Application and Satisfaction Analysis of Humanized Quality Nursing Intervention in the Care of Patients with Critical Respiratory Failure

Objective:To implement humanized quality care in critical respiratory failure nursing,observe the effect,and analyze the satisfaction.Methods:80 patients with severe respiratory failure were divided into 40 cases per group(admitted from February 2022 to December 2023)by double-blind method,the control group performed routine care,and the observation group was given humanized quality care.Results:After the nursing care,two respiratory function indexes of the observation group were lower than those of the control group,and two pulmonary function indexes were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05);regarding the complication situation,the incidence rate of the observation group was lower(P<0.05);regarding the nursing care satisfaction situation,the observation group had a higher level of total satisfaction(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of a humanized quality nursing intervention model in the care of critical respiratory failure can actively improve patients’respiratory status and lung function,reduce complications,and satisfy patients.

Prevalence and Social Demographic Factors Associated with Secondary Traumatic Stress, Burnout and Compassion Satisfaction among Nurses at Selected Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia

Introduction: Nurses’ constant exposure to severe human suffering within constrained health care environments places them at risk for developing Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout. The current study therefore sought to establish the prevalence and social demographic factors associated with Secondary Traumatic Stress, Burnout and Compassion Satisfaction among Nurses working at selected Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods: A correlational design employing a self-administered questionnaire adapted from version five of the Professional Quality of Life scale was used to collect data from 250 nurses drawn using proportional stratified sampling method. The resulting data were analyzed using version 23 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout. Findings: Whilst the majority of respondents reported average levels of Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout, about a quarter reported high Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout scores at 23% and 26% respectively. Only 81 (32.4%) scored high on Compassion Satisfaction. Social demographic factors including;working in the main Intensive Care Unit, and being married accounted for the greatest variance in Secondary Traumatic Stress (R2 = 0.237, p Conclusion: Findings of the current study signify a need to institute measures to help nurses cope with the deleterious psychological effects of constant engagement with those in distress and to foster Compassion Satisfaction.

Influence of resilience on depression among nurses in clean operating departments:The mediating effect of life satisfaction

BACKGROUND A clean operating room is an important part of surgical and critical treatment in hospitals.The workload is substantial,the pace is rapid,and the working environment is intense;therefore,nurses who work in clean operating rooms are constantly challenged,which can lead to anxiety,depression,and other mental health issues.Life satisfaction and resilience are important factors that ensure mental health.Therefore,exploring the mediating role of life satisfaction in the influence of resilience on depression among nurses in clean operating rooms can help improve nursing services and teamwork.AIM To explore the mediating effect of satisfaction on the influence of resilience on depression among nurses in a clean operating department.METHODS From April to November 2022,196 nurses from the Department of Clean Operating at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital participated in this study.Participants were selected using convenience sampling.Participants’gender,age,marital status,position,length of service,personal monthly income,daily working hours,employment status,and professional title were collected,and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale,satisfaction with life scale,and selfrating depression scale were used to evaluate resilience,life satisfaction,and depression.The researchers conducted professional training in advance,introduced the research methods to the participants before the investigation,and explained the study’s significance and purpose.Surveys were distributed and collected on-site.Each questionnaire took 30 min to complete.RESULTS The average scores for life satisfaction,resilience,and depression were 3.13(±0.28),4.09(±0.78),and 56.21(±8.70),respectively.The correlation between resilience and depression was negative(r=-0.829,P<0.01).Life satisfaction was positively related to resilience(r=0.855,P<0.01)and negatively related to depression(r=-0.778,P<0.01).The relationship between resilience and depression was partially mediated by life satisfaction.The value of the mediating effect was-6.853(26.68%of the total effect).CONCLUSION Life satisfaction partially mediates the link between resilience and depression among nurses in clean operating departments.

