Investigation on Eccentric Agitation in the Stirred Vessel Using 3D-Laser Doppler Velocimeter

The spatial structure of the velocity field in a stirred vessel with water has been measured and analyzed using the laser Doppler velocimeter technique, with the immersing depth and agitation speed of the impeller re-maining approximately constant. The experimental results were provided such as the mean velocity field, fluctuat-ing velocities, turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds shear stress and time series of the velocity in the stirred tank. These results probably provided the valuable basis to further optimize and enlarge the stirred tank in the industrial process.

DETECTION ON MICRO-DOPPLER EFFECT BASED ON LASER COHERENT RADAR

A laser coherent detection system of 1550 nm wavelength was presented, and experimental research on detecting micro-Doppler effect in a dynamic target was developed. In the study, the return signal in the time domain is decomposed into a set of components in different wavelet scales by multi-resolution wavelet analysis, and the components are associated with the vibrational motions in a target. Then micro-Doppler signatures are extracted by applying the reconstruction. During the course of the final data processing frequency analysis and time-frequency analysis are applied to analyze the vibrational signals and estimate the motion parameters successfully. The experimental results indicate that the system can effectively detect micro-Doppler information in a moving target, and the tiny vibrational signatures also can be acquired effectively by wavelet multi-resolution analysis and time-frequency analysis.

Mucosal blood flow measurements using laser Doppler perfusion monitoring

Perfusion of individual tissues is a basic physiological process that is necessary to sustain oxygenation and nutrition at a cellular level. Ischemia, or the insuff iciency of perfusion, is a common mechanism for tissue death or degeneration, and at a lower threshold, a mechanism for the generation of sensory signalling including pain. It is of considerable interest to study perfusion of pe- ripheral abdominal tissues in a variety of circumstances. Microvascular disease of the abdominal organs has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of disorders, including peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease and chest pain. The basic principle of laser Doppler perfusion monitoring (LDPM) is to analyze changes in the spectrum of light reflected from tissues as a response to a beam of monochromatic laser light emitted. It reflects the total local microcirculatory blood perfusion, including perfusion in capillaries, arterioles, venules and shunts. During the last 20-25 years, numerous studies have been performed in different parts of the gastroin-testinal (GI) tract using LDPM. In recent years we have developed a multi-modal catheter device which includes a laser Doppler probe, with the intent primarily to investigate patients suffering from functional chest pain of presumed oesophageal origin. Preliminary studies show the feasibility of incorporating LDPM into such catheters for performing physiological studies in the GI tract. LDPM has emerged as a research and clinical tool in preference to other methods; but, it is important to be aware of its limitations and account for them when reporting results.

Effect of swimming training on neural microcirculation in rats with sciatic nerve compression A study based on laser Doppler flowmetry

Microcirculation of the peripheral nerve is necessary for neural growth and regeneration. However, technical limitations have limited studies in this area. The few studies conducted have concerned active exercise effects on microcirculation of the peripheral nerve. Using an animal experiment, this study evaluated the effect of swimming training on microcirculation of injured peripheral nerve by laser Doppler flowmetry. The results showed that the blood vessel at the distal end of the peripheral nerve was the main blood supply for the nerve, and the internal blood supply for the nerve had strong compensatory ability. Swimming training promoted the functional recovery of rats with sciatic nerve injury and the regeneration of myelin sheath and blood vessels, but had no impact on neural blood flow.

2-D Statistical Damage Detection of Concrete Structures Combining Smart Piezoelectric Materials and Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry

In the present study a new structural health monitoring (SHM) technique isproposed as well as a new damage index based on 2-D error statistics. The proposedtechnique combines the electromechanical impedance technique (EMI) which is based onthe use of piezoelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) patches and Scanning LaserDoppler Vibrometry (SLDV) for damage detection purposes of concrete structures andearly age monitoring. Typically the EMI technique utilizes the direct and inversepiezoelectric effect of a PZT patch attached to a host structure via an impedance analyzerthat is used for both the actuation and sensing the response of the PZT-Host structuresystem. In the proposed technique the attached PZTs are actuated via a function generatorand the PZT-Host structure response is obtained by a Scanning Laser DopplerVibrometer. Spectrums of oscillation velocity of the surface of the attached PZTs verticalto the laser beam versus frequency are obtained and are evaluated for SHM purposes.This damage detection approach also includes the use of a damage index denoted asECAR (Ellipse to Circle Area Ratio) based on 2-D error statistics and is compared to theRoot Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) damage index commonly used in SHMapplications. Experimental results include ascending uniaxial compressive load ofconcrete cubic specimens, ascending three point bending of reinforced concrete beamspecimens and early age monitoring of concrete. Results illustrate the efficiency of theproposed technique in damage detection as well as early age monitoring as, in the firstcase, both severity and location of damage can be determined by examining the values ofdamage indices for each damaged state and in the early age monitoring case damageindices follow the strength gain curve.

