The storage and utilization of carbohydrates in response to elevation mediated by tree organs in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests

Global climate change can affect tree growth and carbon sink function by influencing plant carbohydrate synthesis and utilization,while elevation can be used as an ideal setting under natural conditions to simulate climate change effects.The effect of elevation on tree growth may depend on organ type.However,the allocation patterns of nonstructural and structural carbohydrates(NSCs and SCs,respectively)in different tree organs and their response to elevation remain unclear.We selected four dominant tree species,Schima superba,Castanopsis eyrei,Castanopsis fargesii and Michelia maudiae,along an elevation gradient from 609 to 1,207 m in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests and analyzed leaf,trunk,and fine root NSCs,carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)concentrations and the relative abundance of SCs.Leaf NSCs increased initially and then decreased,and trunk NSCs increased with increasing elevation.However,root NSCs decreased with increasing elevation.The relative abundance of SCs in leaves and trunks decreased,while the relative abundance of root SCs increased with increasing elevation.No significant correlations between SCs and NSCs in leaves were detected,while there were negative correlations between SCs and NSCs in trunks,roots,and all organs.Hierarchical partitioning analysis indicated that plant C/N and C/P were the main predictors of changes in SCs and NSCs.Our results suggest that tree organs have divergent responses to elevation and that increasing elevation will inhibit the aboveground part growth and enhance the root growth of trees.A tradeoff between the C distribution used for growth and storage was confirmed along the elevation gradient,which is mainly manifested in the"sink"organs of NSCs.Our results provide insight into tree growth in the context of global climate change scenarios in subtropical forest ecosystems.

Combined community ecology and floristics,a synthetic study on the upper montane evergreen broad-leaved forests in Yunnan,southwestern China

The upper montane evergreen broad-leaved forest in Yunnan occurs mainly in the zone of persistent cloud and has a discontinuous,island-like,distribution.It is diverse,rich in endemic species,and likely to be sensitive to climate change.Six 1-ha sampling plots were established across the main distribution area of the upper montane evergreen broad-leaved forest in Yunnan.All trees with d.b.h.>1 cm in each plot were identified.Patterns of seed plant distributions were quantified at the specific,generic and family levels.The forests are dominated by the families Fagaceae,Lauraceae,Theaceae and Magnoliaceae,but are very diverse with only a few species shared between sites.Floristic similarities at the family and generic level were high,but they were low at the specific level,with species complementarity between plots.Diversity varied greatly among sites,with greater species richness and more rare species in western Yunnan than central Yunnan.The flora is dominated by tropical biogeographical elements,mainly the pantropic and the tropical Asian distributions at the family and genus levels.In contrast,at the species level,the flora is dominated by the southwest or the southeast China distributions,including Yunnan endemics.This suggests that the flora of the upper montane forest in Yunnan could have a tropical floristic origin,and has adapted to cooler temperatures with the uplift of the Himalayas.Due to great sensitivity to climate,high endemism and species complementarity,as well as the discontinuous,island-like,distribution patterns of the upper montane forest in Yunnan,the regional conservation of the forest is especially needed.

Tree species diversity and utilities in a contracting lowland hillside rainforest fragment in Central Vietnam