The effects of emotional labor and competency on job satisfaction in nurses of China: A nationwide cross-sectional survey

Objectives:This study aimed to explore the status of job satisfaction,emotional labour,core competencies and job stress and the associations of emotional labour and core competencies with the job satisfaction of nurses in China.Methods:Data were collected by using a self-designed general information questionnaire,a job satisfaction questionnaire(McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale),a nurse emotional labour questionnaire,the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses questionnaire,and a nurse job stressor questionnaire.A total of 13,448 nurses from 92 hospitals across mainland of China were surveyed,and 11,337 respondents(84.3%response rate)completed the questionnaires.Results:The survey results indicated that Chinese nurses had average job satisfaction(24.77±5.23),moderate job stress(86.84±21.12),moderate to high emotional labour experiences(55.08±9.63)and high competency(195.77±37.61).Multiple linear regression indicated that surface acting was negatively correlated with job satisfaction(P<0.01),while deep acting(P<0.01)and nurses'core competence(P<0.01)were positively associated with job satisfaction.Besides,The results also indicated job stress,geographical distribution,hospital category,gender,work shift,only children,parenting status,monthly salary,nursing experience,professional title,hospital area were the influencing factors of job satisfaction(P<0.05).Conclusion:The improvement of the emotional labour and competency of nurses may help enhance their job satisfaction.

Competency-based management effects on satisfaction of nurses and patients

Purpose:To evaluate the effect of competency-based management in improving nurse and patient satisfaction.Methods:According to the competency-based management objectives and principles,821 nurses were classified into different levels based on clear nurse qualifications and post responsibilities.According to the different levels of nursing staff and training plans with different emphases,the goal was for the nursing staff to gradually achieve the corresponding level.Targeted training programs for different levels of nurses were formulated to enable nurses to gradually increase their competency levels.Results:After implementation of competency-based management,nurse job satisfaction and patient satisfaction increased significantly(P<0.01).Additionally,the reported nurse job burnout decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:Competency-based management can promote nurses’enthusiasm,reduce job burnout,improve job satisfaction,as well as improve patient satisfaction.

Examining perception of job satisfaction and intention to leave among ICU nurses in China

Objectives:Previous studies in China's Mainland found ICU nurses to be less satisfied with their jobs and more inclined to leave them than are nurses in other hospital units.We aimed to determine ICU nurses'perspectives on the factors that influence job satisfaction and whether or not to continue working in the ICU.Methods:Nine ICU nurses were asked five open-ended questions to elicit the nurses'perspectives on job satisfaction and intentions to leave.Data were analyzed according to the process described by Knafl and Webster(1988).Core concepts were identified using the constant comparative method.Results:Two themes emerged as major influences on job dissatisfaction:1)stress experienced from excessive workload demands and the ICU work environment,and 2)a lack of respect and recognition for the nurses'work.Two themes emerged as major influences on job satisfaction:1)recognition of work,and 2)professional opportunities and relationships with coworkers.The effects of job satisfaction or dissatisfaction on the nurses'intentions to leave their jobs varied,although three categories were identified.Conclusions:For ICU nurses in China,sources of job dissatisfaction are potentially remedied with simple interventions.Adequate staffing is necessary but not sufficient for a positive work environment.Administrators should address the factors that directly affect their nurses'levels of job satisfaction,as it will ultimately result in less staff turnover and greater patient care.

Underlying Beliefs Influencing Vietnamese Nurses and Doctors in Screening for Victims of Domestic Violence: An Exploratory Study

Many health professionals in Vietnam have limited knowledge and experience in coordinating care for victims of Domestic Violence (DV). This qualitative study aimed to elicit the beliefs of nurses and doctors that are influencing the care of victims of DV. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with nineteen nurses and doctors. Data were analyzed by content analysis and organized by three main themes;behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs and control beliefs. The outcomes of this study will inform the development of intervention strategies that will enable health professionals to better respond to and manage care for women who experience domestic violence in Vietnam.

