The Role of Impulsivity and Addiction in Gambling Behaviors: How Applied Neuroscience Research Can Help in the Monitoring and Management of Mental Health Issues

One in five Americans experience symptoms associated with at least one mental health disorder every year. These include behavioral addictions, which have long been overlooked despite their similar neural bases with substance addictions. Gambling addiction, a type of behavioral addiction, deserves particular attention given the significant negative effects, this addiction has on financial and interpersonal health. The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature concerning the behavioral and neural processes involved in gambling addiction, including: the anticipation of reward, the role of dopamine, and the neural substrates of the decision-making processes involved in gambling addiction. Market research has also identified solutions that integrate applied neuroscience and self-tracking systems to monitor and manage mental health issues associated with gambling addiction. The authors then propose a gambling treatment-focused mobile app solution that addresses outstanding issues with a special design aimed at reversing plasticity in order to relieve the effects of gambling addiction. .

Online Gambling Addiction in Parakou (Benin, 2022)

Introduction: Online gambling is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. With its well-crafted visual and audio marketing, it is attracting more and more young people in Africa, where problems linked to employment and poverty are undermining youth. The consequences of gaming-related practices for health in general, and mental health in particular, are not negligible. The aim of this study was to measure the extent of the phenomenon within an urban community in Benin. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with analytical aim conducted in the general population of Parakou, northern Benin, from December 2021 to November 2022. A self-administered questionnaire incorporating DSM 5 criteria for pathological gambling was used to collect data. Results: A total of 576 subjects divided into 30 clusters of 19 to 20 individuals consented to participate in the study. The proportion of gamblers was 30.56%. The prevalence of pathological gambling calculated according to DSM 5 criteria was 24.65% [21.31% - 28.33%] in the general population. The prevalence of severe pathological gambling was estimated at 8.16% [5.96% - 10.44%] in the general population. The prevalence of anxiety was 28.30% ([24.62% - 31.98%]), compared with 15.10% ([12.18% - 18.02%]) for depression. Factors with a significant association with pathological gambling were: age, access to online gambling, access to video games, exposure to gambling advertisement, having gambling friends, debt accumulation. A statistically significant link was also found between pathological gambling and anxiety/depression. Conclusion: The reality of pathological gambling in northern Benin calls for effective preventive action among vulnerable groups at national level, involving various actors at different levels.

Effects of Emotion on Decision-Making ofMethamphetamine Users: Based on theEmotional Iowa Gambling Task

The relapse of methamphetamine (meth) is associated with decision-making dysfunction. The present study aims to investigate theimpact of different emotions on the decision-making behavior of meth users. We used 2 (gender: male, female) × 3 (emotion:positive, negative, neutral) × 5 (block: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) mixed experiment design. The study involved 168 meth users who weredivided into three groups: positive emotion, negative emotion and neutral emotion group, and tested by the emotional IowaGambling Task (IGT). The IGT performance of male users exhibited a decreasing trend from Block 1 to Block 3. Female methusers in positive emotion had the best performance in IGT than females in the other two groups. In positive emotion, the IGTperformance of female meth users was significantly better than that of men. Female meth users in positive emotion had betterdecision-making than those in negative or neutral emotion. Female meth users in positive emotion had better decision-makingperformance than males in positive emotion. In negative and neutral emotions, there was no significant gender difference indecision-making.

Examining the Burden Reduction Policy for Primary and Secondary School Teachers in China:A Framework Analysis Centered on the Rational Selection of Institutional Doctrine

The“burden reduction”policy aims to reduce the workload of primary and secondary school teachers to alleviate their burdens.While it has improved the quality of teachers,implementation challenges still exist.This study utilizes rational choice institutionalism and Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development framework to examine the policy.By considering the preferences of the Ministry of Education,local governments,schools,and teachers,it explores interactions and outcomes,identifies challenges,and provides policy suggestions.

液芯光纤及用Gambling法确定其模变换系数

光纤通讯中,模变换直接影响带宽和功率的模间分布。在光纤传感中,模变换还对干涉条纹有很大影响。因此,对模类型及模变换系数的研究是非常重要的。理论和实验表明,模变换主要来源于光纤结构不均匀以及内应力、外部压力、弯曲等。

PHP平台开源ORM库Doctrine的应用

研究了传统数据库访问技术的缺点、ORM技术的原理和优点,以及PHP平台的ORM实现库Doctrine的技术要点,最后介绍了Doctrine技术在项目中的实际应用效果。

The Christian Doctrines of Salvation at the Earlier Stages of The Pilgrim's Progress

John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress has been written to preach the Christian doctrines of salvation.Therefore its allegorical protagonists have gradually gone through four stages of development on the path to salvation.This paper is focused on the earlier two stages,that is,the repentance of sins and the temptations after conversion.