Doppler shift of a laser pulse beam scattered by a rotating cone and cylinder

Based on laser radar equations, a Doppler shift model of a laser pulse beam scattered by a rotating arbitrary convex target is reported in this paper. The boundary relations between an incident pulse beam and the detected area elements are analyzed by geometric methods. The Doppler shift characteristics of the rotating cone and cylinder are discussed and the difference between the laser pulse beam and the plane wave scattered from the same rotating target is compared accordingly. Numerical simulations show that the Doppler shift is tightly relevant to their dimensions, speeds, and so on. In the same incidence conditions, the pulse beam and plane wave have difference peak values and the same Doppler shift bandwidth. If the waist radius of the pulse beam is larger, the peak value is higher, and the Doppler shifts are proportional to the speed of the rotating target. By virtue of our theoretical model, we probe into the scattered characteristics of the Doppler shifts of a laser pulse beam, which would benefit target identification in national defense.

Evaluation of microvascular reactivity with laser Doppler flowmetry in chronic kidney disease

Cardiovascular diseases are the major causes of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).The complex process of accelerated athero- and arteriosclerosis in CKD is associated with this phenomenon,where endothelial dysfunction(ED) is one of the initial steps. Hence, the early diagnosis of ED can potentially lead to early interventions which could result in a better outcome for these patients. Several methodologies have been developed for the diagnosis of ED. Laser Doppler flowmetry(LDF) enables us to study the microcirculation continuously in a non-invasive manner. In our review we would like to focus on different tests developed for LDF, like postocclusive reactive hyperaemia,local heating, iontophoresis, microdialysis or analysis of flowmotion. We would also like to summarize the available data in CKD with these methodologies to enlighten their perspectives in the clinical use on this patient population.

New Type of 2-D Laser Doppler Vibrometer

The fundamentals and method of 2 D laser Doppler vibrometer are introduced.The factors influencing the measuring accuracy are analyzed. Moreover, the circuit for signal processing is designed. The vibrating amplitude and frequency of 2 D vibration in wider range can be measured simultaneously in non contact means,the measuring results are accurate.

光学多普勒差分流速仪数据解调方法验证

光学多普勒差分流速仪在测量海水流速时,由于信号微弱和噪声干扰,接收信号信噪比很低,信号解调面临挑战,可能导致较大的测量误差。为了准确解调埋藏在噪声中的信号并获取速度信息,需要对获取的海试测量数据进行进一步算法处理。采用自适应滤波算法有效降低了多普勒信号中混杂的高频噪声干扰,提高了海试原始数据频域信号的信噪比,并利用寻峰算法更准确地获取了谱峰值。结果表明,与直接读取原始数据的谱峰值相比,经过该算法处理后,激光差分多普勒流速仪与声学多普勒流速仪比测的流速拟合度平均误差为0.2163 cm/s,误差降低了25.5%,表明该算法对激光多普勒测速信号解调是有帮助的。

基于光纤镀膜探针的固体介质中应力波粒子速度测量技术

粒子速度是分析固体介质中应力波传播规律的一个重要参数。结合激光多普勒效应和全光纤干涉测速系统,提出了一种基于光纤镀膜探针的固体介质中应力波粒子速度的测量方法。将光纤镀膜探针嵌入有机玻璃(PMMA)中,距爆心同一半径处,采用0.125 g TNT当量的微型炸药球作为爆炸源,进行填实爆炸产生应力波,通过采集光纤探针端面的运动信息,基于短时傅里叶变换的时频分析方法,解调出端面运动速度,进而反推出粒子速度。实验结果表明:不同光纤镀膜探针测得的速度分别为22.648 m/s、23.505 m/s,将反推的粒子速度与传统的圆环型电磁粒子速度计方法获取到的数据进行对比,两者的相对偏差低于5.00%,验证了光纤镀膜探针测量固体介质中应力波粒子速度的可行性。

1116 nm单频脉冲Nd∶YAG激光器

针对共振荧光测风雷达的探测需求,设计和研制了种子注入的Nd∶YAG电光调Q单频1116 nm脉冲激光器,采用带偏置电压反馈的扫描-触发谐振探测技术,建立了1116 nm单纵模振荡,并对中心频率稳定性进行分析。最终实现输出1116 nm激光单脉冲能量6.48 mJ,重复频率60 Hz,输出线宽为33.2 MHZ,脉冲宽度为75.7 ns。通过波长计测量输出光波长,波长稳定在1116.2979 nm附近。利用外差拍频,测定120 min中心频率稳定性(均方根)为818.3 kHz。该激光器输出光通过三倍频可变换至372 nm,作为铁共振荧光多普勒测风激光雷达的发射光源,频率抖动量对应的风速测量误差小于1 m/s。

