Currently, image-based 3-dimentional (3D) planning brachytherapy allows for a better assessment of gross tumor volume (GTV) and the definition and delineation of target volume in cervix cancer. In this study, we inves...Currently, image-based 3-dimentional (3D) planning brachytherapy allows for a better assessment of gross tumor volume (GTV) and the definition and delineation of target volume in cervix cancer. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of our novel computed tomography (CT)-guided free-hand high-dose- rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDRISBT) technique for cervical cancer by evaluating the dosimetry and preliminary clinical outcome of this approach. Dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters were analyzed according to the Gynecological GEC-ESTRO Working Group recommendations for image-based 3D treatment in cervical cancer. Twenty cervical cancer patients who underwent CT-guided free-hand HDRISBT between March 2009 and June 2010 were studied. With a median of 5 (range, 4-7) implanted needles for each patient, the median dose of brachytherapy alone delivered to 90% of the target volume (D90 ) was 45 (range, 33-54) Gyα/β10 for high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) and 30 (range, 20-36) Gyα/β10 for intermediate-risk clinical target volume (IR-CTV). The percentage of the CTV covered by the prescribed dose (V100 ) of HR-CTV with brachytherapy alone was 81.9%-99.2% (median, 96.7%). With an additional dose of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), the median D90 was 94 (range, 83-104) Gyα/β10 for HR-CTV and 77 (range, 70 -87) Gyα/β10 for IR-CTV; the median dose delivered to 100% of the target volume (D100 ) was 75 (range, 66-84) Gyα/β10 for HR-CTV and 65 (range, 57-73) Gyα/β10 for IR-CTV. The minimum dose to the most irradiated 2 cc volume (D2cc ) was 73-96 (median, 83) Gyα/β3 for the bladder, 64-98 (median, 73) Gyα/β3 for the rectum, and 52-69 (median, 61) Gyα/β3 for the sigmoid colon. After a median follow-up of 15 months (range, 3 -24 months), two patients experienced local failure, and 1 showed internal iliac nodal metastasis. Despite the relatively small number of needles used, CT-guided HDRISBT for cervical cancer showed favorable DVH parameters and clinical outcome.展开更多
In single photon emission computed tomography-based three-dimensional radiotherapy(SPECT-B-3DCRT), im-ages of Tc-99 m galactosyl human serum albumin(GSA), which bind to receptors on functional liver cells, are merged ...In single photon emission computed tomography-based three-dimensional radiotherapy(SPECT-B-3DCRT), im-ages of Tc-99 m galactosyl human serum albumin(GSA), which bind to receptors on functional liver cells, are merged with the computed tomography simulation im-ages. Functional liver is defined as the area of normal liver where GSA accumulation exceeds that of hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC). In cirrhotic patients with a gigantic, proton-beam-untreatable HCC of ≥ 14 cm in diameter, the use of SPECT-B-3DCRT in combination with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization achieved a 2-year local tumor control rate of 78.6% and a 2-year survival rate of 33.3%. SPECT-B-3DCRT was applied to HCC to preserve as much functional liver as possible. Sixty-four patients with HCC, including 30 with Child B liver cirrhosis, received SPECT-B-3DCRT and none ex-perienced fatal radiation-induced liver disease(RILD). The Child-Pugh score deteriorated by 1 or 2 in > 20% of functional liver volume that was irradiated with ≥ 20 Gy. The deterioration in the Child-Pugh score decreased when the radiation plan was designed to irradiate ≤ 20% of the functional liver volume in patients givendoses of ≥ 20 Gy(FLV20Gy). Therefore, FLV20 Gy ≤ 20% may represent a safety index to prevent RILD during 3DCRT for HCC. To supplement FLV20 Gy as a qualitative index, we propose a quantitative indicator, F 20 Gy, which was calculated as F 20 Gy = 100% ×(the GSA count in the area irradiated with ≥ 20 Gy)/(the GSA count in the whole liver).展开更多