Job satisfaction among Ethiopian nurses:a systematic review

Objective:Job satisfaction is a positive emotional feeling in the working environment,and it is an essential tool with which to improve patient safety,nurses’efficiency and performance,quality of care,retention and turnover of nurses,and commitment to the organization and the profession.There are few studies on job satisfaction of nurses in the country.Therefore,this review aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of job satisfaction among Ethiopian nurses using the available studies.Methods:This systematic review used the Preferred Repor ting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guideline to synthesize the evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of nurses’job satisfaction.Databases used for searching the included ar ticles from Pub Med,Embase,CINHAL,Google Scholar,HINARI,and Science Direct.All papers selected for inclusion were subjected to a rigorous appraisal using a standardized critical appraisal checklist(JBI checklist).STATA software(version 11)was used for the analysis,and 95%confidence intervals were calculated.The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity prevailing between the studies.Finally,a random effect model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of nurses’job satisfaction in the country.Results:In this review,the data of 1,151 nurses were obtained from six studies.The pooled prevalence of nurses’job satisfaction was found to be 39.53%(24.52,54.53).The prevalence of job satisfaction in the Central part of Ethiopia was low:31.12%(95%CI 5.25,56.99)compared to the South-Eastern part of Ethiopia’s 48.01%(95%CI 36.51,59.52).The most common predictors identified were salary(P<0.05),the leadership of the organization(P<0.05),and training opportunities(P<0.05).Conclusions:The pooled prevalence of job satisfaction among nurses was found to be low in comparison with global data.The significant predictors for nurses’job satisfaction are based on the review findings,salary,leadership of organization,and training opportunities.

Satisfaction of Village Doctors with the Township and Village Health Services Integration Policy in the Western Minority-inhabited Areas of China

Township and Village Health Services Integration Management（TVHSIM） is an essential form of China＇s two-tiered health service integration plan at the township and village level. Its main purpose, also one of the target goals in China＇s new healthcare reform, is to gradually integrate rural health services and appropriately allocate rural health resources. This study aims to assess the village doctors＇ satisfaction with the TVHSIM and provide scientific base to further improve TVHSIM. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 162 village doctors from Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in western China were interviewed. Descriptive analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the difference and relevance between village doctors＇ personal characteristics and their satisfaction with TVHSIM and six subscales. Village doctors with different years of practice, social insurance status and essential medical knowledge level showed statistically significant differences in their satisfaction levels（all P〈0.05）. Age（P〈0.05） and years of practice（P〈0.01） were negatively correlated with Drug and Medical Device Management and Financing Management. Essential medical knowledge level（P〈0.05） was negatively correlated with Operations Management as well. However, social insurance status（P〈0.05） was positively correlated with Human Resources Management and Drug and Medical Device management. Gender, age and years of practice respectively had significant influence on village doctors＇ satisfaction with TVHSIM（P〈0.01）. In conclusion, in order to further promote TVHSIM policy in rural China, a well-rounded social insurance model for village doctors is urgently needed. In addition, the development of TVHSIM is regionally imbalanced. Efficient and effective measures aiming at rationalizing gender and age structure and enhancing essential medical training should be carefully considered.

Relationship of Job Satisfaction with Perceived Organizational Support and Quality of Care among Saudi Nurses

Background: Both, job satisfaction with quality of provided health care is considered the main issue which directly influences the health care field because if nurses do not give the quality care to their patients then the patient dissatisfaction increased. Job satisfaction is defined as the extent of workers’ contentedness with their job, either they like the job or individual aspects or facets of jobs, such as type of work or regulation. Objective: To assess nurses’ job satisfaction and perceived organizational support with their effect on quality of provided health care in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Nurses in Saudi Arabia governmental hospitals during the period from 1st March to 30th April 2020 were invited and consecutively included. Data were collected using online questionnaire. Results: The study included 355 nurses with their ages ranged from 25 to 55 years old. Females were 216 (60.8%) of the total participants. Exact of 267 (75.2%) nurses reported that they like the type of work they do, 245 (69%) provided with satisfactory equipment to accomplish my task. There was a significant relation between organizational support and job satisfaction with their effect on quality of care. Conclusion: Organizational support positively affected nonsatisfaction which in turn positively affected quality of delivered care.

