Contribution to the Improvement of Transfusion Safety: Assessment of the Pre-Donation Hemoglobin Level at the Yamoussoukro Blood Transfusion Center in Cote d’Ivoire

Introduction: Despite the progress recorded at the level of transfusion safety in Côte d’Ivoire, much remains to be done, particularly at the level of the medical selection of blood donors. The objective of the study was to make an assessment of the pre-donation capillary hemoglobin dosage for the year 2020 of the fixed collection, of the Blood Transfusion Center of Yamoussoukro. Method: This is a retrospective study that took place at the Yamoussoukro Blood Transfusion Center. The data collection related to all old and new blood donors were deemed suitable for the fixed collection of the year 2020. The method chosen for the pre-donation control is that of the portable hemoglobinometer of the HémoCue® type, more precisely 201+. Results: Of the 1160 blood donors in the study, the pre-donation hemoglobin level was not measured in 787 (67.8%) subjects of either sex. Of the subjects who had a pre-donation hemoglobin level performed, 97 (26%) blood donors had a sub-standard hemoglobin level, including 15 females and 82 males. Conclusion: Pre-donation hemoglobin testing of blood donors is effective in Yamoussoukro. However, efforts must still be made to improve the quality of the blood collected and to protect blood donors.

Effects of Intraoperative Autologous Blood Donation and Tepid Temperature Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Blood System

The effects of the intraoperative autologous bind donation and tepid temperature cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on blood system were investigated. Twenty-four patients with rheumatic heart valve diseases scheduled for open heart surgery were selected and divided randomly into group A (intraoperative autologous blood donation and tepid temperature, nasopharyngeal temperature was at 32-34 ℃ during CPB) and group B (control, nasopharyngeal temperature was at 25-28 ℃ during CPB). The plasmatic concentrations of GMP-140 and D-Dimer and the plasmatic activities of 6- ketoPGF1α and AT- Ⅲ were measured by using ELISA or substrate luminescence techniques before operation, at the end of CPB, after discontinuation of CPB and postoperatively. Red blood cell count, platelet count, hematocrit, the amount of blood drainage and the amount of blood transfusion needed were measured or recorded postoperatively. The results showed the plasmatic concentrations of GMP140 and D-Dimer in group A were significantly less (P<0. 05) than those in group B during and after operation. The activity of 6-keto--PGF1α in group A was higher (P<0. 05) than that in group B during and after operation. The AT- Ⅲ activity in group A was less (P<0. 05) during CPB but higher 30 min after discontinuation of CPB than that in group B. The amount of postoperative blood loss (283± 166 versus 722± 194 ml, P<O. 01) and amount of blood transfusion (816±126 versus 1443± 678 ml, P<0. 01) in group A were significantly less than those in group B, respectively. The red blood cell count, platelet count and hematocrit in group A were significantly higher than those in group B after operation. The results suggests intraoperative autologous blood donation and tepid temperature have a good protection on blood system and can reduce postoperative non-surgical bleeding.

HIV,HCV,and HBV Co-Infections in a Rural Area of Shanxi Province with a History of Commercial Blood Donation

Background： Unhygienic blood collection in the early 1990s led to blood-borne infections in Central China. This study aimed to estimate human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） co-infection with hepatitis C and B viruses （HCV and HBV） and their risk factors in a rural area of Shanxi Province with a history of commercial blood donation. Methods： A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2004. All adult residents in the target area were invited to participate in the study. Face-to-face interviews were completed and blood specimens were tested for HIV, HCV, and HBV surface antigen （HBsAg）. Results： Prevalence rates of HIV, HCV, and HBsAg were 1.3% （40/3 062）, 12.7% （389/3 062）, and 3.5% （103/2982）, respectively. Of the 40 HIV-positive specimens, 85% were HCV positive and 2.5% were HBsAg positive. The history of commercial blood donation was positively associated with HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV co-infections, but was negatively associated with HBsAg seropositivity. Migration for employment in the last 5 years was positively related to HIV, HBsAg, and HIV/HCV co-infections. Univariate logistic analysis showed that illegal drug use, number of sex partners, extramarital sex behavior, commercial sex behavior, and condom use rate were not related to anti-HIV, anti-HCV, HBsAg seropositivity or their co-infections. Conclusion： The history of commercial blood donation was the main risk factor for HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV co-infections in this former commercial blood donation area. HIV and HCV prevention and treatment interventions are important in this area.