Background： Within the highly bio-diverse ‘Northern Vietnam Lowland Rain Forests Ecoregion＇ only small, and mostly highly modified forestlands persist within vast exotic-species plantations. The aim of this study was to elucidate vegetation patterns of a secondary hillside rainforest remnant（elevation 120–330 m, 76 ha） as an outcome of natural processes, and anthropogenic processes linked to changing forest values.Methods： In the rainforest remnant tree species and various bio-physical parameters（relating to soils and terrain）were surveyed on forty 20 m × 20 m sized plots. The forest＇s vegetation patterns and tree diversity were analysed using dendrograms, canonical correspondence analysis, and other statistical tools.Results： Forest tree species richness was high（172 in the survey, 94 per hectare）, including many endemic species（〉16%; some recently described）. Vegetation patterns and diversity were largely explained by topography, with colline/sub-montane species present mainly along hillside ridges, and lowland/humid-tropical species predominant on lower slopes. Scarcity of high-value timber species reflected past logging, whereas abundance of light-demanding species, and species valued for fruits, provided evidence of human-aided forest restoration and ‘enrichment＇ in terms of useful trees. Exhaustion of sought-after forest products, and decreasing appreciation of non-wood products concurred with further encroachment of exotic plantations in between 2010 and 2015. Regeneration of rare tree species was reduced probably due to forest isolation.Conclusions： Despite long-term anthropogenic influences, remnant forests in the lowlands of Vietnam can harbor high plant biodiversity, including many endangered species. Various successive future changes（vanishing species, generalist dominance, and associated forest structural-qualitative changes） are, however, expected to occur in smal forest fragments.Lowland forest biodiversity can only be maintained if forest fragments maintain a certain size and/or are connected via corridors to larger forest networks. Preservation of the forests may be fostered using new economic incentive schemes.

Community ecology and spatial distribution of trees in a tropical wet evergreen forest in Kaptai national park in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh

We investigated the floristic composition, woody species diversity and spatial distribution of trees in a tropical wet evergreen forest in Kaptai national park in Chittagong Hill Tracks, Bangladesh. We recorded 25 families, 37 genera, 40 species and 1771 woody individuals in a 0.09 ha plot. Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae were the most species- rich families, and Castanopsis, Ficus and Terminaliawere the most species-rich genera. Bursera serrata Wall. ex Colebr. was the dominant species in terms of highest importance value （13%）. Trema orientalis （L.） B1 was typically a light demanding species as it appeared in the top can- opy with only one individual having the seventh highest IV, but had no regeneration. The expected maximum number of species （Smax） was 140, indicating that many species may invade the forest as the Sm~ is greater than the recorded total number of species. The nature of the disappear- ance and appearance of species in the present forest reflects instability of floristic composition. The values of Shannon＇s index H＇ and Pielou＇s index J＇ （evenness） were 3.36 bit and 0.63, respectively. These values show moderately high species diversity as compared to other subtropical forests in the tropics. In addition, a sample area of 200 m2 in this forest would be sufficient for measuring the diversity indices H＂ and ,/＇, whereas the trend of J＇may indicate the rate of equality of individuals among the different species decreased with increasing area. The distribu- tion pattern for the total stand was completely random. However, the dominant species showed aggregate distribution for small areas, but random distribution for large areas. The spatial association between species showed that the strongest positive interspecific association occurred between Streblus asper Lour. and Castanea indica Roxh. （09 = 0.51）. As a whole, most species were weakly associated with each other, of which 58% species associations were completely negative. The result of cluster analysis showed that species pairs were spatially independent at all or most small clusters; stands of species from all clusters are mosa- ics of complete habitat and pioneer habitat. All patches in this forest community have similar habitat and regeneration niches, which could be a phenomenon for a young growth forest. Thus, the existence of habitat and regeneration niches may be an important factor in the maintenance of diversity in this forest.

Structure and floristic composition of old-growth wet evergreen forests of Nelliampathy Hills, Southern Western Ghats

We analyze the structure and composition of old-growth wet evergreen forest of Nelliampathy hills, the chain of hills lying immediately south of Palghat Gap, in the southern Western Ghats of India. We sampled 30 plots of 0.1 ha each （50 m × 20 m） at six locations enumerating all plants ？ 10 cm girth at breast height. We pooled the data and computed various structural parameters. There were 152 species of 120 genera and 51 families of the study area. Of these, 118 （77%） were trees, 24 were climbers （16%） and 10 were shrubs （7%）. Species richness varied from 58–99 per 0.5 ha sample and Shannon indices of diversity ranged from 4.4 to 5.2. Fifty-nine per cent （89 species） of the species were Indian Sub-continent elements and 34% （51 species） are endemic to the Western Ghats. Fifteen species are listed in various threat categories. Aglaia and Litsea were the most species-rich genera. Numbers of families ranged from 27–43 per 0.5 ha sample. Euphorbiaceae and Lauraceae were the most species-rich families. Stand density varied from 1714 to 2244 stems·ha？1 and basal area from 53.6 to 102.1 m2·ha？1. The vegetation was dominated by 3–6 species and six dominance patterns characterized the species composition within the hill complex. The old-growth evergreen forests of Nelliampathy exist as small fragments rich in biodiversity and can be used as benchmarks for comparison with disturbed forests.