Background: Radiotherapy (RT) techniques after Conservative Breast Surgery (CBS) vary. Three Dimension (3D) planning allows for better plan optimization compared to 2 Dimension (2D) plans and also allowing for creatin...Background: Radiotherapy (RT) techniques after Conservative Breast Surgery (CBS) vary. Three Dimension (3D) planning allows for better plan optimization compared to 2 Dimension (2D) plans and also allowing for creating Dose Volume Histograms (DVHs) for both Planning Target Volume (PTV) and Organs at Risk (OAR). Patients and Methods: Twenty consecutive patients with CBS planned for whole breast and supraclavicular (SCV) RT at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Egypt between January and June 2016 were included in this study. All patients were planned clinically in 2D fashion with no more than 2 cm of ipsilateral lung allowed in the tangential fields “Limited 2D” (Limit-2D) then Target and OAR volumes were drawn according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) guidelines and 3D plans and a central slice PTV-based 2D plan, “Modified 2D” (Mod-2D), were performed in the same Computerized Tomography (CT) slices for each patient. Mono-Iso-Centeric technique (MIT) was used in 3D plans. DVH parameters were used to compare the three plans. Results: In 3D plans, compared to Limit-2D, coverage improved for the intact breast (V95% = 95% versus (Vs) 69%, p = 0.036) and SCVPTV (V90% = 90% Vs 65%, p = 0.01). The breast and SCV V 107%, V112% and Dmax were better with 3D plan however not statistical significant (NS). Junctional hot spots were 120% and 107% in the Limit-2D and 3D plans respectively (p = 0.04). The dose to the heart, mean (333 Vs 491 cGy), V10 (5% Vs 10%) and V20 (3% Vs 7%), Ipsilateral lung V20 (19% Vs 26%), and contra lateral breast D-max (205 Vs 462 cGy) were higher in 3D plans however NS, and the dose to the cord was the same. Comparison between 3D and Mod-2D showed better OAR sparing with 3D with mean heart dose (491 cGy Vs 782 cGy, p = 0.025) and Ipsilateral lung V20 (26% Vs 32%, p = 0.07% with statistically comparable target coverage. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that application of 3D plan using MIT improves coverage of breast and SCVPTVs with minimizing hot spot at the junctional area if compared with Limit-2D plans with comparable dose to OAR. When compared with Mod-2D plans, 3D plans not only had better target coverage but also better sparing of OAR, the latter was statistically significant.展开更多
目的研究血清转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、白介素-6(IL-6)、血栓调解蛋白(TM)水平以及剂量体积因素与急性放射性肺炎(ARP)发生的相关性。方法对27例肺癌、16例食管癌、1例胸腺瘤患者按常规给予三维适形放射治疗(3DCRT)和化疗;其中19例...目的研究血清转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、白介素-6(IL-6)、血栓调解蛋白(TM)水平以及剂量体积因素与急性放射性肺炎(ARP)发生的相关性。方法对27例肺癌、16例食管癌、1例胸腺瘤患者按常规给予三维适形放射治疗(3DCRT)和化疗;其中19例采用同步放化疗,25例采用序贯化放疗。放疗前和放疗30Gy时用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测患者血清IL-6、TGF-β1、TM水平。依照美国国立肿瘤研究所CTCAEv3.0标准,为ARP评级,评价≥2级定为ARP。并分析TGF-β1、IL-6、TM水平、肺功能指标以及剂量体积因素与ARP发生率的关系。剂量体积因素包括平均肺剂量(MLD)和Vx(指照射总剂量高于xGy的肺体积占全肺总体积的百分数)。结果44例患者中有15例发生了ARP,9例2级,6例3级。ARP发生与未发生组照射30Gy时TGF-β1水平(pg/mL)平均值分别为:(866±270 vs 396±338,P=0.000)。ARP发生率在年龄<60和≥60岁组分别是:46.15%(12/26)和16.67%(3/18)(P=0.042);有、无吸烟史组是:45.45%(15/33)和0%(0/11)(P=0.017);在照射30Gy后TM降低与增高组是:45.16%(14/31)和7.69%(1/13)(P=0.041);在MLD(Gy)<10和≥10组是:16.67%(5/25)和55%(10/19)(P=0.024);在V30<13%和≥13%组是22.22%(6/27)和52.94%(9/17)(P=0.036)。V20<25%与≥25%之间,ARP发生率差异无统计学意义。多因素分析提示MLD(P=0.012)和放疗30Gy时TGF-β1水平(P=0.001)与ARP的发生有相关性。结论TGF-β1以及MLD是有意义的预测ARP的早期指标,第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)实测/预测值%的大小对ARP的严重程度有一定的预测价值。展开更多