Possible effect of blonanserin on gambling disorder:A clinical study protocol and a case report

BACKGROUND Gambling disorder is characterized by excessive and recurrent gambling and can have serious negative social consequences.Although several psychotherapeutic and pharmacological approaches have been used to treat gambling disorder,new treatment strategies are needed.Growing evidence suggests that dopamine D3 receptor plays a specific role in the brain reward system.AIM To investigate if blonanserin,a dopamine D3 receptor antagonist,would be effective in reducing gambling impulses in patients with gambling disorder.METHODS We developed a study protocol to measure the efficacy and safety of blonanserin as a potential drug for gambling disorder,in which up to 12 mg/d of blonanserin was prescribed for 8 wk.RESULTS A 37-year-old female patient with gambling disorder,intellectual disability,and other physical diseases participated in the pilot study.The case showed improvement of gambling symptoms without any psychotherapy.However,blonanserin was discontinued owing to excessive saliva production.CONCLUSION This case suggests that blonanserin is potentially an effective treatment for patients with gambling disorder who resist standard therapies,but it also carries a risk of adverse effects. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings.

Misperceptions of peer gambling norms among adolescents: Analysis of a national sample in Finland

Introduction: Misperceptions of peer drinking norms are widely documented in the US student populations and are associated with increased personal consumption. Few studies have examined misperceptions of peer gambling, and none of these have been conducted among adolescents in the European context. In a national sample, we examined misperceptions of peer gambling in Finland. Tenets of the social norms approach form a framework for discussion of the findings. Methods: Participants were 4526 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years who completed the nationwide Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey in 2011. Main measures were gambling behavior and the perception of same age-sex peers’ gambling. Misperception was an overestimation of the frequency of gambling by others compared to the actual frequency of gambling. Results: Adolescents held substantial misperceptions of peer gambling, imagining they gambled much more than they actually did. Age, sex, and gambling behavior were correlated with the perceptions. The extent of misperception was greatest among monthly gamblers, whereas non-gamblers and daily gamblers were more accurate in their perceptions. Estimations of peers’ gambling frequency were more accurate in boys than in girls and among those aged 12 years than among older adolescents. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that adolescent gambling prevention efforts could benefit from adopting a social norms approach;that is, correcting gambling-related misperceptions might discourage gambling and protect adolescents from adopting more severe gambling patterns.

Gambling and Impulsivity: An Exploratory Study in a French Adolescent Population

Pathological gambling can be a serious problem, more so to a vulnerable population such as adolescents and youth. This study aims to investigate the links between gambling behaviours and impulsivity through a multidimensional approach in a French adolescent population. A secondary aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of pathological gambling behaviour amongst adolescents who are not meant to have legal access to such games. We administered the UPPS Impulsive behaviour Scale (UPPS-P) and the Canadian Pathological Gambling Index CPGI to 1800 adolescents aged between 11 to 17 years. Our results indicate that 33% of subjects have gambled at least once during the last year and that girls gamble as much as boys (17% and 16% respectively). Scratch games are the most common games played by adolescents (81.4%). We also notice that 1.6% of our population has problematic gambling behaviour. Although we found that many dimensions of impulsivity (Urgency, Positive urgency and Sensation seeking) are correlated to gambling behaviour, only sensation seeking seems to be a good predictor of pathological gambling severity. These results can be taken into account in the development of prevention programs.

New Sino-US Strategic Gambling and China’s Strategy

Since confidence is fading and anxiety is increasing in the US,America’s China policy has become more radical. In the short term, the US has the upper hand and China is in a relatively passive position. In the medium-and long-term, there will be more balance between them. This current strategic gambling between China and the US will be the major issue of international politics in the first half of the 21 st century and the most prominent external challenge China faces. China needs to make strategic adjustments but the gamble may be worthwhile in correcting imbalance in the international order and in the co-evolution of the two countries.