Nurses’ Job Satisfaction and Motivation: Patients’ and Nurses’ Perceptions

Background: High quality care is the main concern of healthcare administrators and it was found to be related to nurses’ job satisfaction and motivation. Purpose: The study aimed to compare patients’ and nurses’ perceptions of nurses’ job satisfaction and motivation. Method: In this cross-sectional study the participants were 315 released patients and 329 nurses from eight hospitals in northern Israel. The participants completed three questionnaires: demographics, nursing job satisfaction, and nursing job motivation. Results: Nurses perceived both job satisfaction and motivation higher than the patients. Duration of hospitalization and being accompanied by family, were positively correlated to patients’ perceptions of these variables. Conclusion/Implications for Practice: To optimize care quality, it is important to assess both patients’ and nurses’ perceptions of nurses’ job satisfaction and motivation. Such an assessment may shed light on the nursing experience and on the way that it is reflected in the patients’ experience. A system-wide process is needed to set a national standard for service quality while emphasizing strategies that promote recognition of nurses’ work, for example, compliments and acknowledgment. This could enhance nurses’ sense of work engagement, which, in turn, may increase the patients’ perception of nurses’ job satisfaction and motivation.

Job satisfaction and organizational commitment among nurses working on temporary versus permanent jobs at a tertiary care teaching hospital,Uttarakhand,India

Objective:The objective of this study was to assess and compare job satisfaction and organizational commitment among nurses working on temporary versus permanent basis at a tertiary care teaching hospital,Uttarakhand,India.Materials and Methods:A total of 250 nurses(125 temporary and 125 permanent)were selected using stratified disproportionate random sampling techniques from a tertiary care teaching hospital.Sociodemographic datasheet,Job Satisfaction Survey scale,and Organizational Commitment scale were used to collect data.Results:The study results revealed that the job satisfaction score was significantly higher in permanent nurses(139.1±15.4)than in temporary nurses(131.3±12.2)(P<0.001).However,temporary nurses(85.2±14.4)were more committed toward organization than permanent nurses(80.0±16.0)(P<0.001).There was a significant association between nurses’job satisfaction and their gross salary(P<0.001)and their organizational commitment with the selected profession by own will(P<0.001).Conclusion:The present study concluded that majority of temporary and permanent nurses reported a moderate level of job satisfaction and organizational commitment.This study suggests enhancing employee satisfaction can improve organizational commitment.As well,this study’s findings can serve as a valuable foundation for designing policies to enhance organizational commitment in the future.

Work related burnout syndrome,information satisfaction,and concern of safety among Greek nurses during the first wave of COVID-19 outbreak

Objective:To determine the levels of burnout among Greek nurses during the first wave of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and to investigate the relationship among levels of burnout,satisfaction and concern about information,personal protection equipment(PPE),and safety for COVID-19.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Data were collected by using the Burnout subscale of the Greek version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale.Questions concerning satisfaction and concern about information,PPE,and safety for COVID-19 were added.Convenience sampling method was employed.Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were applied,and distributions were tested for their symmetry using Bloom’s method.Results:The sample comprised of 301 nurses working in public and private hospitals in Greece.A moderate level of burnout was found among the Greek nurses(mean=29.95,±4.75).Regarding satisfaction and concern about information,PPE,and safety for COVID-19,nurses expressed overall low satisfaction with a mean score of 1.96(±0.77),and high levels of concern with a mean score of 3.19(±0.85).Increased satisfaction regarding the information provided was significantly associated with decreased levels of burnout(β=-1.32,P<0.001),and increased concern for COVID-19 was significantly associated with increased levels of burnout(β=0.83,P=0.010).Conclusions:Greek nurses expressed low satisfaction concerning information,PPE,and safety for COVID-19 and high levels of concern of possible COVID-19 transmission.Nevertheless,a moderate level of burnout was found.

