A reliability-based stochastic system optimum congestion pricing(SSOCP) model with endogenous market penetration and compliance rate in an advanced traveler information systems(ATIS) environment was proposed. All trav...A reliability-based stochastic system optimum congestion pricing(SSOCP) model with endogenous market penetration and compliance rate in an advanced traveler information systems(ATIS) environment was proposed. All travelers were divided into two classes. The first guided travelers were referred to as the equipped travelers who follow ATIS advice, while the second unguided travelers were referred to as the unequipped travelers and the equipped travelers who do not follow the ATIS advice(also referred to as non-complied travelers). Travelers were assumed to take travel time, congestion pricing, and travel time reliability into account when making travel route choice decisions. In order to arrive at on time, travelers needed to allow for a safety margin to their trip.The market penetration of ATIS was determined by a continuous increasing function of the information benefit, and the ATIS compliance rate of equipped travelers was given as the probability of the actually experienced travel costs of guided travelers less than or equal to those of unguided travelers. The analysis results could enhance our understanding of the effect of travel demand level and travel time reliability confidence level on the ATIS market penetration and compliance rate; and the effect of travel time perception variation of guided and unguided travelers on the mean travel cost savings(MTCS) of the equipped travelers, the ATIS market penetration, compliance rate, and the total network effective travel time(TNETT).展开更多
目的良好的患者依从率是保证变应原特异性免疫治疗的关键,本研究系统评价变应原皮下特异性免疫治疗(皮下脱敏治疗)患者的依从率及影响因素。方法检索PubMed、Cochrane library、Web of Science、CINAHL,中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、...目的良好的患者依从率是保证变应原特异性免疫治疗的关键,本研究系统评价变应原皮下特异性免疫治疗(皮下脱敏治疗)患者的依从率及影响因素。方法检索PubMed、Cochrane library、Web of Science、CINAHL,中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台和维普(VIP)数据库,检索时限为建库至2023年8月。采用澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心研究真实性评价标准进行文献评价。采用Revman5.3版软件对皮下脱敏治疗依从率进行Meta分析,对影响依从率的因素采用描述性分析。结果共纳入符合条件的文献28篇,结果显示皮下特异性免疫治疗依从率在23.00%~91.46%之间,合并依从率为67.00%(95%CI:57.00%~77.00%);影响依从率的主要因素包括药物不良反应(1.40%~29.00%)、治疗效果未达预期(2.60%~44.00%)、症状改善(4.00%~60.60%)、经济原因(1.00%~47.90%)等;儿童患者的依从率明显高于成人(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.47~0.61,P<0.000)。结论皮下脱敏治疗的总体依从率偏低,且影响依从率的因素较多,采取个性化措施增加患者依从率是提高皮下脱敏治疗的关键。展开更多
目的探讨品管圈(Quality Control Circle,QCC)管理方法在提高住院患儿雾化吸入依从率的应用价值。方法济宁市第一人民医院儿科雾化吸入QCC管理实施时间自2020年6月开始,选取QCC实施前(2020年4月至2020年5月)0~3岁住院进行雾化吸入治疗...目的探讨品管圈(Quality Control Circle,QCC)管理方法在提高住院患儿雾化吸入依从率的应用价值。方法济宁市第一人民医院儿科雾化吸入QCC管理实施时间自2020年6月开始,选取QCC实施前(2020年4月至2020年5月)0~3岁住院进行雾化吸入治疗的患儿454人以及QCC实施后(2020年11月至12月)0~3岁住院进行雾化吸入治疗的患儿496人进行研究,比较两组住院患儿在雾化吸入治疗中的哭闹发生率、按时雾化率、家属拒绝情况、雾化中断情况,以及总体雾化依从率。结果在QCC实施后,0~3岁住院患儿雾化吸入哭闹发生率下降(23.33%vs 5.04%)、未按时雾化率下降(16.08%vs 2.82%),总体雾化依从率提升(56.00%vs 88.90%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);QCC实施后患儿家属满意度评分提升(t=5.95,P<0.001)。结论实施QCC能够提升低于3岁住院患儿雾化吸入依从率,提升患者家属满意度。展开更多
Understanding the anisotropic creep behaviors of shale under direct shearing is a challenging issue.In this context,we conducted shear-creep and steady-creep tests on shale with five bedding orientations (i.e.0°,...Understanding the anisotropic creep behaviors of shale under direct shearing is a challenging issue.In this context,we conducted shear-creep and steady-creep tests on shale with five bedding orientations (i.e.0°,30°,45°,60°,and 90°),under multiple levels of direct shearing for the first time.The results show that the anisotropic creep of shale exhibits a significant stress-dependent behavior.Under a low shear stress,the creep compliance of shale increases linearly with the logarithm of time at all bedding orientations,and the increase depends on the bedding orientation and creep time.Under high shear stress conditions,the creep compliance of