To discuss the domino instability effect and large area roof falling and roof accidents of surrounding rockcoal pillars in a room-and-pillar gob,the equilibrium equation for a roof-coal pillar-floor system with the in...To discuss the domino instability effect and large area roof falling and roof accidents of surrounding rockcoal pillars in a room-and-pillar gob,the equilibrium equation for a roof-coal pillar-floor system with the influence of mining floor was developed based on the engineering conditions of the surrounding rock in a room-and-pillar gob in the 3^(-2)coal seam of Tanggonggou mine.The conditions of system instability and the relationship between system stability and system stiffness were analyzed from an energetic point of view.Numerical simulation using the discrete element software UDEC was also carried out to simulate conditions causing the domino effect on surrounding rock-coal pillars in a 3^(-2)room-and-pillar gob.The results show that:if we want the system to destabilize,the collective energy in roof-and-floor must be larger than that in the coal pillar.When the stiffness of the coal pillars and the roof-and-floor are both greater than zero,the system is stable.When the stiffness of the coal pillars is negative but the summed stiffness of the coal pillars and roof-and-floor is larger than or equal to zero,the system is statically destroyed.When the sum of the coal pillars and the roof-floor stiffness is negative,the system suffers from severe damages.For equal advance distances of the coal mining face,the wider coal pillars can reduce the probability of domino type instability.Conversely,the smaller width pillars can increase the instability probability.Domino type instability of surrounding rock-coal pillars is predicted to be unlikely when the width of coal pillars is not less than 8 m.展开更多
Induction,transfer,and modulation of intriguing supramolecular chirality were achieved in a chiral domino-type polymer system using a chiralα-end azobenzene(Azo)moiety as one chiral terminus and achiral Azo repeating...Induction,transfer,and modulation of intriguing supramolecular chirality were achieved in a chiral domino-type polymer system using a chiralα-end azobenzene(Azo)moiety as one chiral terminus and achiral Azo repeating units as building blocks.The Azo polymers prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization were imparted with well-controlled chain lengths and a chiral moiety at a well-defined position.One chiral terminus can effectively dictate the helical orientation of the achiral Azo stacks in the aggregation state.The spacer length between the chiral residue and the achiral repeating units dominates the preferred handedness of the side-chain Azo stacks.For instance,the R-configuration moiety with a short alkyl chain(with 0,2,and 3 carbons)induces right-handed supramolecular chirality,whereas those with long alkyl chains(with 4,5,and 6 carbons)induce the opposite helical orientation of the Azo units.Moreover,the chiral regulation of polymer aggregates is successfully achieved using the unique photoisomerization transition of the Azo chromophore and the heat-assisted reassembly approach.Chiral induction and chiral-to-achiral communication are further verified via theoretical simulations.展开更多
为准确评估页岩气集输站场撬装设备组件发生连锁失效的后果,避免在后果面积计算中因忽视连锁效应、低估或高估后果危害性、忽视失效后果面积重叠计算等问题,首先,在美国石油协会(API)581标准的基础上,考虑可能存在的多米诺场景,建立失...为准确评估页岩气集输站场撬装设备组件发生连锁失效的后果,避免在后果面积计算中因忽视连锁效应、低估或高估后果危害性、忽视失效后果面积重叠计算等问题,首先,在美国石油协会(API)581标准的基础上,考虑可能存在的多米诺场景,建立失效后果面积加权计算模型;然后,引入圆弧并面积算法,消除失效后果面积重叠计算的影响,并结合设备失效概率与多米诺场景概率确定连锁效应加权系数,形成撬装设备失效后果面积计算方法与计算步骤;最后,以某页岩气集输站场吸收撬为例,计算其失效后果面积。结果表明:考虑失效后果重叠计算得到的失效后果面积为759.48 m 2,常规失效后果计算方法对后果低估了38.5%,未消除后果重叠的常用多米诺方法对后果高估了62.7%,考虑失效后果面积重叠计算可以帮助合理评估页岩气集输站场撬装设备组件发生连锁失效的后果面积。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Youth(No.51304200)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project(No.2013M540477)+1 种基金the Superior Subject Construction Project of Universities in Jiangsu Province,the Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Mine Safety(No.SKLCRSM11X02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51074163)
文摘To discuss the domino instability effect and large area roof falling and roof accidents of surrounding rockcoal pillars in a room-and-pillar gob,the equilibrium equation for a roof-coal pillar-floor system with the influence of mining floor was developed based on the engineering conditions of the surrounding rock in a room-and-pillar gob in the 3^(-2)coal seam of Tanggonggou mine.The conditions of system instability and the relationship between system stability and system stiffness were analyzed from an energetic point of view.Numerical simulation using the discrete element software UDEC was also carried out to simulate conditions causing the domino effect on surrounding rock-coal pillars in a 3^(-2)room-and-pillar gob.The results show that:if we want the system to destabilize,the collective energy in roof-and-floor must be larger than that in the coal pillar.When the stiffness of the coal pillars and the roof-and-floor are both greater than zero,the system is stable.When the stiffness of the coal pillars is negative but the summed stiffness of the coal pillars and roof-and-floor is larger than or equal to zero,the system is statically destroyed.When the sum of the coal pillars and the roof-floor stiffness is negative,the system suffers from severe damages.For equal advance distances of the coal mining face,the wider coal pillars can reduce the probability of domino type instability.Conversely,the smaller width pillars can increase the instability probability.Domino type instability of surrounding rock-coal pillars is predicted to be unlikely when the width of coal pillars is not less than 8 m.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92056111,21971180)the Nature Science Key Basic Research of Jiangsu Province for Higher Education(19KJA360006)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Program of Innovative Research Team of Soochow University。
文摘Induction,transfer,and modulation of intriguing supramolecular chirality were achieved in a chiral domino-type polymer system using a chiralα-end azobenzene(Azo)moiety as one chiral terminus and achiral Azo repeating units as building blocks.The Azo polymers prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization were imparted with well-controlled chain lengths and a chiral moiety at a well-defined position.One chiral terminus can effectively dictate the helical orientation of the achiral Azo stacks in the aggregation state.The spacer length between the chiral residue and the achiral repeating units dominates the preferred handedness of the side-chain Azo stacks.For instance,the R-configuration moiety with a short alkyl chain(with 0,2,and 3 carbons)induces right-handed supramolecular chirality,whereas those with long alkyl chains(with 4,5,and 6 carbons)induce the opposite helical orientation of the Azo units.Moreover,the chiral regulation of polymer aggregates is successfully achieved using the unique photoisomerization transition of the Azo chromophore and the heat-assisted reassembly approach.Chiral induction and chiral-to-achiral communication are further verified via theoretical simulations.
文摘为准确评估页岩气集输站场撬装设备组件发生连锁失效的后果,避免在后果面积计算中因忽视连锁效应、低估或高估后果危害性、忽视失效后果面积重叠计算等问题,首先,在美国石油协会(API)581标准的基础上,考虑可能存在的多米诺场景,建立失效后果面积加权计算模型;然后,引入圆弧并面积算法,消除失效后果面积重叠计算的影响,并结合设备失效概率与多米诺场景概率确定连锁效应加权系数,形成撬装设备失效后果面积计算方法与计算步骤;最后,以某页岩气集输站场吸收撬为例,计算其失效后果面积。结果表明:考虑失效后果重叠计算得到的失效后果面积为759.48 m 2,常规失效后果计算方法对后果低估了38.5%,未消除后果重叠的常用多米诺方法对后果高估了62.7%,考虑失效后果面积重叠计算可以帮助合理评估页岩气集输站场撬装设备组件发生连锁失效的后果面积。