Study on successions sequence of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Gutian Mountain of Zhejiang,Eastern China:species diversity

Using the widely adopted scheme of space-for-time substitution for investigating 16 typical plots distri-buted as a pattern of contiguous grid quadrates within a sampling plot,the expressions of Shannon-Wiener index(H)for species diversity,Pielou index(J_(sw),J_(SI))for evenness and Simpson index(D)for ecological dominance are employed to investigate the species diversity(SD)of four evergreen broadleaved communities in the successions sequence within the Nature Reserve of the Gutian Mountains.Results showed that in the successions process from the coniferous to the mixed coniferous-broadleaved,then to Schima superba and finally to Castanopsis eyrei forest,the arbor layer SD showed the Shannon-Wiener index(H)as 1.9670,2.4975,2.6140 and 2.4356,respectively,characterized by their rise before drop and the shrub(herb)layer SD shows the maximum to be in the mixed coniferous-broadleaved(coniferous)forest(H arriving at 2.8625(1.5334)).In the vertical structure,on the other hand,for the sequenced coniferous forest,coniferous-broad mixed forest and Castnaopsis eyrei forest,the number of SD ranges in a decreasing order from the shrub,arbor to herb layer in contrast to the SD in a decreasing order of Schima superba forest ranging from the arbor to shrub and then to herb layer,and during the succession,the herb layer exhibits the maximum range of SD change among these layers,with its variation coefficients of 0.1572,0.0806,0.0899 and 0.1884 for H,J_(SW),J_(SI) and D,in order,in sharp contrast to the minimal SD range in the shrub layer,with the corresponding figures of 0.0482,0.0385,0.0142,and 0.1553.

Assessment of Tree Diversity and Abundance in Rashad Natural Reserved Forest, South Kordofan, Sudan

This study aims to estimate the tree diversity status of Rashad Forest Reserves in the Rashad locality of the South Kordofan State of Sudan. For data collection, eight sample plots (20 × 20 m) were taken randomly, and parameters were determined: trees species diversity, composition, relative density, dominance, important value index, and species richness in the Rashad forest reserve. The results show that a total of 237 and 56 tree species, including 22 families, have been identified in the study area. Fabaceae family and species numbers have the highest number of 13 species in 8 genera, followed by Combretaceae with 8 species belonging to 3 different genera, Malvaceae with 5 species belonging to 4 different genera, Apocynaceae with 3 species belonging to 3 different genera. The Arecaceae, Burseraceae, Capparaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae, and Rubiaceae families each had two species, and all the other 11 families had one species each. Among the 56 different tree species found within the reserve. The results also indicated that Tamarindus indica L. and Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. had the highest relative density and dominance of 4.64% and 11% respectively. Adansonia digitata L., Grewia villosa Willd, Vepris nobilis (Delile) Mziray had density and dominance of 4.80% and 9%. Followed by Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr, Adansonia digitata L., Catunaregam nilotica (Stapf) Tirveng. (Syn: Xeromphis nilotica (Stapf) Keay, Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmel. with 3.38% and 8%, respectively. Eleven species recorded the least relative dominance of 0.42%. Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H’) value stood at 3.82. And as diversity indices varied with location depending on the species available within an ecological zone, Rashad forest reserve is blessed with a moderate diversity index.

