Optimization of the Plugging Agent Dosage for High Temperature Salt Profile Control in Heavy Oil Reservoirs

After steam discharge in heavy oil reservoirs,the distribution of temperature,pressure,and permeability in different wells becomes irregular.Flow channels can easily be produced,which affect the sweep efficiency of the oil displacement.Previous studies have shown that the salting-out plugging method can effectively block these channels in high-temperature reservoirs,improve the suction profile,and increase oil production.In the present study,the optimal dosage of the plugging agent is determined taking into account connection transmissibility and inter-well volumes.Together with the connectivity model,a water flooding simulation model is introduced.Moreover,a non-gradient stochastic disturbance algorithm is used to obtain the optimal plugging agent dosage,which provides the basis for the high-temperature salting-out plugging agent adjustment in the field.

Exploration of standard dosage for GnRH antagonist protocol and dosage adjustments after premature luteinizing hormone surge

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol has emerged as an efficacious alternative to the GnRH agonist protocol for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles, and has been demonstrated applicability in infertile female patients with diverse ovarian responses. While the clinical implementation of the antagonist COH protocol has achieved widespread consensus, opportunities for refinement persist. Therefore, this review article focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of GnRH antagonist protocol, the selection of optimal standard doses, and the strategies for adjusting antagonist doses after the premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, aiming to provide more reasonable and scientific recommendations for the application of this scheme.

Weak Expansive Soil Physical Properties Modification by Means of a Cement-Jute Fiber

Sixteen groups of comprehensive tests have been conducted to investigate the modifications in the physical properties of a weak expansive soil due to the addition of a cement jute fiber.The tests have been conducted to analyze the liquid plastic limit,the particle distribution and the free expansion rate.The results show that:(1)With an increase in the cement-jute fiber content,the free expansion rate of the modified expansive soil gradually decreases,however,such a rate rebounds when the fiber content exceeds 0.5%and the cement content exceeds 6%.(2)With an increase in the cement percentage,the particle unevenness coefficient(Cu)and curvature coefficient(Cc)of the modified expansive soil tend to grow gradually.The Cc coefficient reaches 1.0 when the cement content is 6%.The unevenness coefficient of 16 soil samples is greater than 5.0,however,the Cu coefficient decreases when the cement content reaches 6%.(3)The plastic limit of soil increases as the cement content is made higher,while the liquid limit and plastic index decrease gradually.When the content of the modified material is 2%+0.1%~2%+0.7%(Cement content+jute fiber content),the change of particle size distribution is most obvious.(4)When the contents of cement and jute fiber are is 6%and 0.5%,respectively,the modification induced in the physical properties of soil samples corresponds to the best case.

Determination of the Dose of PAC in Ultrafiltration System for Drinking Water Treatment

Immersed ultrafiltration (UF) process was chosen to treat the raw water of the Yangtze River. In order to control the membrane fouling, powdered activated carbon (PAC) was added to the UF tank for removing natural organic matter (NOM). The optimal dosage of PAC was investigated in the PAC/UF combined process. UV254 was used to measure the organic matter adsorbed by PAC. And the results show that the maximum elimination can be achieved while the dosage of PAC is 60mg/L. However, the elimination can not reduce the rate of membrane fouling which indicates that the organic matter absorbed by PAC is not the only factor leading to the fouling and the overload of PAC also contributes to the fouling. Therefore, the optimal dosage of PAC should be determined by organic matter removal as well as membrane fouling control. The ultimately optimized dosing of PAC is 20mg/L in this study, and the average removal rate of the PAC/UF process for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV254, and CODMn are 42.6%, 63.4%, and 45.7% respectively.

How to determine the dosage of oral progesterone among patients with menstrual disorders？

Background Few studies have given suggestions on appropriate individual progesterone dosage in patients with progesterone deficiency. This study was designed to provide a reference for the clinical use of oral progesterone by exploring the relationship among Body Mass Index （BMI）, dosage of progesterone, and serum progesterone concentration. Many gynecology and obstetrics doctors are unfamiliar with progesterone treatment. Our study is intended to help determine the dosage of oral progesterone. Methods This was a block randomized, open-label, prospective clinical trial. Eighty women undergoing cessation of menses were recruited, given oral progesterone therapy for 10 consecutive days. They were randomly assigned to four groups （four different doses of progesterone, n=20）： group A 100 rag/d, group B 200 rag/d, group C 300 mg/d, and group D 400 mg/d. Results Seventy-four patients （92.5%, 74/80） completed the study. It was observed that administration of progesterone significantly increased serum progesterone concentration in the four groups （all P 〈0.001）. And there is a positive correlation between the increase and dosage （rp=0.613, P 〈0.001）. A further linear regression analysis found the major regression equation： when 18.5 kg/m^2 -≤BMI 〈24 kg/m^2, Y=8.4820×10^0.003x （R^2=0.425, P 〈0.001）; Y was the increase of serum progesterone concentration in nmol/L, and X was the dosage of oral progesterone in mg/d. Conclusions Serum progesterone levels went up linearly as the dosage increased. The higher the patient＇s BMI, the higher dosage would be needed to achieve the same serum progesterone for different patients can be roughly calculated progesterone concentration. The appropriate dosage of ora in light of the results of this study.