Evidence-Based Practice and Job Satisfaction of Nurses in Long-Term Care

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between evidence-based practice (EBP) and job satisfaction among nurses working in long-term care facilities. Methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. A total of 146 nurses working in 6 long-term care facilities in South Korea self-reported their perception of EBP implementation, barriers to research utilization, and job satisfaction. Results: The level of job satisfaction was higher in nurses who were single, older, more experienced, and had a higher income. Lower perceived barriers to research utilization were associated with greater job satisfaction. However, there was no significant relationship between a level of EBP implementation and job satisfaction. Factors influencing job satisfaction included lower barriers to the organization and communication domains of research utilization, being unmarried and older. Conclusion: Decreasing barriers to research utilization may improve the job satisfaction of nurses working in long-term care facilities.

Improving job satisfaction of Chinese nurses: the positive effects of structural empowerment and psychological capital

目的:本研究探讨中国护士个人资源(心理资本)以及工作场所资源(结构性授权)对其职业满意度的影响。方法:于2018年1月至4月,采用横断面调查的方法,选取天津市三级甲等医院的注册护士为研究对象。研究工具包括一般人口学资料调查表、明尼苏达满意问卷、工作效能条件量表、心理资本问卷。共向480名护士发放问卷,其中462名护士被纳入本研究。采用层级回归分析的方法探讨职业满意度的影响因素。结果:本研究中,护士职业满意度平均分为(65.68±12.35)。层级回归分析显示,结构性授权(β=0.421,P<0.01),心理资本(β=0.227,P<0.01)以及人口学资料中的教育水平(β=0.061,P<0.05)为职业满意度的影响因素。结论:中国护士的职业满意度处于中等水平,结构性授权成为影响护士职业满意度最重要的预测因素,其次为心理资本。因此,护理管理者应采取措施,以促进护士感知工作环境授权以及提升心理资本水平从而促进护士的职业满意度。

Research on the effect of health care integration on patients’ negative emotions and satisfaction with lung cancer nursing activities

BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a clinical disease with multiple malignant tumors.Currently,it is difficult for patients to benefit from routine clinical nursing due to the lack of a pertinent and systematic approach.AIM To investigate the effect of integrated nursing care on the negative emotions and satisfaction of lung cancer patients.METHODS From January 2018 to December 2019,92 patients with lung cancer were selected and divided into the study group and the control group;there were 46 patients in each group.The control group received routine nursing,and the study group received integrated medical care in addition to the care received by the control group.Negative emotions before and after the intervention,the self-management ability score after the intervention,family care burden after the intervention and nursing satisfaction after the intervention were measured in the two groups.RESULTS After the intervention,the self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);the scores for health knowledge,self-concept,self-responsibility and self-care skills in the study group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05);the scores for individual burden and responsibility burden in the study group were lower than those before the intervention(P<0.05);and the nursing satisfaction in the study group(93.48%)was higher than that in the control group(78.26%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION An integrated nursing care approach for lung cancer patients can effectively relieve the patient’s negative feelings,improve their self-management ability,help to reduce the burden of family care and improve patient satisfaction with nursing activities.

Impact of work environment on job satisfaction and stress among hemodialysis staff in Klang Valley

Objective:To investigate the factors contributing to satisfaction with the work environment,job satisfaction(JS),and stress among hemodialysis(HD)staff in the central region of Malaysia.Methods:A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 215 HD staff working at private and non-government(NGO)dialysis centers using self-administered questionnaires.The chi-square test was used to determine factors associated with HD staff's JS,stress,and working environment.Results:The scientific proof was apparent that the working environment had an effect on JS and stress among employees at HD centers.Conclusions:This research offers useful insights into the essence and complexities of HD staff's work and will help nurses,dialysis managers,other dialysis personnel,and organizations to better understand the benefits and stresses faced by these workers.