shale is minimal when the bedding orientation is 0°,and the steady-creep rate of shale increases significantly with increasing bedding orientations of 30°,45°,60°,and 90°.The stress-strain values corresponding to the inception of the accelerated creep stage show an increasing and then decreasing trend with the bedding orientation.A semilogarithmic model that could reflect the stress dependence of the steady-creep rate while considering the hardening and damage process is proposed.The model minimizes the deviation of the calculated steady-state creep rate from the observed value and reveals the behavior of the bedding orientation's influence on the steady-creep rate.The applicability of the five classical empirical creep models is quantitatively evaluated.It shows that the logarithmic model can well explain the experimental creep strain and creep rate,and it can accurately predict long-term shear creep deformation.Based on an improved logarithmic model,the variations in creep parameters with shear stress and bedding orientations are discussed.With abovementioned findings,a mathematical method for constructing an anisotropic shear creep model of shale is proposed,which can characterize the nonlinear dependence of the anisotropic shear creep behavior of shale on the bedding orientation.展开更多
背景乳腺癌筛查覆盖率低影响了我国乳腺癌的防控效果。影响筛查覆盖率的相关因素涉及筛查实施过程的多个方面。目的基于我国乳腺癌筛查的实施过程,模拟预测优化措施实施前后乳腺癌筛查覆盖率的变化,为我国乳腺癌筛查覆盖率的优化提供建...背景乳腺癌筛查覆盖率低影响了我国乳腺癌的防控效果。影响筛查覆盖率的相关因素涉及筛查实施过程的多个方面。目的基于我国乳腺癌筛查的实施过程,模拟预测优化措施实施前后乳腺癌筛查覆盖率的变化,为我国乳腺癌筛查覆盖率的优化提供建议。方法于2022年7—9月系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台4个数据库中关于女性乳腺癌筛查的期刊文献,整理归纳女性筛查行为的相关影响因素;基于相关政府网站关于乳腺癌筛查的公文文件整理分析我国乳腺癌筛查途径及系统主体。基于我国乳腺癌筛查途径、筛查主体和筛查行为相关因素,构建乳腺癌筛查覆盖率因果关系图和乳腺癌筛查覆盖率系统动力学存量流量图,并进行我国2010—2040年乳腺癌筛查覆盖率促进策略的仿真模拟。结果模型模拟既往筛查策略和政策资源环境,2010—2013年乳腺癌筛查覆盖率逐渐提高至40.0%,2013—2040年在40.0%~45.0%波动,呈现出先缓慢降低,后缓慢上升的趋势。模拟政策干预从2024年开始:(1)加强宣传教育,2024—2030年覆盖率快速提高至60.4%,后2031—2040年缓慢提高至66.0%;(2)规范筛查服务质量,2024—2029年覆盖率快速提高至60.3%,2030—2040年缓慢提高至66.0%;(3)控制例均筛查费用,2024—2026年覆盖率从47.0%提高至54.2%,2027—2040年筛查覆盖率提高至59.0%;(4)乳腺癌专项筛查名额加倍,2024—2040年相比于无优化措施,筛查覆盖率有1.0%~2.0%的提高;(5)规范筛查服务质量+控制例均筛查费用,筛查覆盖率在2024—2040年从47.0%提高至86.8%。结论预计2024—2040年,我国乳腺癌筛查覆盖率在41.7%~46.0%波动,提高筛查意向或筛查可及性都能提高筛查覆盖率,提高筛查意向比提高筛查可及性效果更好,但两种优化措施有各自提升上限。人群筛查意向和筛查可及性的组合优化措施可突破各自提升上限,对提高筛查覆盖率有更好的效果。展开更多
基金Project(12YJCZH309) supported by Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation of the Ministry of Education of ChinaProject(20120041120006) supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China
文摘A reliability-based stochastic system optimum congestion pricing(SSOCP) model with endogenous market penetration and compliance rate in an advanced traveler information systems(ATIS) environment was proposed. All travelers were divided into two classes. The first guided travelers were referred to as the equipped travelers who follow ATIS advice, while the second unguided travelers were referred to as the unequipped travelers and the equipped travelers who do not follow the ATIS advice(also referred to as non-complied travelers). Travelers were assumed to take travel time, congestion pricing, and travel time reliability into account when making travel route choice decisions. In order to arrive at on time, travelers needed to allow for a safety margin to their trip.The market penetration of ATIS was determined by a continuous increasing function of the information benefit, and the ATIS compliance rate of equipped travelers was given as the probability of the actually experienced travel costs of guided travelers less than or equal to those of unguided travelers. The analysis results could enhance our understanding of the effect of travel demand level and travel time reliability confidence level on the ATIS market penetration and compliance rate; and the effect of travel time perception variation of guided and unguided travelers on the mean travel cost savings(MTCS) of the equipped travelers, the ATIS market penetration, compliance rate, and the total network effective travel time(TNETT).