近自然经营对马尾松林优势树种生态位及种间关系的影响

探究近自然经营对马尾松林的生态位和种间关系的影响,可以为经营管理提供实践基础和科学依据。以实施近自然经营10余年的马尾松林为研究对象,分别从幼苗(胸径<1 cm)、幼树(1 cm≤胸径<5 cm)和成树(胸径≥5 cm)3个阶段,探讨近自然经营对马尾松林12个优势树种的生态位及种间关系的影响。结果显示:(1)马尾松在成树和幼树阶段的生态位宽度变小,幼苗和大部分优势树种的生态位宽度增加;(2)各优势树种种对间生态位重叠度变小,生态位分化程度增加;(3)群落总体关联性大多呈现正关联,但极显著正联结种对较少;Spearman秩相关检验结果显示不同生长阶段经营和对照林分种对间存在差异但并不显著。综上,研究区马尾松林仍处于演替初期,群落结构不稳定,近自然经营对马尾松林种间关系的改善具有一定效果但并不理想,建议针对研究区纯林化程度过高且密度过大的马尾松林分,在密度调控的基础上结合林下补植枫香和麻栎、白栎等栎类树种,加速群落演替,尽快实现改善种间关系和提升群落稳定性的目的。

广东省县级生物防火林带阻隔网空间布局与规划

广东省属山地丘陵地区,存在重要火源点与林区接触面广、火情复杂多样等特点,建设以生物防火林带为主体的林火阻隔系统是广东省森林防火重要手段之一。为了有效提升广东省生物防火林带阻隔网建设质量,文章以广东省某县区为例,以林火阻隔系统控制面积为主要衡量指标,设置值为1000 hm^(2),对控制面积大于等于1000 hm^(2)的林地进行生物防火林带规划。规划创新引入“优势树种可燃性”的概念,对易燃性树种进行“包围式规划”,以难燃性树种为节点进行“穿越式规划”,并按照坟墓集中程度选取经济树种油茶Camellia oleifera和茶C.sinensis对坟墓山进行环状包围式林带设计或面状全面覆盖式设计,将可能发生的火灾控制在有限的范围内。该县区最终建设生物防火林带185 km,将所有林地林火阻隔系统控制面积降低至1000 hm^(2)以下,其中最大控制面积为998 hm^(2),完成了降低林火阻隔系统控制面积至1000 hm^(2)以下的既定目标。

湖北省人工林现状及变化动态分析

根据湖北省2013—2022年森林资源动态监测数据,分析了全省人工林现状及面积、结构等变化动态,结果显示,湖北省人工林面积稳步增加,用材林面积大幅增长,主要树种发生演替,同时也存在着树种结构不优、生态稳定性不强等问题,通过分析人工林变化原因及存在的主要问题,结合当前林业发展新形势,提出开展国土绿化攻坚、推进森林质量提升、持续提升固碳能力等全省人工林发展的对策建议。

Community Dynamics of Seed Rain in Mixed Evergreen Broad-leaved and Deciduous Forests in a Subtropical Mountain of Central China

Seed dispersal is a key process within community dynamics. The spatial and temporal variations of seed dispersal and the interspecific differences are crucial for understanding species coexistence and community dynamics. This might also hold for the mixed evergreen broadleaved and deciduous forests in the mountains of subtropical China, but until now little existing knowledge is available for this question. In 2001, we chose to monitor the seed rain process of our mixed evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous forest communities in Mount Dalaoling National Forest Park, Yichang, Hubei Province, China. The preliminary analyses show obvious variations in seed rain density, species compositions and timing of seed rain among four communities. The average seed rain densities of the four communities are 2.43 ± 5.15, 54.13 ±182.75, 10.05 ±19.30 and 24.91 ± 58.86 inds/m^2, respectively; about one tenth the values in other studies in subtropical forests of China. in each community, the seed production is dominated by a limited number of species, and the contributions from the others are generally minor. Fecundity of evergreen broadleaved tree species is weaker than deciduous species. The seed rain of four communities begins earlier than September, and stops before December, peaking from early September to late October. The beginning date, ending date and peak times of seed rain are extensively varied among the species, indicating different types of dispersal strategies. According to the existing data, the timing of seed rain is not determined by the climate conditions in the same period, while the density of seed rain may be affected by the disturbances of weather variations at a finer temporal resolution.