The level of patients’ satisfaction and perception on quality of nursing services in the Renal unit, Kenyatta National Hospital Nairobi, Kenya

Introduction: Renal failure is on the increase and patients have to identify with renal services and centres where services for renal replacement therapies are rendered. This calls for health care workers to offer services that are perceived as quality and satisfying in order to meet the biophysical and psychological needs of the patients. Study design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study undertaken at the Renal unit of Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). Purpose: The study aimed at determining the level of satisfaction and perception of the quality of nursing services in the Renal unit. Methodology: The study population included all patients who were seeking dialysis services during one month period of data collection. The sample size was 151 following data collection. Data collection tools consisted of semi-structured questionnaires which were administered with the aid of research assistants as well as checklists which were self administered. Data analysis and results: Analysis of data was performed using the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 16. Results of data analysis were presented in form of descriptive statistics which included mean, standard deviation and percentages. Regression analysis, t-test and ANOVA were conducted to determine demographic predictors of patient satisfaction with the nursing services. The results of the study revealed that patients in the Renal unit were generally satisfied with the nursing services. The aggregate mean score for all patients on Likert scale was 71.2 out of 105, with a standard deviation of 16.8. Level of satisfaction was 67.8%. The findings also showed that there was no association between demographic characteristics with the levels of satisfaction with the nursing services. Recommendation: The hospital should keep the patients’ level of satisfaction high and maintain it through the provision of more dialysis machines and hiring more nurses.

An analysis on factors affecting patients' satisfaction to nursing care

Objective The purpose of this investigation was to identify the novel factors involved in patients' satisfaction with nursing care.Methods A cohort of 1860 consecutive inpatients were registered.Questionnaire including a total of 13 questions was carried out.Overall satisfaction and single satisfaction were calculated as follows,respectively.Overall satisfaction=(yearly total content +yearly total relative content)/yearly total cases/yearly times of questionnaire×100%,and single satisfaction=yearly total content or yearly total relative content or yearly total non-content/yearly total cases participating in corresponding item×100%.The item with the least score was further analyzed to find out the pivotal factor responsible for it.Results The research showed that 52%,64%,83%,of the cases felt satisfactory with the ward environment,the diet,the bed and quilt,respectively.As for the management of the hospital,91% of patients felt satisfactory,3% of patients felt unsatisfactory,and 6%,relatively satisfactory.The factors associated with participants' satisfaction towards the nursing care were lack of the knowledge related to diseases or diet,hospital environment,hospital management,and nursing service.Conclusion The most important factor associated with paticipants' satisfaction towards the nursing care attributes lack of the special knowledge related to diseases or diet.

Effect of comprehensive nursing on the quality of life and swallowing function in individuals diagnosed with ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke(IS)is a widely recognized disease characterized by high preva-lence,mortality,morbidity,disability,and recurrence rates.It ranks prominently in terms of mortality,constituting 60%-80%of stroke cases.AIM To explore the impact of comprehensive nursing care on the quality of life and swallowing function in individuals diagnosed with IS.METHODS This study comprised 172 patients with IS admitted to our hospital between February 2018 to March 2021.The participants were divided into two groups,namely the control group(n=80)receiving routine care and the research group(n=92)receiving comprehensive care.Various assessment scales,including the standard swallowing function assessment scale(SSA),National Institutes of Health Stroke scale(NIHSS),European stroke scale(ESS),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),Barthel index(BI),and the motor func-tion assessment scale(MAS),were employed to evaluate the improvement in swallowing function,neurological deficits,clinical outcomes,anxiety,depression,daily living activities,and motor function before and after care.Furthermore,the study compared the occurrence of adverse reactions during the nursing period,life quality before and after the intervention,rehabilitation compliance,and nursing satisfaction between the two groups.RESULTS After the nursing intervention,the research group exhibited significantly improved SSA and NIHSS scores compared to the control group(P<0.05).Moreover,both groups demonstrated significant reductions in SAS and SDS scores(P<0.05),with the research group showing more obvious advantages(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,the research group displayed significantly better ESS,BI,and MAS scores(P<0.05),coupled with a lower incidence of adverse reactions(P<0.05).Additionally,the research group demonstrated markedly higher levels of life quality,rehabilitation compliance,and nursing satisfaction compared to the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Comprehensive nursing effectively improved swallowing function,quality of life,and patient satisfaction,high-lighting its clinical significance.