrial guidance and promoting industrial cluster,this paper puts forward the industrial countermeasures for regional economic development in Central China in post-financial-crisis era as follows.In terms of industrial structure adjustment,we should optimize the structure of agricultural production,and form agricultural industrialization operation;propel upgrading of industrial structure,and promote the concentration of industry;improve the development of service industry,and meet the diversified needs of consumers.In terms of industrial guidance,we should give priority to the development of leading industries,and foster leading enterprises;develop hi-tech industry rapidly,and cultivate new industrialization technology base in the central region.In terms of industrial cluster,we should strengthen government guidance,and create good policy environment for the development of industrial cluster;foster core enterprises,and promote spontaneous establishment of trade association or chamber of commerce;establish hi-tech industrial cluster,and further improve the cooperative mechanism of "production,teaching and research".展开更多
以互联网和计算机为代表的现代信息通讯技术深刻重塑了人们的生产和生活方式。伴随当代资本主义生产在信息时代的具体展开,一种名为人人生产(Peer Production)的新型生产方式正方兴未艾,并日益受到批判理论学者的关注。人人生产具有异...以互联网和计算机为代表的现代信息通讯技术深刻重塑了人们的生产和生活方式。伴随当代资本主义生产在信息时代的具体展开,一种名为人人生产(Peer Production)的新型生产方式正方兴未艾,并日益受到批判理论学者的关注。人人生产具有异于传统资本主义生产的诸多特征,包括非异化劳动、去中心化和非等级制管理、作为共有物的生产资料和产品的非商品化等。一些研究据此指出,人人生产中已经没有劳动分工(division of labour),只有劳动分布或分配(distribution of labour)。这种观点的合理性在于,人人生产中劳动的异化性质与资本主义生产中的劳动相比已经显著减弱,但是它一方面把应当加以解释的现象当作既成事实,忽视分析导致这种现象的原因,另一方面则对人人生产从资本主义生产那里继承下来的分工视而不见,从而造成对人人生产中劳动分工的存在和特征的遮蔽。本文运用马克思主义政治经济学批判的思想和方法对人人生产中的分工展开批判性分析,指出人人生产中仍然存在劳动分工,只是由于人人生产已经在一定程度上将生产资料转化为共有物,因而其分工的自发性质已经减弱,而自觉性质有所增强。深刻把握人人生产中的劳动分工,有助于正确辨析当代资本主义生产的最新特点和演变趋势,并富有成效地探索人人生产挑战和取代资本主义生产的可能性。展开更多
A qualitative gender assessment of household-based bamboo industries was conducted in Zhuyuan and Lagadi villages in Laochang Township, Xinping County in Southwest China's Yunnan Province. Results showed that both...A qualitative gender assessment of household-based bamboo industries was conducted in Zhuyuan and Lagadi villages in Laochang Township, Xinping County in Southwest China's Yunnan Province. Results showed that both women and men were actively involved in the production and marketing of bamboo products in the two villages. There were gender differences in bamboo-based rural industries that were closely associated with the ethnic habits, traditional norms of the rural society, the differences of educational levels that women and men achieved, and the gender blind-spots in the enforcement of laws and policies. It is evident that women were “equal” partners in the production of bamboo products, but “unequal” when the rights of access to and control over resources and personal independence are concerned. Suggestions are made to achieve a gender-balanced production system of bamboo products in rural areas of bamboo producing counties in Yunnan Province, China.展开更多
文摘There exists an inherent relationship between territorial division of labour and locational superiorities,of which becomes a basic point followed in the process of regional development and urban planning.The historical evolution of territorial division theories is reviewed first.The authors fully appraise the contributions of A.Smith et al.and comment on some of their shortcomings.An integrated system on locational superiorities is then put forward which contains four pairs of regional or urban superiorities.Finally,the relation of external elements and inherent mechanism in areal differentiation is probed.