文摘Currently, image-based 3-dimentional (3D) planning brachytherapy allows for a better assessment of gross tumor volume (GTV) and the definition and delineation of target volume in cervix cancer. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of our novel computed tomography (CT)-guided free-hand high-dose- rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDRISBT) technique for cervical cancer by evaluating the dosimetry and preliminary clinical outcome of this approach. Dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters were analyzed according to the Gynecological GEC-ESTRO Working Group recommendations for image-based 3D treatment in cervical cancer. Twenty cervical cancer patients who underwent CT-guided free-hand HDRISBT between March 2009 and June 2010 were studied. With a median of 5 (range, 4-7) implanted needles for each patient, the median dose of brachytherapy alone delivered to 90% of the target volume (D90 ) was 45 (range, 33-54) Gyα/β10 for high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) and 30 (range, 20-36) Gyα/β10 for intermediate-risk clinical target volume (IR-CTV). The percentage of the CTV covered by the prescribed dose (V100 ) of HR-CTV with brachytherapy alone was 81.9%-99.2% (median, 96.7%). With an additional dose of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), the median D90 was 94 (range, 83-104) Gyα/β10 for HR-CTV and 77 (range, 70 -87) Gyα/β10 for IR-CTV; the median dose delivered to 100% of the target volume (D100 ) was 75 (range, 66-84) Gyα/β10 for HR-CTV and 65 (range, 57-73) Gyα/β10 for IR-CTV. The minimum dose to the most irradiated 2 cc volume (D2cc ) was 73-96 (median, 83) Gyα/β3 for the bladder, 64-98 (median, 73) Gyα/β3 for the rectum, and 52-69 (median, 61) Gyα/β3 for the sigmoid colon. After a median follow-up of 15 months (range, 3 -24 months), two patients experienced local failure, and 1 showed internal iliac nodal metastasis. Despite the relatively small number of needles used, CT-guided HDRISBT for cervical cancer showed favorable DVH parameters and clinical outcome.
文摘In single photon emission computed tomography-based three-dimensional radiotherapy(SPECT-B-3DCRT), im-ages of Tc-99 m galactosyl human serum albumin(GSA), which bind to receptors on functional liver cells, are merged with the computed tomography simulation im-ages. Functional liver is defined as the area of normal liver where GSA accumulation exceeds that of hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC). In cirrhotic patients with a gigantic, proton-beam-untreatable HCC of ≥ 14 cm in diameter, the use of SPECT-B-3DCRT in combination with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization achieved a 2-year local tumor control rate of 78.6% and a 2-year survival rate of 33.3%. SPECT-B-3DCRT was applied to HCC to preserve as much functional liver as possible. Sixty-four patients with HCC, including 30 with Child B liver cirrhosis, received SPECT-B-3DCRT and none ex-perienced fatal radiation-induced liver disease(RILD). The Child-Pugh score deteriorated by 1 or 2 in > 20% of functional liver volume that was irradiated with ≥ 20 Gy. The deterioration in the Child-Pugh score decreased when the radiation plan was designed to irradiate ≤ 20% of the functional liver volume in patients givendoses of ≥ 20 Gy(FLV20Gy). Therefore, FLV20 Gy ≤ 20% may represent a safety index to prevent RILD during 3DCRT for HCC. To supplement FLV20 Gy as a qualitative index, we propose a quantitative indicator, F 20 Gy, which was calculated as F 20 Gy = 100% ×(the GSA count in the area irradiated with ≥ 20 Gy)/(the GSA count in the whole liver).
