Laboratory results of a 3rd generation roof bolter canopy air curtain for respirable coal mine dust control

Testing was completed on an earlier roof bolter CAC that used slots to provide a perimeter airflow. NIOSH tested it due to its unique design that differed from canopies that provided uniform airflow. Based upon NIOSH recommendations from the earlier testing, a 3rd generation roof bolter CAC has been developed by J.H. Fletcher & Co. The changes to this CAC involve design modifications to the plenum outlets, using a single row of outlets on the perimeter and a different material for the plenum. This laboratory testing was a continuation of the original perimeter slotted CAC design. Using gravimetric and instantaneous sampling of respirable dust concentrations underneath and outside of the CAC. the laboratory testing was completed using three different blower fans that delivered differing airflows. The maximum plenum airflow velocities ranged from 2.34 to 3.64 m/s (460-716 fpm). Results showed plenum respirable dust concentrations ranging from 34.6% to 49.3% lower than respirable dust concentrations outside the plenum protection zone, thus showing an improvement in protection for the roof bolter operators.

Field study results of a 3rd generation roof bolter canopy air curtain for respirable coal mine dust control

A 3rd generation roof bolter canopy air curtain(CAC)has been developed and constructed by J.H.Fletcher&Co.,Inc.As with the previous generation of the CAC,this design uses the principle of providing uniform airflow across the canopy area as recommended by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.The new modifications include a plenum that is constructed of a single flat aluminum plate,smaller-diameter airflow openings,and a single row of perimeter nozzles designed to prevent mine air contaminated by respirable dust from entering the CAC protection zone.Field testing was conducted on this new 3rd generation design showing reductions in coal mine respirable dust exposure for roof bolter operators.Dust control efficiencies for the CAC for the left bolter operator(intake side)ranged from approximately 26%–60%,while the efficiencies for the CAC for the right bolter operator(return side)ranged from 3%to 47%.

Airflow characteristics by air curtain jets in full-scale room

A new air distribution pattern,air curtain jet ventilation was presented.The ventilation or airflow patterns and the air velocity produced by air curtain jet were investigated in detail.To identify the airflow characteristics of this novel air curtain jet ventilation system,a full-scale room was used to measure the jet velocity with a slot-ventilated supply device,with regards to the airflow fields along the vertical wall as well as on the horizontal floor zones.The airflow fields under three supply air velocities,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 m/s,were carried out in the full-scale room.The experimental results show the velocity profiles of air distribution,the airflow fields along the attached vertical wall and the air lake zones on the floor,respectively.The current experimental research is helpful for heating,ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC) engineers to design better air distribution in rooms.

Effect of suppressing dust by multi-direction whirling air curtain on fully mechanized mining face

A combined method of numerical simulation and field testing was adopted in this study in the interest of solving the problem of hard to control high concentrate dusts on a fully mechanized mining face.In addition,the dust suppression effect of a multi-direction whirling air curtain was studied in this paper.Under the influence of the wall attachment effect,the compressed air which blows out from the two-phase or three-phase radial outlets on the generator of the air curtain can form a multi-direction whirling air curtain,which can cover the whole roadway section of a fully mechanized mining face.The traditional method of controlling dust is a forcing system with exhaust overlap which has the major disadvantage of lacking a jet effect and consequently results in poor dust control.It is difficult to form the air flow field within the range of L_p5Sr^(1/2).However,due to the effect of this novel system,the radial airflow can be turned into axial airflow allowing fresh air to flow through the length of the heading.The air flow field which is good at controlling dust diffusion can be formed 12.8 m from the heading face.Furthermore,the field measurement results show that before the application of a multi-direction whirling air curtain,the dust concentration is 348.6 mg/m^3 and 271.4 mg/m^3 respectively at the roadway cross-section measurement points which are 5 m and 10 m from the heading face.However,after the application of the multi-direction whirling air curtain,the dust concentration is only 61.2 mg/m^3 and 14.8 mg/m^3,respectively.Therefore,the dust control effect of a multi-direction whirling air curtain is obvious.

Numerical simulation of dust distribution at a fully mechanized face under the isolation effect of an air curtain

在是的一个煤矿的一张充分使机械化的工作的脸建原型，我们调查了由在它由空气的一个窗帘的隔离的过程期间的模拟，流动地和灰尘分发，使用 CFD 软件，流畅。结果证明有效地在 shearer 罐头上安装的空气窗帘阻止灰尘(特别能呼吸的灰尘) 扩散进操作员的工作区域，减少操作员并且极大地的方面上的灰尘集中改进他的工作环境。空气窗帘的地应用程序证明一个空气窗帘的灰尘隔离效果是相当显著的。为呼吸灰尘的隔离效率是超过 70% ，也，它为非呼吸的灰尘有好灰尘隔离效果。空气窗帘是在一张充分使机械化的工作的脸解决灰尘隔离的问题的一个有用方法。它用更广泛的应用程序在其它地方有一个实际背景。