重庆主城区“四山”森林可燃物分类研究

从便于开展精细化森林火险等级预报的角度出发,根据森林资源二类调查数据,结合小班的优势树种(组)的燃烧难易程度和小班郁闭度等级,将研究区森林分为了易燃、可燃和难燃3组共12种可燃物类型,分别是:高、中、低郁闭度易燃类型和未郁闭易燃类型,高、中、低郁闭度可燃类型和未郁闭可燃类型,高、中、低郁闭度难燃类型和未郁闭难燃类型。本研究结果可作为进行小班尺度火险等级预测计算的基础数据。

文昌地区风水林5个优势树种叶片化学成分含量分析

为了解文昌地区风水林植物生长情况,取乔木层5个主要优势树种作为研究对象,采用常规化学测定法,对相同条件下5个优势树种叶片N、P、K、Mg和Ca含量进行了测定,并分析了其相关性。结果表明:叶片N含量平均值为(14.68±2.01)g/kg、P含量平均值为(1.09±0.67)g/kg、K含量平均值为(6.97±2.37)g/kg、Mg含量平均值为(2.61±0.79)g/kg、Ca含量平均值为(8.61±2.53)g/kg,其中叶片N含量种间变异系数不大,而其他4个元素指标均为中等变异;5个优势树种叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量存在差异,未表现出规律的变化趋势,N、K、Mg含量均以幌伞枫最高(其中幌伞枫叶片K、Mg含量显著高于其他树种),P含量以琼崖海棠和幌伞枫较高,Ca含量为岭南山竹子显著高于其他树种。叶片N、P、K、Mg、Ca含量之间存在不同程度的相关关系,其中:叶片N含量与K、Mg、Ca含量之间极显著正相关(P<0.01),相关系数分别为0.408、0.412、0.351;叶片K含量和Mg含量之间存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),相关系数为0.380。

云南省森林碳汇现状与潜力分析

分析云南省及其各州(市)碳储量以及碳汇价值现状,基于云南省第4次森林资源二类调查资料,采用IPCC法,对云南省乔木林生物量进行估计;基于林龄结构构建AS指数,评估云南省及其各州(市)森林碳汇潜力。结果表明:云南省乔木林碳储量为1433.60 Tg,碳汇价值为11180681.55×10^(4)元;乔木林生物量与碳储量主要集中在云南松、栎类、其他阔叶树等;各州(市)中碳储量主要集中在是普洱市、迪庆州等滇西部地区,云南省碳储量总体呈现西高东低的态势;林龄结构呈现单峰右偏分布特征。云南省的AS指数为1.15,林分较为年轻,森林生产力旺盛,森林生物量呈增长趋势,森林碳汇潜力大。

广州大封门林场次生林的物种多样性及经营启示

【目的】通过对广州市大封门林场次生林群落开展物种多样性研究,筛选出目的树种和非目的树种,为下一步通过森林经营手段逐步将目的树种变成优势树种、形成优势树与目的树趋同的次生林群落、提升森林质量提供参考依据。【方法】采用典型样方调查法,运用统计学分析方法计算物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Weiner指数、Simpson指数、Pielou均匀度指数,对增城区大封门林场次生林群落的物种组成、多度分布、物种分布、优势度、蓄积量、径级结构和乔、灌、草的物种多样性进行了研究。【结果】共记录到植物63种,隶属36科54属,其中2种国家二级保护植物;个体数量最多的树种为罗浮柿(Diospyros morrisiana),个体数量、种数量最多的科为樟科(Lauraceae);重要值最大的种为浙江润楠(Machilus chekiangensis)(19.888),其次为罗浮柿(15.150);林分乔木密度为4 180株·hm^(-2),蓄积量为120.15 m^(3)·hm^(-2),平均单株材积0.03 m^(3),径级结构呈现“倒J型”的结构特征;群落物种多样性指数总体偏低,丰富度指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数都表现为乔木层>草本层>灌木层,均匀度指数表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层。【结论】次生林群落的主要优势种为浙江润楠和罗浮柿,群落正朝着自然演替方向进行,物种多样性低,可针对性地筛选出目的树种和非目的树种,围绕几个主要经营方向,采取引导性经营,进行定向干预,在保护物种多样性的同时提升森林质量。