文摘Trafficking in persons, especially women and girls has been on for long and is still going on. Persons in the female group constitute the mostly trafficked humans. This study was conducted to determine the effects of human trafficking on household farm labor needs available among farming households. Arable farming households involved in human trafficking were identified and purposively selected for this study with the aid of key informants in purposively selected communities. This led to the selection of 60 arable farming household heads in Delta North Agricultural zone, 65 farming household heads in Delta Central Agricultural Zone, and 36 arable farming household heads in Delta south agricultural zone to give a total of 151 respondents. Data for the study were collected with the utilization of questionnaire and interview schedule. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis with the application of frequency counts, percentages and means derived from 4-point likert-type scale. The hypothesis was tested using Tobit regression analysis. Human trafficking was found to be age and sex selective and the causes of human trafficking included both push and pull factors, such as high income in destination countries poverty, low risk profit, nature of trafficking in persons, ease in control and manipulation of vulnerable women and girls, low risk involved in working in destination countries, lacking of legitimate and fulfilling employment, sex selective migration policies, less access to information and peer pressure. Shortage of household farm labor was experienced by farming households in clearing and brushing of farm land, sowing, weeding, harvesting and processing/storage. Human trafficking was found to affect household labor availability in clearing/brushing of farm land, sowing, weeding, harvesting and processing/storage of farm produce. It is recommended that poverty alleviation programs should be specially organized for poor women, government and NGOs and international agencies should develop strategies to mitigate human trafficking. The government needs to collaborate with community based organizations and law enforcement agencies to create anti-trafficking committee in fanning communities. Community education should be created for the farming communities to emphasize anti-human trafficking with the use of change agents; extension agents should integrate anti-trafficking messages in their interaction with farmers.
基金Supported by Humanities and Social Science Research Program of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2011 (2011jyte269)
文摘From adjusting industrial structure,strengthening industrial guidance and promoting industrial cluster,this paper puts forward the industrial countermeasures for regional economic development in Central China in post-financial-crisis era as follows.In terms of industrial structure adjustment,we should optimize the structure of agricultural production,and form agricultural industrialization operation;propel upgrading of industrial structure,and promote the concentration of industry;improve the development of service industry,and meet the diversified needs of consumers.In terms of industrial guidance,we should give priority to the development of leading industries,and foster leading enterprises;develop hi-tech industry rapidly,and cultivate new industrialization technology base in the central region.In terms of industrial cluster,we should strengthen government guidance,and create good policy environment for the development of industrial cluster;foster core enterprises,and promote spontaneous establishment of trade association or chamber of commerce;establish hi-tech industrial cluster,and further improve the cooperative mechanism of "production,teaching and research".
文摘以互联网和计算机为代表的现代信息通讯技术深刻重塑了人们的生产和生活方式。伴随当代资本主义生产在信息时代的具体展开,一种名为人人生产(Peer Production)的新型生产方式正方兴未艾,并日益受到批判理论学者的关注。人人生产具有异于传统资本主义生产的诸多特征,包括非异化劳动、去中心化和非等级制管理、作为共有物的生产资料和产品的非商品化等。一些研究据此指出,人人生产中已经没有劳动分工(division of labour),只有劳动分布或分配(distribution of labour)。这种观点的合理性在于,人人生产中劳动的异化性质与资本主义生产中的劳动相比已经显著减弱,但是它一方面把应当加以解释的现象当作既成事实,忽视分析导致这种现象的原因,另一方面则对人人生产从资本主义生产那里继承下来的分工视而不见,从而造成对人人生产中劳动分工的存在和特征的遮蔽。本文运用马克思主义政治经济学批判的思想和方法对人人生产中的分工展开批判性分析,指出人人生产中仍然存在劳动分工,只是由于人人生产已经在一定程度上将生产资料转化为共有物,因而其分工的自发性质已经减弱,而自觉性质有所增强。深刻把握人人生产中的劳动分工,有助于正确辨析当代资本主义生产的最新特点和演变趋势,并富有成效地探索人人生产挑战和取代资本主义生产的可能性。
文摘A qualitative gender assessment of household-based bamboo industries was conducted in Zhuyuan and Lagadi villages in Laochang Township, Xinping County in Southwest China's Yunnan Province. Results showed that both women and men were actively involved in the production and marketing of bamboo products in the two villages. There were gender differences in bamboo-based rural industries that were closely associated with the ethnic habits, traditional norms of the rural society, the differences of educational levels that women and men achieved, and the gender blind-spots in the enforcement of laws and policies. It is evident that women were “equal” partners in the production of bamboo products, but “unequal” when the rights of access to and control over resources and personal independence are concerned. Suggestions are made to achieve a gender-balanced production system of bamboo products in rural areas of bamboo producing counties in Yunnan Province, China.