Study on Design of Pressure Chamber in a Linear-Jet Type Air Curtain System for Prevention of Smoke Spread

Death toll by smoke in fire is estimated at 70% which emphasizes the importance of smoke control system to deal with the fire smoke. In advanced countries, the studies on method to prevent smoke spread by forming the air curtain using high velocity jet flow are underway now. In this study, a linear-jet type air curtain system is proposed to prevent the smoke spread and analysis of flow characteristics of pressure chamber, which is the core component, is conducted through numerical analysis and experimental approach. Consequently, the pressure was increased in 2D functional way to input air flowrate and about 595 Pa pressure was formed at pressure chamber inlet in response to 30 m/s nozzle jet velocity.

Thermal partition of two asymmetric discrete heat sources by cold air curtain

A partition solution implemented by a cold air curtain for two asymmetric discrete heat sources in a twodimensional rectangular enclosure was numerically studied. Main attentions were focused on the effects of Reynolds number, Grashof number, separation distance between heat sources, and buoyancy ratio. It is found that the airflow and heat transfer are not only determined by governing parameters, but also affected by boundary conditions. It is also found that nearly symmetry of flow structure corresponds to nearly thermal partition, and the symmetry can be enhanced when Reynolds number, separation distance and buoyancy ratio increase. In addition, it is observed that there is a minimum Reynolds number for obtaining nearly thermal partition, which increases when Grashof number increases.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on Indoor Environment Separated with Down-Feed Air Curtain

Indoor environment separated with down-feed air curtain was numerically simulated and experimen-tally researched. Indoor airflow and temperature fields separated with air curtain were numerically simulated. Re-sults show that both polluted airflow and thermal air current can be separated with a down-feed air curtain to pre-vent contaminants from spreading in the room space. In a test chamber, the smoke of burning Tibetan incense served as the source of contaminants, and the probe test shows that 1.0 μm is the prevailing diameter of the smoke particles. During the release of the smoke, the particle concentration of the indoor air was tested with a laser particle counter at the points of three different heights from the floor when the air curtain was running or not. Experimental results show that the higher the test point is located, the lower the particle concentration is, implying that the sepa-rating or isolating effect decreases as the air velocity of the curtain reduces along with the height descends. Accord-ing to both simulation and experimental results, down-feed air curtain can separate indoor environment effectively when the supply air velocity of air curtain is not less than 3 m/s. In order to strengthen separation effect, it is sug-gested that the supply air velocity be speeded up to 5 m/s.

半封闭空间单侧冷风幕效应数值模拟研究

受外部冷空气影响,寒区隧道冻害问题日益严重,为阻止外部冷空气流入隧道,提出以外部空气为空气源的冷风幕隔冷方式,并开展半封闭空间单侧设置冷风幕阻隔外部冷空气流动换热过程的数值模拟研究。数值模拟模型设置参考相关室内试验,通过室内试验测试数据对数值模型进行验证后,利用数值模型研究风幕射流角度、射流速度、射流宽度对热压作用下冷风流入半封闭空间阻隔效果的影响。结果表明:射流角度为3°时,形成风幕形态较理想,半封闭空间平均温度较无风幕作用时有4~5℃的提高,此时增加风幕速度或宽度均会强化外部冷空气与半封闭空间内空气的换热,减弱风幕隔冷效果;射流角度为6°或9°时,风幕射流宽度需要与射流速度匹配,否则易出现风幕形态不理想,导致风幕隔冷失效。

风幕精准送风参数制丝线对温湿度模拟研究

随着卷烟制丝加工技术进步和对烟草品质的需求,环境温湿度对制丝加工过程质量有重要影响。为了保持制丝生产线上的烟丝水分和温度的稳定性,论文提出一种风幕隔离方法阻止烟丝输运过程中水分蒸发并维持温度稳定,主要研究风幕送风参数对制丝车间和制丝线温湿度影响,计算结果显示在制丝线上能够有效地形成均匀的风幕,且风幕未端风速大于0.5m/s,风幕的存在能够有效地保持烟丝水分蒸发和温度的稳定,保证烟丝的品质。

