Development and Experimental Study of Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater

The principle and development prospect of air source heat pump water heat were introduced,as well as the designation of condenser (storage water tank),experimental study on installations was also carried out.The results showed that air source heat pump water heater was superior to conventional system.Under the operation of cooling and heating,heat pump comprehensive utilization equipment could improve heating performance,reduce energy consumption,and recycle condensing heat to provide hot water.

Experimental study on characteristics of transcritical heat pump water heater using refrigerant HFC125

To evaluate the performance of heat pumps using refrigerant HFC125,an experimental rig of a DC-inverter heat pump water heater is designed and set up,and the research on the transcritical heat pump water heater is carried out experimentally.It is found that there is a top value of the coefficient of performance（COP）when the system runs at 95 Hz of frequency.The relationships between the COP and compressor frequency,condensation pressure,evaporation pressure,condensation water temperature rise,and discharge temperature are discussed and analyzed at 95 Hz.And the COP of the HFC125 transcritical cycle is also compared with that of a R410 subcritical heat pump under the same conditions.The results indicate that there exists an optimum frequency for a better COP,and the system COP shows an increasing tendency with the decrease in condensation pressure and compressor ratio while the evaporation pressure remains invariant,and the COP decreases rapidly when cooling water temperature rises over 47.5 ℃.Compared with the R410A sub-critical cycle,the COP of HFC125 transcritical cycle significantly increases by 12% on average.

Experimental Study of Thermoelectric Heat Pump Water Heater with Exhaust Heat Recovery from Kitchens

A new kind of thermoelectric heat pump water heater for kitchens exhaust heat recovery was presented,and its performances were investigated under different operating voltages.The experiment results show that the coefficient of performance decreases and the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides becomes larger with the increase of the operating voltage,but the heating time becomes short.The higher the temperature of water,the greater the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides,leading to a smaller coefficient of performance.Under an exhaust temperature of 36 ℃,the coefficient of performance decreases from 1.66 to 1.22 when the temperature of water increases from 28 ℃ to 46 ℃ with operating voltage 16 V.Performance tests illustrate that,compared with the conventional electrical water heaters,the new kind of thermoelectric heat pump water heater is more coefficient.

Numerical and Experimental Study on Dynamic Performance of Heat Pump Water Heater with Electronic Expansion Valve

A series of experiments on the dynamic performance of the HPWH （heat pump water heater） unit with EXV （electronic expansion valve） under different environmental conditions were conducted. The dynamic heating capacity and COP （coefficient of performance） of the HPWH unit under different EXV openings were measured. The effects of the EXV opening on the performance of the HPWH unit were analyzed. Meanwhile, the dynamic performance of the HPWH with EXV was simulated and the results were compared with the experimental one. The experimental results indicate that during heating process, the COP increases firstly and then decreases for a fixed EXV opening, which is in good agreement with the numerical result. For different EXV openings, the COP and heating capacity of the system using larger EXV opening are superior to those using the smaller one in the initial heating stage. While in the late stage, the performance of system using smaller EXV opening is better. It is found that the system performance is improved significantly by changing the EXV opening in the different heating period and the average COP of the HPWH system is increased by 7.6%.

Performance and Optimization of Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater with Cyclic Heating

A new type of microchannel condenser applied in the air source heat pump water heater(ASHPWH)with cyclic heating was proposed in this study.The operating performance of the ASHPWH was frst tested.Then,the structure of the microchannel condenser was optimized with the implement of vortex generators.Finally,a numerical model of the ASHPWH was established and the optimized microchannel condenser was studied.The experimental results showed that the average coefficient of performance(COP)of the 1HP(735 W)ASHPWH reached 3.48.In addition,the optimized microchannel condenser could be matched with a 3 HP(2430W)ASHPWH with an average heating capacity of 10.30 kW,and achieving an average COP of 4.24,14.6%higher than the limit value in the national standard.

Thermodynamic Simulation of CCP in Air-Cooled Heat Pump Unit with HFCs and CO₂Trans-Critical

The exergy analysis and finite time thermodynamic methods had been employed to analyze the compound condensation process (CCP). It was based on the air-cooling heat pump unit. The cooling capacity of the chiller unit is about 1 kW, and the work refrigerant is R22/R407C/R410A/CO2. The MATLAB/SIMULINK software was employed to build the simulation model. The thermodynamic simulation model is significant for the optimization of parameters of the unit, such as condensation and evaporation temperature and mass flow of the sanitary hot water and size of hot water storage tank. The COP of the CCP of R410A system is about 3% - 5% higher than the CCP of the R22 system, while CCP of the R407C system is a little lower than the CCP of R22 system. And the CCP of CO2 trans-critical system has advantage in the hot supply mode. The simulation method provided a theoretical reference for developing the production of CCP with substitute refrigerant R407C/R410A/CO2.