Examination of Screening of the Pachinko/Pachislot Playing Disorder Based on Gambling Disorder Scales

Pachinko and pachislot are unique forms of entertainment that dominate gambling activities in Japan. In this study, a web survey and interview were conducted in order to adjust three scales (DSM-5, SOGS, and PGSI) to pachinko/pachislot and explore an appropriate cutoff point for each of them. Using the assessment result in the interview as the outcome, the ROC curve of each scale was examined. The cutoff points were 4, 7, and 8 and the area under the curves (AUC) were 0.730, 0.783, and 0.724 for the DSM-5, SOGS, and PGSI, respectively. The study found that the type and situation of gambling influenced cutoff points in different ways depending on the questions asked in the scale.

Pathological Gambling after Administration of Pramipexole

Parkinson’s disease is a common condition usually treated by dopaminergic agents and many behavioral abnormalities such as impulse control disorders (ICD) are connected with that usage. Pathological gambling, a form of ICD includes is a clinical condition that disrupts personal, family and occupational activity. Pramipexole a D2 AND D3 agonist may be associated with pathological gambling. We present a case of 74-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD). His doctor advised him to take pramipexole 0.18 mg/p.o./day. A month after the onset of treatment he manifested a behavior of pathological gambling. After the discontinuation of the drug all this behavior was interrupted.

The Doctrine of Human Personality--Political Doctrine of the Future

The Doctrine of Human Personality wants to be the main political doctrine of mankind, which wishes to begin a new era of political, economical and social relations worldwide. A New World Order is ultimately necessary because the age of National States has passed long ago and all relations among the citizens of Earth are influenced and dominated by Globalization, thus it needs a single world Government and a global Parliament. For too long darkness kept a tight grip on mankind, now it is the time to put an end to this darkness and let humanity begin its true evolution through this new doctrine, the Doctrine of Human Personality.

Three Versions on tian's Translations in Doctrine of the Mean

Since ancient times,"heaven"has been indispensable in the traditional books of the communist party of China.The English translation of traditional books has become the mainstream of The Times.Currently,the translation levels of the translated versions are uneven,and there are great differences in the translation of some keywords.This paper mainly discusses the different translations of"heaven"in section 1 of the English translation of theof the Mean by James Legge,Gu Hongming,Roger T.Ames and David Hall.

Pilot Study of Problem Gambling in Specialized Substance Use Disorder Treatment—High Lifetime Prevalence of Problem Gambling in Opioid Maintenance Treatment Patients

Problem gambling is over-represented in patients treated for substance use disorders, but substance-specific prevalence of problem gambling is rarely reported. In specialized addiction treatment facilities for opioid maintenance treatment and for alcohol and prescription drug dependence, respectively, 129 patients were screened for problem gambling using the NODS-CLiP. The lifetime prevalence of problem gambling was markedly higher in opioid maintenance treatment (61 percent) than in alcohol and prescription drug dependence treatment (11 percent, p < 0.001). When controlling for gender and age, problem gambling remained significantly associated with opioid maintenance treatment. The present study demonstrated a very high prevalence of lifetime problem gambling in opioid maintenance treatment patients. This calls for active screening for problem gambling in substance use disorder patients, and mainly in treatment for opioid dependence.

Analysis on the Cy-Pres Doctrine in the Public Benefit Trust

Public benefit trust is of great significance to the development of social public welfare, and the cy-pres doctrine as a special principle of public benefit trust, plays an important role in protecting the continuation of public benefit trust, and the realization and reasonable use of high-efficiency trust properties. In this paper, therefore, the origin, establishment, and development trend of the approximation principle as well as its current legislative situation in China are studied, and also its applicability of the Cy-Pres doctrine in China＇s public benefit trust is briefly evaluated, so as to further deepen the understanding of the Cy-Pres doctrine and develop the public benefit trust undertakings in China.

Retrospect on the Thought of Clean Government in History and Today -- Based on the Doctrine of Evil Human Nature of Syun Zih

In recent years,with the accelerating development of the socialist market economy and the process of globalization,corruption has appeared and become more and more serious,causing serious harm to the interests of the state and people,so the construction of a clean and honest government draws people’s attention.The doctrine of evil human nature of Syun Zih explained profound theories concerning the nature of human beings and the view of interest with simple language,from which the origin of the construction of a clean and honest government could be found.As a result,we can have a right starting point,representing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people in the long-term exploration.The doctrine of evil human nature of Syun Zih plays an irreplaceable role in the correct understanding and analysis of the construction of a clean and honest government and the construction of the incorrupt government culture.

Dalai Disavows Guardian of Buddhist Doctrine

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