Russian Music of the Soviet Era: For Archive or Forever

The purpose of the article is to present several topics in Russian music of the Soviet era(roughly 1920-1990).The time that has passed since the fall of the Iron Curtain allows us to rethink and revise the cultural treasures of seven decades and reassess new research of the last decade,carried out both by people who previously gained a reputation as an authority in Soviet culture,and by scientists who came from this environment and began sharing their vision of the subject after acquiring the skills of a Western scholar.The article is based mainly on the latter research and tries to see its subject as a complete picture,albeit with missing details,so to speak,a postmodern picture that requires the reader to participate in its refinement.The methodological basis of this study is working with published sources through the critical lens of cultural anthropology as it has developed and presently looks.

Christianity: What Should It Do With a New Situation?

Is the Christian doctrine espoused by contemporary Christians really the true meaning of Christ?What is the basic doctrine of Christ?How should believers believe in and practice Christian doctrine?This article analyzes this and distinguishes between the faithful of Christ and that of the church,two types of believers who are similar in form but not identical in nature.

Procedural Transition in the Principle of the Best Interests of the Child in the Eyes of the European Court of Human Rights

The principle of the best interests of the child,as a criterion for substantive review,is conceptually ambiguous and uncertain in its application.To mitigate this dilemma in the application of the principle of the best interests of the child,the European Court of Human Rights(ECHR)has made a procedural transition in the interpretation and application of this principle,shifting from conducting specific proportionality analysis or interests balancing in cases related to children to examining whether States Parties have applied the principle of the best interests of the child in their judicial procedures.Moreover,ECHR has developed three procedural review schemes:holistic reviews,key factors-based reviews and factor list-based reviews.Compared with substantive reviews,procedural reviews adhere to the ECHR doctrine of margin of appreciation,restrict the free discretion of the court,give play to the effect of procedural autonomy,and pursue the value of subjective procedural justice,which has its own unique theoretical value and practical significance,and provides a feasible reference for China to interpret and apply the principle of the best interests of the child.

Is Feminism a Positive Force?

The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective. This month we discuss the importance of feminism.Feminism is a doctrine advocating equal rights for women. It is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. Feminism is more about equal rights and not about sameness since men and women are not the same physically.

Examining the Burden Reduction Policy for Primary and Secondary School Teachers in China:A Framework Analysis Centered on the Rational Selection of Institutional Doctrine

The“burden reduction”policy aims to reduce the workload of primary and secondary school teachers to alleviate their burdens.While it has improved the quality of teachers,implementation challenges still exist.This study utilizes rational choice institutionalism and Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development framework to examine the policy.By considering the preferences of the Ministry of Education,local governments,schools,and teachers,it explores interactions and outcomes,identifies challenges,and provides policy suggestions.

乡土建筑中的传统文化印记——以临沣寨为例

临沣寨作为中国封建社会晚期的村落,体现的是当时仕绅阶层儒雅有度的仕、商、耕、读的文化理念。笔者就其民居建筑体现的礼制文化、和合中庸文化为内容进行研究分析。1"别"与"序"之礼制文化1.1"别"之礼1.1.1内外之"别"。

PHP平台开源ORM库Doctrine的应用

研究了传统数据库访问技术的缺点、ORM技术的原理和优点,以及PHP平台的ORM实现库Doctrine的技术要点,最后介绍了Doctrine技术在项目中的实际应用效果。

Against the Authority of Books:Hobbes and the Invention of Political Science

In an age when political thinkers were writing books full of quotations of ancient and modern authors,Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury(1588-1679)developed a philosophical system which was based on scientific method rather than on the authority of books.He emphasized that the absurdities that philosophers fall into are actually due precisely to a lack of method and to the habit of quoting other thinkers as if the truth was to be found in their words.It is certainly not inappropriate to read what philosophers,historians,and poets wrote,whether for pure amusement or to find intellectual spurs useful for one’s own research and speculation;but the written word should not be confused with the truth.In the investigation aimed at discovering the truth in political matters,the philosopher must use his own intellect,relying on the strength of reasoning.Thus,political philosophy becomes a science:the science of“consequences from the accidents of politic bodies”.With his reflections on scientia civilis,Thomas Hobbes may be considered the inventor of political science.

《英美文学选读》辅导(13)

Ⅰ.文学常识1.Calvinism (加尔文主义) -It is the theological system of John Calvin. Its key principle is that God, not man, is central and supreme. Hence scripture is the source of doctrine.2. original sin (原罪)-In Christian theology, it is the state of sinfulness in which all mankind

A Brief Analysis of the Themes of The Journey to the West

The Journey to the West has adopted a conventional theme--life is a journey;in order to deliver one's soul,one has to go on the path of salvation.The purpose of this paper is to examine what steps the author has taken to enlighten the readers as to the progress of spiritual salvation.In view of this purpose,the analysis will be focused on the preaching of religious doctrines and the criticism of social realities in the novel.

The Christian Doctrines of Salvation at the Earlier Stages of The Pilgrim's Progress

John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress has been written to preach the Christian doctrines of salvation.Therefore its allegorical protagonists have gradually gone through four stages of development on the path to salvation.This paper is focused on the earlier two stages,that is,the repentance of sins and the temptations after conversion.