家用空气源热泵热水器微通道冷凝器仿真研究

为提升家用空气源热泵热水器水箱外微通道冷凝器的性能,建立了家用空气源热泵热水器水箱外微通道冷凝器的准稳态模型,实验验证结果显示模型误差能控制在±9%以内。依据模型对微通道冷凝器的换热量、换热系数、压降等性能进行仿真研究。结果发现,微通道冷凝器为四流程时能够减小压降并保证换热量满足需要;关键参数微通道截面的最佳尺寸在1.6~2.6 mm^(2)系统性能最优,同时扁管内微通道数应控制在16~24根。研究结果为家用空气源热泵热水器微通道冷凝器的设计提供借鉴。

风机转速对CO_(2)空气源热泵热水器性能影响的试验研究

为了定量探究CO_(2)空气源热泵热水器系统性能随风机转速的变化规律,通过试验研究了不同工况下,改变风机转速对排气压力、过热度、CO_(2)质量流量、系统制热量、系统总功耗以及制热性能系数COP的影响;利用响应曲面法对试验进行了优化分析,同时利用试验数据拟合了COP回归模型,并进行可信度分析;通过回归模型预测了系统的最优运行工况并进行试验验证。结果表明:在压缩机频率和电子膨胀阀(EEV)开度一定的情况下,存在着最佳风机转速;在45~85 Hz范围内,随着压缩机频率的提高,COP先增大后减小,增幅最高可达8.97%,各频率下COP最大时对应的最佳风机转速不断减小;随着EEV开度在35%~55%范围内不断增大,COP先增大后减小,增幅可达到6.6%,各EEV开度下COP最大时对应的最佳风机转速不断增大;当压缩机频率为65 Hz、EEV开度为50%时,对应的最佳风机转速为1000 r/min,系统COP达到峰值(4.09)。本文所拟合的COP回归模型最大误差为4.5%;预测系统最优运行工况为:压缩机频率68 Hz、EEV开度52%、风机转速956 r/min,此时系统COP最大,可达到4.29,预测误差为3.7%。本研究可为CO_(2)空气源热泵热水器系统保持高效运行提供理论指导。

基于夹点的带喷射器CO_(2)热泵系统性能分析

为了研究带喷射器的跨临界CO_(2)内部过冷热泵系统(TCISE),基于夹点建立了TCISE的热力学模型,分析了冷却水进出水温度及流量对系统性能的影响。研究表明:冷却水进水温度从25℃降低到15℃时,最优高压压力从9.3 MPa降至8.8 MPa,降低了5.4%,最大COP从3.83提升至4.27,提高了11.49%;TCISE存在临界冷却水出水温度和临界冷却水质量流量,当冷却水进水温度一定时,在出水温度低于临界出水温度或质量流量高于临界质量流量时,系统COP保持不变。

CO2水源热泵热水机气体冷却器的实验研究

为了研究气体冷却器对CO2水源热泵热水机效率的影响,设计两种结构参数不同的套管式气体冷却器Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,并建立相应的CO2水源热泵热水机实验系统。理论分析气体冷却器Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型的传热特性,结果表明,Ⅱ型较Ⅰ型水侧和CO2侧热阻均有所降低,传热系数提高18%。采用热力学完善度和相对热力学完善度影响指数评价指标对不同气体冷却器的实验系统性能进行对比分析。结果表明:在实验比较工况下,气体冷却器Ⅱ型的传热系数普遍高于气体冷却器Ⅰ型,且其平均值约提高5%。当蒸发温度为0℃时,采用气体冷却器Ⅱ型的实验系统热力学完善度(ηh,Ⅱ)比采用气体冷却器Ⅰ型的实验系统热力学完善度(ηh,Ⅰ)提高约16%。

CO2跨临界循环热泵热水器用气冷器的优化设计

在设计工况下,建立了用于CO2跨临界循环热泵热水器的套管式气冷器的稳态分布参数模型,对其结构参数进行了敏感性分析,指出了它们的合理变化范围:管内套1根管时,内管外径应至少大于8.00mm,低于10.00mm,外管内径应在11.00mm以上,13.00mm以下;管内套多根管时,3根管性能最优。优化设计结果对CO2气冷器产品的开发具有一定的指导意义。