文摘目的良好的患者依从率是保证变应原特异性免疫治疗的关键,本研究系统评价变应原皮下特异性免疫治疗(皮下脱敏治疗)患者的依从率及影响因素。方法检索PubMed、Cochrane library、Web of Science、CINAHL,中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台和维普(VIP)数据库,检索时限为建库至2023年8月。采用澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心研究真实性评价标准进行文献评价。采用Revman5.3版软件对皮下脱敏治疗依从率进行Meta分析,对影响依从率的因素采用描述性分析。结果共纳入符合条件的文献28篇,结果显示皮下特异性免疫治疗依从率在23.00%~91.46%之间,合并依从率为67.00%(95%CI:57.00%~77.00%);影响依从率的主要因素包括药物不良反应(1.40%~29.00%)、治疗效果未达预期(2.60%~44.00%)、症状改善(4.00%~60.60%)、经济原因(1.00%~47.90%)等;儿童患者的依从率明显高于成人(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.47~0.61,P<0.000)。结论皮下脱敏治疗的总体依从率偏低,且影响依从率的因素较多,采取个性化措施增加患者依从率是提高皮下脱敏治疗的关键。
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20166 and 12172230)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515012654)+1 种基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20166 and 12172230)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515012654)。
文摘Understanding the anisotropic creep behaviors of shale under direct shearing is a challenging issue.In this context,we conducted shear-creep and steady-creep tests on shale with five bedding orientations (i.e.0°,30°,45°,60°,and 90°),under multiple levels of direct shearing for the first time.The results show that the anisotropic creep of shale exhibits a significant stress-dependent behavior.Under a low shear stress,the creep compliance of shale increases linearly with the logarithm of time at all bedding orientations,and the increase depends on the bedding orientation and creep time.Under high shear stress conditions,the creep compliance of shale is minimal when the bedding orientation is 0°,and the steady-creep rate of shale increases significantly with increasing bedding orientations of 30°,45°,60°,and 90°.The stress-strain values corresponding to the inception of the accelerated creep stage show an increasing and then decreasing trend with the bedding orientation.A semilogarithmic model that could reflect the stress dependence of the steady-creep rate while considering the hardening and damage process is proposed.The model minimizes the deviation of the calculated steady-state creep rate from the observed value and reveals the behavior of the bedding orientation's influence on the steady-creep rate.The applicability of the five classical empirical creep models is quantitatively evaluated.It shows that the logarithmic model can well explain the experimental creep strain and creep rate,and it can accurately predict long-term shear creep deformation.Based on an improved logarithmic model,the variations in creep parameters with shear stress and bedding orientations are discussed.With abovementioned findings,a mathematical method for constructing an anisotropic shear creep model of shale is proposed,which can characterize the nonlinear dependence of the anisotropic shear creep behavior of shale on the bedding orientation.
文摘背景乳腺癌筛查覆盖率低影响了我国乳腺癌的防控效果。影响筛查覆盖率的相关因素涉及筛查实施过程的多个方面。目的基于我国乳腺癌筛查的实施过程,模拟预测优化措施实施前后乳腺癌筛查覆盖率的变化,为我国乳腺癌筛查覆盖率的优化提供建议。方法于2022年7—9月系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台4个数据库中关于女性乳腺癌筛查的期刊文献,整理归纳女性筛查行为的相关影响因素;基于相关政府网站关于乳腺癌筛查的公文文件整理分析我国乳腺癌筛查途径及系统主体。基于我国乳腺癌筛查途径、筛查主体和筛查行为相关因素,构建乳腺癌筛查覆盖率因果关系图和乳腺癌筛查覆盖率系统动力学存量流量图,并进行我国2010—2040年乳腺癌筛查覆盖率促进策略的仿真模拟。结果模型模拟既往筛查策略和政策资源环境,2010—2013年乳腺癌筛查覆盖率逐渐提高至40.0%,2013—2040年在40.0%~45.0%波动,呈现出先缓慢降低,后缓慢上升的趋势。模拟政策干预从2024年开始:(1)加强宣传教育,2024—2030年覆盖率快速提高至60.4%,后2031—2040年缓慢提高至66.0%;(2)规范筛查服务质量,2024—2029年覆盖率快速提高至60.3%,2030—2040年缓慢提高至66.0%;(3)控制例均筛查费用,2024—2026年覆盖率从47.0%提高至54.2%,2027—2040年筛查覆盖率提高至59.0%;(4)乳腺癌专项筛查名额加倍,2024—2040年相比于无优化措施,筛查覆盖率有1.0%~2.0%的提高;(5)规范筛查服务质量+控制例均筛查费用,筛查覆盖率在2024—2040年从47.0%提高至86.8%。结论预计2024—2040年,我国乳腺癌筛查覆盖率在41.7%~46.0%波动,提高筛查意向或筛查可及性都能提高筛查覆盖率,提高筛查意向比提高筛查可及性效果更好,但两种优化措施有各自提升上限。人群筛查意向和筛查可及性的组合优化措施可突破各自提升上限,对提高筛查覆盖率有更好的效果。