Pilgrim's Progress, Progress of Salvation

Through a comparative analysis of The Pilgrim's Progress and The Journey to the West, the paper aims to reveal what common ground is shared by the two novels and what light is thrown on the theme of spiritual salvation. The fruit of the study leads to a conclusion that both novels have employed religious doctrines and social criticisms to make the theme of spiritual salvation more palatable for their readers.

Harmonious World and Neo-idealism

Chinese leaders have time and again talked about the wish to build a"harmonious world."The authors believe that this can be seen as a new attempt to deal with world affairs using the doctrine of idealism or neo-idealism.Unlike the failed idealism of the early years in last century, the authors believe that this time neo-idealism has a fairly good chance of succeeding due to changes of the international environment.

Church Music and Atheistic Ideology in the Last Decade of the USSR

Authoritarian societies that follow certain rules in the religious,cultural,and political realms tend to be little tolerant of other views and practices.There is a very revealing research niche for the study of“otherness”in the regulated fields of human activity.Yet,a niche within a niche is a study of historical or,in any case,former practices that come back to life after a gap of many decades.This is the case with church music of the last decade of Soviet history that has returned to artistic practice after a sixty-year ban.The article examines the socio-cultural circumstances that accompanied the creation of a number of works in various church genres written by professional Soviet composers,supported by a brief description of these works.Information about atheistic ideology,cultural doctrine,music management,and church life in the USSR completes the range of topics discussed.

THE PROGRESS IN THE RESEARCH ON CHANNELS AND COLLATERALS

The doctrine of channels and collaterals isone of the key theories of Traditional ChineseMedicine (TCM). It has been guiding the clini-cal practice of every department of TCM andruns through the physiology, pathology, diag-nostics and therapeutics of TCM. According

Plato Revealed: Alexander of Aphrodisias and His Philosophical Historiography

Alexander of Aphrodisias’s Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics is an important testimony to understand Plato’s philosophy.In fact,Alexander uses some lost Aristotelian books,especially a work On the Good,from which we learn that Plato’s metaphysics is adialectical metaphysics,founded on an original opposition of two principles that shapes the whole reality—these principles being the One and the indefinite Dyad.Sensible things participate in ideas(they receive their being from ideas)and the intermediate mathematical entities lie between these two realities.However,ideas can be traced back to ideal numbers and the principles of ideal numbers are the One and the indefinite Dyad.Thus,these principles constitute their metaphysical foundation of ideas and,through the ideas,of the whole reality.

Brief Reflection on Modern Orthodox Christian Teaching About Social and Economic Issues

In 2000 Russian Orthodox Church adopted“The Basis of Social Concept of Russian Orthodox Church”.Until now the mentioned document remains the only social doctrine officially accepted by any Orthodox Church.The article tries to understand the reasons behind the elaboration of the mentioned doctrine and analyzes its content.The document fails to grasp fully the ongoing processes in the secular society and in the wider world.The present acute social problems,e.g.,unemployment,corruption,public finance embezzlement,are either slightly touched upon or avoided.The approaches towards socio-economic issues are general and broad lacking the necessary insights.The meanings of economic activities are archaic.The doctrine does not negate entrepreneurship and wealth but is critical to the purpose and forms of the economic activity.It is quite odd that there is no analysis of secularity which has seriously undermined the position of the church.The doctrine demonstrates the softer approach towards the wealth-creation criticizes the idle poverty and highlights the position of the church as an opponent of income inequality.Conclusion is that despite the shortcomings,“The Basis of Social Concept of Russian Orthodox Church”is a strategic document,an attempt of the Russian Orthodox Church to define its earthly place within the dynamic modern society.The social doctrine is not finished product but rather a process of thought and lays foundation for the further construction of the social doctrine.

Baseless American Judicialization of COVID-19 Pandemic

A recent U.S.attack against China,fueled by President Donald Trump’s belligerent rhetoric,uses the law as a weapon.Trump blames China for the novel coronavirus pandemic by calling COVID-19“Chinese virus.”In doing so,he assumed to be freed from all risks and responsibilities,and encouraged Sinophobia in his country,where the Chinese represent the second-largest immigrant group after the Mexicans.It was expected that the“America First”doctrine would lead to a protectionism foreign policy,even unilateralist policy in some issues.However,such doctrine should not be implemented without considering the minimum standards of good diplomacy and international law.

On the Dual Attributes of Charitable Trusts in China

Based on the legal attribute of charitable trusts(CTs), they should be interpreted as organizations.In practice, CTs are not only a type of trust but also a charitable organization with unique dual attributes focusing on public welfare and profitability.Their core function is to achieve the goal of charity by using the trust as a tool, although they have the characteristics of a trust in terms of external representation.The dual attributes of CTs present new challenges in terms of governance mechanisms, which must be different from those of traditional charitable organizations and the general corporate governance mechanisms applied to trust companies.

PERSONIFICATION与拟人

Personification(拟人、人格化)是把人以外的物当作人来描写,把原来只适用于人的动词、形容词、名词或代词等用于写物,赋予它以人的行为动作或思想感情,这种修辞手法语言形象生动,寄情于物,借物抒情,意境新颖,感染力强。无生物、动物、抽象概念均可拟人化。