综掘工作面风幕阻尘效果影响因素研究

目前综掘工作面粉尘污染的研究多集中于单一因素对综掘工作面风幕阻尘效果的影响,而未充分考虑各因素间的交互作用,使得压风分流技术的工程应用效果欠佳。为明确附壁风筒径向出风距离、径向出风比及轴向出风距离对风幕阻尘效果的影响,以潘三矿810西翼机巷综掘工作面为研究对象,运用Fluent软件对径向出风距离为10~25 m、径向出风比为0.6~0.9及轴向出风距离为6~12 m条件下的风流分布和粉尘扩散情况进行数值模拟。结果表明:(1)随着径向出风距离增大,径向涡流风幕在巷道内的转变更充分,综掘机司机前端的风流分布越均匀,更有利于形成风速方向均指向工作面的轴向阻尘风幕。当径向出风距离为10 m时,距工作面7 m断面内涡流特性明显,风速方向紊乱;当径向出风距离为25 m时,距工作面7 m断面内,风流分布趋于均匀,风速方向均指向工作面,形成了能够覆盖全断面的轴向阻尘风幕。(2)随着径向出风比增大,整流风筒轴向风流风量减小,轴向风流风速和射流强度降低,轴向风流对综掘工作面前端气流的扰动减弱;径向出风比越大,越有利于形成风流方向指向工作面且能覆盖全断面的轴向阻尘流场,即轴向阻尘风幕。(3)径向涡流风幕的阻尘能力随径向出风比的增大先增强后减弱,轴向阻尘风幕的阻尘能力随径向出风比的增大而不断增强。(4)在采取压风分流风幕阻尘技术后,当压风总量为300 m^(3)/min,吸风量为400 m^(3)/min,附壁风筒径向出风距离为20 m,径向出风比为0.9,整流风筒轴向出风距离为8~10 m时,能很好地将粉尘聚集在吸尘口附近,达到高效控尘除尘的目的。在810西翼机巷综掘工作面进行现场测试,测点风速和粉尘质量浓度实测值与模拟值基本一致,高浓度粉尘被有效阻控于工作面前端,隔尘效果较为明显,验证了数值模拟的有效性。

固定式打磨台排风除尘效果研究

在固定式打磨台上进行高精细度的金属打磨已成为机械制造工艺中的重要环节。为改善某公司固定式打磨台的排风除尘效果,提出了2种优化方案。采用CFD-DPM相互耦合的数值模拟方法,对打磨过程中固定式打磨台上的粉尘质量浓度分布情况进行分析,并对原固定式打磨台及2种优化方案的固定式打磨台排风除尘效果进行对比研究。研究结果表明,原固定式打磨台的排风除尘效果较差,而2种优化方案都能在一定程度上降低打磨过程中的粉尘质量浓度。当排风孔数量增加到4个和5个(上2下3)时,排风除尘效果较佳。在此基础上,通过在固定式打磨台安装风幕,对比得出安装风幕的4个排风孔固定式打磨台的排风除尘效果最佳,其呼吸带高度粉尘质量浓度和最大粉尘质量浓度相比未安装风幕分别降低了99.88%和91.81%,值得在相关工业实践中推广使用。

Discussion on Dust Removal(Suppression)System of Crushing Station in Open-Pit Coal Mine

This paper introduces the method of coal dust treatment in crushing station and the present situation of dust removal system in typical open-pit coal mine crushing station in China,and expounds the research idea of determining comprehensive dust removal(suppression)system in crushing station inspired by the working principle of"range hood".Based on the design example and link optimization of the crush-ing station of open-pit coal mine I of Thar coalfield,this paper finally draws some conclusions on the key technologies of dust removal(suppression)system of open-pit coal mine crushing station.This study has certain reference value for the technical innovation of dust removal(suppression)system in crushing station,the realization of green mining in"crushing link",and the reduction and avoidance of ecological environment pollution in mining area.

供风量与气泡帷幕层数协同下水中爆炸冲击波的削波效果

气泡帷幕能有效地削弱水中冲击波对周围环境的影响。为了研究气泡帷幕供风量和层数对水中冲击波的协同作用,在供风量为30、60、90 L/min的条件下分别设计了含1、2、3层气泡帷幕的水下爆炸试验。结果表明,气泡帷幕的衰减率随供风量和层数增加而增大。当供风量较小(如30、60 L/min)时,随着气泡帷幕层数的增加,相邻层数之间峰值压力的衰减效率越来越低;当供风量较大(如90 L/min)时,随着气泡帷幕层数的增加,相邻层数之间峰值压力的衰减效率越来越高。结合实际工程的经济效益和水下复杂环境问题对削波效果进行分析,确定在供风量为30 L/min时开启2层气泡帷幕是最优的削波方案,为相关的实际工程问题提供参考和新思路。