文摘Background: Radiotherapy (RT) techniques after Conservative Breast Surgery (CBS) vary. Three Dimension (3D) planning allows for better plan optimization compared to 2 Dimension (2D) plans and also allowing for creating Dose Volume Histograms (DVHs) for both Planning Target Volume (PTV) and Organs at Risk (OAR). Patients and Methods: Twenty consecutive patients with CBS planned for whole breast and supraclavicular (SCV) RT at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Egypt between January and June 2016 were included in this study. All patients were planned clinically in 2D fashion with no more than 2 cm of ipsilateral lung allowed in the tangential fields “Limited 2D” (Limit-2D) then Target and OAR volumes were drawn according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) guidelines and 3D plans and a central slice PTV-based 2D plan, “Modified 2D” (Mod-2D), were performed in the same Computerized Tomography (CT) slices for each patient. Mono-Iso-Centeric technique (MIT) was used in 3D plans. DVH parameters were used to compare the three plans. Results: In 3D plans, compared to Limit-2D, coverage improved for the intact breast (V95% = 95% versus (Vs) 69%, p = 0.036) and SCVPTV (V90% = 90% Vs 65%, p = 0.01). The breast and SCV V 107%, V112% and Dmax were better with 3D plan however not statistical significant (NS). Junctional hot spots were 120% and 107% in the Limit-2D and 3D plans respectively (p = 0.04). The dose to the heart, mean (333 Vs 491 cGy), V10 (5% Vs 10%) and V20 (3% Vs 7%), Ipsilateral lung V20 (19% Vs 26%), and contra lateral breast D-max (205 Vs 462 cGy) were higher in 3D plans however NS, and the dose to the cord was the same. Comparison between 3D and Mod-2D showed better OAR sparing with 3D with mean heart dose (491 cGy Vs 782 cGy, p = 0.025) and Ipsilateral lung V20 (26% Vs 32%, p = 0.07% with statistically comparable target coverage. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that application of 3D plan using MIT improves coverage of breast and SCVPTVs with minimizing hot spot at the junctional area if compared with Limit-2D plans with comparable dose to OAR. When compared with Mod-2D plans, 3D plans not only had better target coverage but also better sparing of OAR, the latter was statistically significant.
文摘目的研究血清转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、白介素-6(IL-6)、血栓调解蛋白(TM)水平以及剂量体积因素与急性放射性肺炎(ARP)发生的相关性。方法对27例肺癌、16例食管癌、1例胸腺瘤患者按常规给予三维适形放射治疗(3DCRT)和化疗;其中19例采用同步放化疗,25例采用序贯化放疗。放疗前和放疗30Gy时用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测患者血清IL-6、TGF-β1、TM水平。依照美国国立肿瘤研究所CTCAEv3.0标准,为ARP评级,评价≥2级定为ARP。并分析TGF-β1、IL-6、TM水平、肺功能指标以及剂量体积因素与ARP发生率的关系。剂量体积因素包括平均肺剂量(MLD)和Vx(指照射总剂量高于xGy的肺体积占全肺总体积的百分数)。结果44例患者中有15例发生了ARP,9例2级,6例3级。ARP发生与未发生组照射30Gy时TGF-β1水平(pg/mL)平均值分别为:(866±270 vs 396±338,P=0.000)。ARP发生率在年龄<60和≥60岁组分别是:46.15%(12/26)和16.67%(3/18)(P=0.042);有、无吸烟史组是:45.45%(15/33)和0%(0/11)(P=0.017);在照射30Gy后TM降低与增高组是:45.16%(14/31)和7.69%(1/13)(P=0.041);在MLD(Gy)<10和≥10组是:16.67%(5/25)和55%(10/19)(P=0.024);在V30<13%和≥13%组是22.22%(6/27)和52.94%(9/17)(P=0.036)。V20<25%与≥25%之间,ARP发生率差异无统计学意义。多因素分析提示MLD(P=0.012)和放疗30Gy时TGF-β1水平(P=0.001)与ARP的发生有相关性。结论TGF-β1以及MLD是有意义的预测ARP的早期指标,第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)实测/预测值%的大小对ARP的严重程度有一定的预测价值。