武汉市经济技术开发区森林资源质量分析与评价

白山市林业勘察设计院通过对武汉市经济技术开发区(以下称经开区)森林资源现状调查,查清森林的种类、分布、数量和质量,并对经开区林木和林地资源森林各地类面积结构,优势树种(组)结构,林种结构,龄组结构,林分质量等方面进行分析评价,为合理经营当地森林资源提供准确的数据支撑和科学依据。

乔木林可燃物载量空间分布研究——以吉安市为例

【目的】查清乔木林不同优势树种、不同龄组、不同郁闭度等级单位面积可燃物载量规律,为获取森林可燃物类型及分布数据提供参考。【方法】通过在吉安市布设了235个乔木林标准地开展调查后,对调查采样进行实验室测定。【结果】经数据对比分析得出:乔木林不同优势树种单位面积可燃物载量从大到小依次为混交树种、阔叶树种和针叶树种;不同龄组单位面积可燃物载量大小基本为成熟林>近熟林>中龄林>幼龄林;不同郁闭度等级单位面积可燃物载量从大到小依次为高郁闭度、中郁闭度和低郁闭度。研究结果在森林可燃物调查中指导分析乔木林不同类型森林可燃物类型及分布具有重要意义。

天目山常绿阔叶林优势种群及其空间分布格局

常绿阔叶林是浙江省天目山国家级自然保护区重点保护植被类型,研究常绿阔叶林优势种群及其空间分布格局,可正确认识优势种群在常绿阔叶林中的地位和作用,为常绿阔叶林的保护和恢复重建提供理论依据。在天目山国家级自然保护区内,选择典型常绿阔叶林设置样地,样地大小100m×100m。用全站仪测定每株树木坐标。用优势度分析法确定群落优势种。采用Ripley’sK(d)函数分析优势种群空间分布格局和种间关联关系。结果表明,常绿阔叶林的优势树种数随大小级的增大而增加,但优势树种的聚集程度却降低。常绿灌木连蕊茶(Camelliafraterna)在幼苗、幼树中占绝对优势。在中树和大树中,以细叶青冈(Cyclobalanopsisgracilis)、青冈(Cyclob-alanopsisglauca)和短尾柯(Lithocarpusbrevicaudatus)为主,形成多优势种结构特征。连蕊茶、细叶青冈和青冈具有较稳定的显著聚集分布特征。豹皮樟(Litseacoreanavar.sinensis)和短尾柯的分布格局波动较大。从整体上看,5个优势种群的分布格局都呈显著聚集分布特征。连蕊茶与细叶青冈、短尾柯、豹皮樟,以及细叶青冈与短尾柯、青冈与豹皮樟都有较强的物种空间依赖性。青冈和短尾柯相互独立生长,有显著负关联性。同科、属的细叶青冈和青冈也表现出显著负关联性。研究认为,种间关联关系具有传递性,可以从已知3个种的两对种间关联关系推出第三对种间关联关系。已知种间关联关系越显著,且尺度范围越宽,那么种间关联关系传递的稳定性也越高。结果认为,常绿阔叶树种是天目山国家级自然保护区常绿阔叶林群落的优势种,优势种均呈显著聚集分布,多数优势种间有较强的种间关联性。