综掘工作面气室降尘技术研究

针对掘进巷道中的粉尘控制问题,传统的长压短抽通风降尘技术存在粉尘扩散区域大、风幕降尘技术存在射流孔易堵塞等弊端。以巴拉素煤矿综掘工作面为工程研究背景,建立了掘进作业过程中的粉尘运动数学模型,得出降低综掘工作面粉尘浓度的关键因素是控制掘进巷道风流场扰动范围及减小粉尘颗粒运动时间。以上述关键因素为依据,在风幕降尘的基础上开发了气室降尘技术,通过在正压风筒末端加装风袖,与风幕共同作用将粉尘封闭在气室区域内,再由负压风机抽出,以提高降尘效率。采用Fluent软件对长压短抽通风降尘、风幕降尘和气室降尘进行模拟对比分析,并优化了气室降尘技术参数。模拟结果表明:采用气室降尘技术时,综掘工作面人体呼吸带位置的粉尘浓度为350 mg/m^(3),较采用长压短抽通风降尘时的600 mg/m^(3)和风幕降尘时的480 mg/m^(3)大幅降低;气室降尘最优技术参数为正压风筒出风口距综掘工作面14 m、负压风筒末端直径0.6 m。在巴拉素煤矿2号煤2号回风大巷综掘工作面进行现场试验,结果表明采用气室降尘时,掘进巷道最低粉尘浓度为118 mg/m^(3),低于采用长压短抽通风降尘时的184 mg/m^(3)和风幕降尘时的156 mg/m^(3),且降尘效率较长压短抽通风降尘平均提高54.8%。

寒区隧道施工期空气幕保温系统现场试验研究

当隧道内气温低于5℃时,混凝土的硬化速度会减缓,进而影响工程质量。本文以京兰高速铁路(北京—兰州)在建尚山隧道工程为依托,首先通过现场试验对比了搭建防寒门、搭建防寒门+生炉子和搭建空气幕保温系统三种措施下洞内浇筑混凝土处气温的变化情况,然后通过数值模拟分析风幕机的射流风速、射流温度对洞内浇筑混凝土处气温的影响。结果表明:搭建防寒门保温时洞口风速3.21 m/s、气温-12.68℃条件下洞内浇筑混凝土处气温开始降至5℃以下,搭建防寒门+生炉子保温时洞口风速5.36 m/s、气温-19.13℃条件下洞内浇筑混凝土处气温开始降至5℃以下,均须联合采用其他保温措施;洞口最大风速4.56 m/s、最低气温-15.83℃条件下,搭建空气幕保温系统后洞内浇筑混凝土处气温为7.36℃;适当增加风幕机的射流风速或增加射流温度均可以提高洞内气温,为了降低系统运行能耗,建议适当增加风幕机的射流风速。

Numerical Investigation of Different Airflow Schemes in a Real Operating Theatre

A study on performances of different ventilation schemes provided by vertical and horizontal uni-directional air flow was carried out in a standard orthopaedic operating theatre (OT). Starting from our previous studies of a real OT under operating use conditions, in this research different air flow configurations, considering some air curtain solutions on the ceiling and at the sliding door always assumed to be open as a basic boundary condition, were investigated by numerical simulations. Indoor air quality (IAQ) indexes and thermal comfort parameters, deduced from simulation results were calculated and discussed referring to the best performance and efficacy between the air flow schemes to contrast the incorrect use conditions of the OT. Referring to the studied schemes, the reciprocal comparison emphasizes that a successful outcome in preventing surgical site infection can depend as much on resolving human factors (i.e. operational use conditions, door opening/closing), as on overcoming physical and technical obstacles.

冷库空气幕气流组织优化及冷风渗透实验

传统冷库空气幕通常以出口风速的研究作为提高阻断效率的重点,对射流风速在沿程上的持续性缺乏关注。本文通过对空气幕装置进行三次针对风速优化的结构性设计改造(改进安装了小型静压箱和渐缩喷口;在静压箱中安装导流叶片;设置回风系统)以减少空气幕射流沿程快速衰减。通过搭建空气幕性能测试实验台,对所设计空气幕沿程风速衰减情况进行测量,使用气体示踪法计算了不同配置空气幕的阻断效率。结果表明:加装静压箱和渐缩喷口对送风前半程的风速提升较大,安装导流叶片对风速库门后半程的风速优化影响较大,回风系统会使后半程风速显著提高;冷风渗透实验中单层风幕、双层风幕和三层风幕的密封效率分别为0.16、0.19和0.22,单层循环风幕、双层循环风幕和三层循环风幕的密封效率分别为0.29、0.38和0.43。

综掘工作面抽尘区域对旋流风幕控尘的影响

为提高综掘工作面旋流风幕控尘效率,降低高浓度粉尘污染,运用数值模拟与工程实测相结合的方法分析了抽尘区域对旋流风幕控尘的影响规律。结果表明:随着抽风口距工作面距离增大,抽风筒距压风筒对侧巷道边壁越远,工作面流场控尘能力逐渐降低,高浓度粉尘扩散距离及扩散角均随之增大。基于模拟结果,确定了综掘工作面旋流风幕控尘的最优抽尘区域为抽风口距工作面2 m,抽风筒安设于压风筒对侧巷道边壁。通过工程应用,验证了数值模拟结论的有效性,掘进司机处粉尘浓度可降至24.6 mg/m^(3),风幕控尘效率达到91%。