THE MECHANISM OF ACCEPTING, DONATING AND EXCHANGING ELECTRONS IN SUPERCONDUCTOR

Based on ’Theoryof Electron Donating, Accepting and Exchanging’whichtheauthorpub lishedin 1989 ,thispaperexplainsin detailsaboutthesuperconductivityof metallicelements,metalliccompoundsand alloys. Italso providesa methodto raise Tc.

Electron Donating Property and Catalytic Activity ofPerovskite-type Mixed Oxides (ABO_3) Consisting of Rare Earth and 3d Transition Metals

The catalytic activity of Perovskite-type mixed oxides (LaCoO3, PrCoO3 and SmCoO3) for the reduction of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol with 2-propanol (Meerwein-PonndorfVerley reduction) has been studied. The data have been correlated with the surface electron donor properties of these mixed oxides

Effect of Substituent Groups on the Syntheses of Two Ag Coordination Polymers Based on Tetrazole-yl Acylamide

Two novel Ag coordination polymers based on tetrazole-yl acylamide, Ag（NTAA） （1, H-NTAA = N-（1H-tetrazol-5-yl）acetamide） and Ag（NTPA） （2, H-NTPA = N-（1H-tetrazol- 5-yl）propionamide） have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 features a 3-connected 4.82-fes network and compound 2 displays a ladder-like chain. The different structures between 1 and 2 are mainly related with the substituent groups oftetrazole-yl acylamide.

Hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition over Ni/CeO_(2) catalyst:Effect of CeO_(2) morphology

Ammonia(NH_(3)) decomposition to release CO_x-free hydrogen(H_(2)) over non-noble catalysts has gained increasing attention.In this study,three nanostructured CeO_(2) with different morphologies,viz.rod(R).sphere(Sph),and spindle(Spi),were fabricated and served as supports for Ni/CeO_(2) catalyst.The CeO_(2)supports are different in particle sizes,specific surface area and porosity,resulting in the formation of Ni nanoparticles with distinguished sizes and dispersions.The surface properties of the Ni/CeO_(2) catalysts are not only distinct but also influential,affecting the adsorption and desorption of NH_(3),N_(2),and/or H_(2)molecules.The Ni/CeO_(2)-R catalyst shows superior catalytic activity compared to the other two,owing to its smaller Ni crystallite size and larger BET surface area.The most abundant strong basic sites are observed for Ni/CeO_(2)-Spi catalyst based on its exposed CeO_(2)(110) planes,which facilitates the donation of electrons to the Ni particles,benefiting the associative desorption of N atoms.Thus,Ni/CeO_(2)-Spi shows higher catalytic activity than Ni/CeO_(2)-Sph,despite their almost identical Ni crystallite sizes.

Sustainable micro-activation of dissolved oxygen driving pollutant conversion on Mo-enhanced zinc sulfide surface in natural conditions

The activation of inert oxygen(O_(2))often consumes enormous amounts of energy and resources,which is a global challenge in the field of environmental remediation and fuel cells.Organic pollutants are abundant in electrons and are promising alternative electron donors.Herein,we implement sustainable microactivation of dissolved oxygen(DO)by using the electrons and adsorption energy of pollutants by creating a nonequilibrium microsurface on nanoparticle-integrated molybdenum(Mo)lattice-doped zinc sulfide(ZnS)composites(MZS-1).Organic pollutants were quickly removed by DO microactivation in the MZS-1 system under natural conditions without any additional energy or electron donor.The turnover frequency(TOF,per Mo atom basis)is 5 orders of magnitude higher than those of homogeneous systems.Structural and electronic characterization technologies reveal the change in the crystalline phase(Zn-S-Mo)and the activation of π-electrons on six-membered rings of ZnS after Mo doping,which results in the formation of a nonequilibrium microsurface on MZS-1.This is the key for the strong interfacial interaction and directional electron transfer from pollutants to MZS-1 through the delocalized π-π conjugation effect and from MZS-1 to DO via Zn-S-Mo,as demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)techniques and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.This process achieves the efficient use of pollutants and the low-energy activation of O_(2) through the construction of a nonequilibrium microsurface,which shows new significance for water treatment.

Computational Insights into the Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Reactions in Ortho-hydroxylated Oxazolines

Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT) reactions of three ortho-hydroxylated oxazolines, 2-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-phenol(DDOP), 4-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-[1,1?-biphenyl]-3-ol(DDOP-C_(6)H_(5)) and 4-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-benzonitrile(DDOP-CN), have been systematically explored by density functional theory(DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT) methods. Two stable configurations(enol and keto forms) are found in the ground states(S_(0)) for all the compounds while the enol form only exists in the first excited states(S_(1)) for the compound modified with electron donating group(-C_(6)H_(5)). In addition, the calculated absorption and emission spectra of the compounds are in good agreements with the experiments. Infrared vibrational spectra at the hydrogen bond groups demonstrate that the intramolecular hydrogen bond O(1)-H(2)···N(3) in DDOP-C_(6)H_(5) is strengthened in the S_(1) states, while the frontier molecular orbitals further reveal that the ESIPT reactions are more likely to occur in the S_(1) states for all the compounds. Besides, the proton transfer potential energy curves show that the enol forms can barely convert into keto forms in the S_(0) states because of the high energy barriers. Meanwhile, intramolecular proton transfer of all the compounds could occur in S_(1) states. The ESIPT reactions of the ortho-hydroxylated oxazolines are barrierless processes for unsubstituted DDOP and electron withdrawing substituted DDOP-CN, while the electron donating substituted DDOP-C_(6)H_(5) has a small barrier, so the electron donating is unfavorable to the ESIPT reactions of ortho-hydroxylated oxazolines.

Accelerating Deprotonation Kinetics of RuO_(2)for Efficient Acidic Water Oxidation

The development of a highly efficient noniridium-based oxygen evolution reaction catalyst is the key to realizing large-scale commercial application of the proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzer.RuO_(2)is the most promising alternative to IrO_(2),but if usually suffers from lattice-oxygenmediated corrosion and sluggish proton transfer kinetics under acidic media.Herein,we propose an effective strategy of embedding RuO_(2)nanoparticles into a N-doped carbon support,termed as RuO_(2)-NC,to simultaneously prevent Ru dissolution and accelerate the bridging-oxygen-assisted deprotonation process.The obtained RuO_(2)-NC electrocatalyst presents high activity with an overpotential of 159 mV to reach 10 mA cm^(−2) and remarkable stability for over 240 h.Structural investigation and theoretical calculations reveal that the electron-rich NC substrate,as an electron donor,provides a buffered charge compensation to protect RuO_(2)from excessive oxidation and lattice oxygen loss by switching into a conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism(AEM).More importantly,the activated bridging oxygen(Obri)sites can facilitate the deprotonation of*OOH intermediates,leading to an optimized bridging-oxygen-assisted deprotonation AEM pathway.