激光多普勒测振仪中光学天线的优化设计与测试

传统的激光测振仪多使用氦氖激光器,不满足人眼安全条件,在户外容易受到太阳光干扰。其使用的光学天线大多数仅能工作于氦氖激光器的辐射波段,同时存在结构复杂、成本较高、收集效率低、工作距离较短等不足。为了解决以上问题,基于近红外波段透镜组的扩束和聚焦原理,以Zemax作为设计工具,以点列图和波前图为主要分析手段,设计并制作了一款可工作于1550 nm的三片式收发一体光学天线,结构简单,成本低。分析结果显示:在0.3~15.0 m的工作距离范围内均可获得直径小于2 mm的聚焦光斑;测试结果显示其最大收集效率可达到51.6%。同时,将该光学天线应用于自主设计搭建的激光多普勒测振仪中,实现了不同工作距离下的振动测量,有效扩展了激光测振仪的应用范围和应用场景,在机械、航空、建筑、医学、农学等领域有很大的应用潜力。

激光多普勒在游离股前外侧皮瓣血运监测中的临床研究

目的应用激光多普勒监测游离股前外侧皮瓣血流灌注情况,探索游离股前外侧皮瓣术后血流灌注规律,并研究其在游离股前外侧皮瓣坏死预测中的可行性。方法分析2018年1月-2019年12月采用游离股前外侧皮瓣移植修复手部创面患者资料56例,术后均采用激光多普勒监测法监测皮瓣血流灌注情况。激光多普勒监测指标为术中供区皮瓣切取前、术后即刻、术后第1天、3天、5天、7天、9天的皮瓣血液灌注。结果术后第9天,56例皮瓣全部成活,其中2例在术后4 h发生动脉危象,探查后危象解除;8例发生静脉危象,处理后危象解除,皮瓣顺利成活。与皮瓣断蒂前相比,术后即刻及术后1~5 d血液灌注明显加快(P<0.01),血液灌注在术后第5天达到高峰,随后呈现下降趋势。结论激光多普勒能较早发现游离皮瓣血管危象,临床医生可更加了解皮瓣情况。游离皮瓣灌注总体呈现先上升后下降的趋势,为临床用药及护理工作提供参考依据。

基于激光多普勒振动谱的数控机床主轴故障在线诊断

针对现有数控机床主轴故障检测算法存在的检测精度低、故障分类效果差等不足,提出一种基于激光多普勒振动谱的在线针对方案。先构建以激光器和探测器为核心部件的激光多普勒故障检测系统,采集故障数据集并对数据进行降维处理;然后针对机床主轴多故障模态的情况,基于可变经验模态分解(VMD)算法分解故障的本征模态分量,形成新的故障特征集;最后利用经过改进的深度卷积神经网络训练故障特征集,实现对多故障模态的分类识别和诊断。实验结果显示,所提算法信号源频率误差值较低,在故障点的诊断和分类识别过程中,效果显著优于传统故障在线诊断算法。

一种机械臂电机故障时频尺度诊断方法——基于深度学习和激光多普勒测振技术

机械臂电机振动信号的采集效果较差,影响时频特性分析过程,导致故障诊断效果与精度较差,为此提出基于深度学习和激光多普勒测振技术的机械臂电机故障时频尺度诊断方法。使用激光多普勒测振技术与小波阈值去噪算法,建立机械臂电机振动信号采集系统,获取并重构故障信号;提取电机振动信号的时域、频域等尺度特征,引入人工神经网络建立一个具备学习能力的故障诊断模型,将提取的机械臂电机故障时域、频域等尺度特征输入诊断模型中,输出分类诊断结果,即可完成机械臂电机故障时频尺度诊断。结果表明:利用该方法开展电机故障诊断时,检测结果与实际电机故障类型之间偏差较小,诊断效果好、精度高。

基于激光微多普勒的旋翼无人机探测和识别技术进展

激光微多普勒体制具有探测灵敏度高、探测参数维度多等优点,能够对低、小、慢目标以及空间目标进行远距离精确探测识别。针对低、小、慢无人机目标快速探测和精准识别的应用需求,介绍了激光微多普勒探测技术及其国内外发展现状,并在激光微多普勒调制理论模型、微动参数提取算法、一维距离高精度成像、系统与实验研究等多个方面进行了全面深入的探讨。在此基础上,对激光微多普勒探测旋翼无人机技术的研究进展进行了总结和展望。

单离子光频标离子囚禁技术

离子囚禁技术与系统是量子频标、量子计算的核心技术和核心物理参考体系,在精密测量、量子计算、高精度导航定位等领域具有重要的应用价值与应用前景。设计研制了一种基于Paul型离子阱的离子制备与囚禁系统,利用数字PID方法进行多通道多波长激光频率锁定,对离子进行光离化制备、囚禁、激光Doppler冷却。试验系统探测到了单离子的微弱荧光信号,实现了单个离子的稳定囚禁;激光频率漂移由500 MHz稳定至±0.8 MHz,激光冷却温度达到5.53 mK,趋于Doppler冷却极限。