Characteristics of Long-term Nonprogressors and Viremia Controllers Infected with HIV-1 via Contaminated Blood Donations or Transfusions Conducted 20 Years Earlier

To characterize long-term nonprogressors （LTNPs） and viremia controllers （VCs）, infected with HIV-1 through contaminated blood donation or transfusion between 1992 and 1996 in Henan, China. LTNPs and VCs were defined by CD4＋T lymphocyte （CD4） count and viral load （VL）. Of 29,294 patients infected with HIV-1 via contaminated blood donation or transfusion that had conducted for more than 20 years, 92 were LTNPs/VCs. There were 70 LTNPs （0.24%）, 43 VCs （0.15%）, and 48 LTNPs＋VCs- （0.16%）.

Knowledge Attitudes, Practices and Factors Associated with Blood Donation in the Fatick Health District in 2019 (Senegal)

Introduction: Timely availability of safe blood or blood products is essential for all health care facilities where transfusion occurs, but in many developing and transitional countries, there is still a considerable gap between the need for blood and the supply available. The overall objective was to study knowledge attitudes, practices, and factors influencing blood donation in the general population in Senegal. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study conducted among the Fatick health district population from April 1 to 15, 2019. Thus, the sample is based on a two-stage survey. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire designed, pretested, and administered to 466 people by selected and trained enumerators. The data collected on the smartphone was analyzed using Epi Info 7.2.1.0 software. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed with a 5% risk of alpha error. Results: The average age of respondents was 35 years (±13), with 34 years (±12) for women and 38 years (±15) for men, and more than half of them between 20 and 40 years of age. A proportion of 87% of respondents lived in rural areas and had agriculture as their primary income source. More than half of the individuals (70%) were married, and 68% were educated. The level of knowledge of individuals about blood donation was low at 91.8%. On the other hand, more than half of them had good habits (53.65%). A proportion of 68.0% of individuals had an intention to donate in the future. However, only 24.68% of the population surveyed had already donated blood. Eighty percent of the donations were voluntary. However, 26.09% had repeated this practice. Factors that could influence the practice of blood donation were age, male sex (ORb = 2.18 [1.40 - 3. 37]), high level of education, good knowledge of blood donation (ORb = 2.14 [1.07 - 4.26]), the existence of a relatives donor (ORb = 3.4 [2.19 - 5.26]) and individuals who did not necessarily require permission from a parent or spouse (ORb = 3.37 [2.13 - 5.31]). Conclusion: It is necessary to develop mass communication and proximity strategies, also strengthen the blood bank in terms of human resources and logistics to increase voluntary blood donations in the district. An increase and better planning of mobile clinic outings can facilitate and improve voluntary blood donation by improving accessibility to this service.

Development of Blood Donation Activities in Kyrgyzstan and General Implications for Blood Donation

Objectives: This article is aiming to give an essential informative principle about the development of blood donation activities in Kyrgyzstan. Background: The sequence of blood donation procedure steps before donation, during donation, and after donation was shown and discussed. Methods/Materials: Rhesus factor determination in donors was achieved by “COLICO” method which is based on the use of monoclonal antibodies solution. Results: According to the blood donation activity of donors in Osh, Kyrgyzstan for the 2018 year, it was found that gratuitous donors who donated blood in 6 months were 269, in 9 months were 366, and in 1 year were 499 people. Relative donors who donated blood in 6 months were 3480, in 9 months were 5100, and in 1 year were 6701 people. Active donors donated blood in 6 months were 12, in 9 months were 14 and in 1 year were 17 people. Conclusion: No agglutination was observed in any of the plates for the first blood group;agglutination was observed with anti-A monoclonal antibody solution for the second blood group;agglutination was observed with anti-B monoclonal antibody solution for the third blood group;agglutination was observed with both of anti-A and anti-B monoclonal antibody solutions for the fourth blood group.