铜鼓岭国家级自然保护区植物多样性

铜鼓岭自然保护区地处海南岛东北部文昌县境内的滨海低丘陵。为全面了解其植物多样性及经过18年的保护后其植被变化特征,作者采用野外调查与植物群落学相结合的方法,对海南岛铜鼓岭保护区的各类植被多样性进行了调查。本次调查共记录到植物984种,隶属166科618属。其中海南特有种35个,如海南苏铁(Cycashain-anensis)、茶槁楠(Phoebehainanensis)、古山龙(Arcangelisiagusanhung)等;濒危保护物种12个,分别为:金毛狗(Cibotiumbarometz)、海南苏铁、蕉木(Oncodostigmahainanense)、白木香(Aquilariasinensis)、海南大风子(Hydnocarpushainanensis)、红花天料木(母生)(Homaliumhainanense)、粘木(Ixonantheschinensis)、毛茶(Antirheachinensis)、野生龙眼(Dimocarpuslongan)、野生荔枝(Litchichinensis)、苦梓(Gmelinahainanensis)、白桂木(Artocarpushypargyreus)。该保护区内的主要植被类型热带常绿季雨矮林、灌木林和红树林的Shannon-Wiener指数分别为4.7485、4.5876和1.8096,Simpson指数分别为0.9247、0.9206和0.6978。在热带常绿季雨矮林2,800m2的标准样地内,树高大于1.5m的乔木共有81种1,366个个体,重要值较高的物种分别为黄椿木姜(Litseavariabilis)、海南大风子、滨木患(Aryteralittoralis)、禾串树(Brideliainsulana)、无患子(Sapindusmukorossi)等,18年前的优势种鸭脚木(Scheffleraoctophylla)被黄椿木姜所替代。另外,种数—个体数分析得出3,300m2标准样方内高于1.5m的单个体种有20种,双个体种有13种,占标准样方内所记录物种总数的32.7%。总体来说,热带常绿季雨矮林群落发展稳定,灌木林有向次生林演替的趋势,红树林遭破坏严重,面积减小,多样性也不是很高。所以从植被角度来说对铜鼓岭自然保护区的保护是重要的。

江西九连山亚热带常绿阔叶林优势种空间分布格局

于江西九连山国家自然保护区设置4 hm2亚热带常绿阔叶林固定监测样地,用样方法对亚热带常绿阔叶林进行调查分析。应用点格局方法分析生境异质性是否影响树木分布并分析优势种红钩栲(Castanopsis lamontii)、米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)、罗浮柿(Diospyros morrisiana)和细枝柃(Eurya loquaiana)分布格局,对比存在生境异质性和排除生境异质性两种情况下优势树种不同生长阶段(幼树、小树、成年树)的空间分布格局以及不同生长阶段之间的空间关联性,探讨生境异质性之外的其它种群分布影响因子。结果表明:1)生境异质性效应显著影响九连山树木分布,4个优势树种在大尺度上存在明显的生境偏好;2)用完全随机零模型不排除生境异质性时,4个优势种总体及其不同生长阶段在0—30 m所有尺度上主要呈现聚集分布;3)用异质性随机零模型排除生境异质性后,4个优势种及其不同生长阶段的聚集程度显著下降,只在小尺度上(0—5 m)呈现聚集分布;4)4个优势种的幼树与小树均表现显著的正相关。红钩栲的成年树与幼树及成年树与小树总体表现不相关。米槠的成年树与幼树总体以无相关为主;成年树与小树之间总体呈正相关。小乔木罗浮柿的成年树与幼树之间在小尺度上(0—5 m)表现负相关或无相关,在较大尺度范围上总体表现正相关关系;小树与成年树在研究尺度上表现出正相关。灌木细枝柃的成年树与幼树,成年树与小树及小树与幼树之间在研究尺度范围内均呈现正相关关系;5)研究发现九连山优势乔木物种通过密度制约和Janzen-Connell效应释放空间,为其他物种共存提供条件,而优势灌木物种细枝柃没有表现出这两个效应。