带气液调配蒸发器空气源热泵热水器的实验研究

气液调配蒸发器通过调整干度和质量流速实现传热性能提升。分别将两个管程布置为4-2-4-6-4(蒸发器1)和5-4-3-4-4(蒸发器2)的气液调配蒸发器用于热泵热水器中(分别为系统A和系统B)进行实验,并进行了对比研究。结果表明:相比于蒸发器1,蒸发器2制冷剂分布更均匀,且蒸发器侧压降减小了10.91%。在名义工况下,相比于系统A,系统B制热量减少1.69%,功率也减少1.45%,两个系统COP基本相同。系统B的排气压力比系统A小26.35~84.78 kPa,更有利于压缩机的安全运行;在不同的环境温度下,系统B的压缩机功耗均小于系统A,当环境温度为30℃时,系统B的性能比系统A提高了2.1%。

采用电子膨胀阀和毛细管的空气源热泵热水器性能对比实验研究

为研究不同节流方式对空气源热泵热水器性能的影响,分别以毛细管(CAP)和电子膨胀阀(EEV)作为节流元件研制了样机,通过实验对比研究其运行特征。结果表明:CAP系统的吸气过热度能稳定在1℃左右;CAP系统的排气温度相对更低,约比EEV系统低15℃;加热同样一箱水,CAP系统的制热速度更快;EEV系统的COP和全年性能系数(APF)均高于CAP系统,但在名义工况下CAP系统具有与EEV系统相当的制热COP。综合考虑制热性能及初投资等因素,可根据需要优先采用毛细管作为节流装置。

CO2热泵热水机发展现状

随着对臭氧层破坏和温室效应的不断关注,高GWP值制冷剂的使用将不断受到限制,自然制冷剂和近自然制冷剂将得到快速发展,其中CO_2作为自然制冷剂将发挥重要作用。本文介绍CO_2作为制冷剂的一般特性及其原理,总结CO_2热泵热水机采用的标准及其优势,并介绍其国内外发展现状,呼吁进一步发展CO_2热泵热水机。

一款改进的家用热回收空调热力性能实验研究

为提高家用空调器利用率并节能减排,通过改进得到一款具有制冷、供暖、全天候供热水和冷凝热回收制取热水四种功能的热回收空调器。热力性能实验结果表明,改进后的热回收空调器各模式运行可靠,节能效果显著。

酒店项目中风冷热泵供应生活热水的效益评估与优化

分析风冷热泵原理及其在酒店的应用价值,介绍在酒店生活热水系统应用风冷热泵的设计流程,以某酒店项目为对象,评价该技术的应用效益与优化效果。结果显示,风冷热泵相较于传统锅炉供热水方式,其运行成本低,投资回报期短,投资效益更好。

热泵热水器不锈钢内胆激光焊接工艺应用研究

通过工艺实验研究可调环模激光焊接方法应用于热泵热水器不锈钢水箱内胆焊接可行性,在不改变现有内胆制造过程的前提下,提出一套适应热泵热水器不锈钢内胆的激光焊接工艺,提高热泵热水器不锈钢内胆焊接效率和焊接质量。经验证采用可调环模激光焊接方法,正离焦量为20 mm,外环激光能量占比达到30%时,可满足热泵热水器不锈钢水箱内胆可靠稳定焊接。增加反射预热板,可有效改善焊缝成形,提高激光能量利用率。

GB/T21362-2023《商业或工业用及类似用途热泵热水机》标准解析

GB/T21362-2023《商业或工业用及类似用途热泵热水机》标准于2023年3月17日发布,于2023年10月1日起实施,替代原标准GB/T21362-2008。新版标准在结构、编辑性和技术内容方面做了重大调整,本文主要对GB/T21362-2023标准的修订内容及新旧标准的主要差异进行解析,有助于企业技术人员和检测机构学习掌握新的测试方法。

家用和类似用途空气源热泵热水器热工性能测试分析

为更好地理解GB/T 23137—2020《家用和类似用途热泵热水器》,并准确测试空气源热泵热水器的热工性能,对空气源热泵热水器性能测试和计算方法进行解读。首先,为保证空气源热泵热水器性能测试的准确性,建议对标准中公式的疏漏进行修正,标准中对同一物理量的定义和单位应统一,同时,考虑大气压对测试结果的影响。其次,分析空气源热泵热水器热工性能相关参数的计算方法,指出采用单一发生时间获得的性能指标对热泵热水器进行评价存在局限性。最后,指出应及时更新空气源热泵热水器的能效标准或产品标准,使其评价机制保持一致。

CO2热泵热水器压缩机控制器的设计

针对CO2热泵热水器工作原理和热泵控制系统的需求,设计了以dsPIC30F6015为核心的压缩机控制器,给出了硬件结构框图及主要软件流程,分析了电源电路、功率驱动电路、位置检测电路的工作原理,提出并详细介绍了一种反电势积分过零检测法在热泵压缩机电机控制中的应用。初步实验结果表明,压缩机控制器设计正确,能够满足热泵系统的控制要求。