Dose Effects of Ion Beam Exposure on Deinococcus Radiodurans: Survival and Dose Response

To explore the survival and dose response of organism for different radiation sources is of great importance in the research of radiobiology. In this study, the survival-dose response of Deinococcus radiodurans (E.coli, as the control) for ultra-violet (UV), γ-rays radiation and ion beam exposure was investigated. The shoulder type of survival curves were found for both UV and γ-ray ionizing radiation, but the saddle type of survival curves were shown for H+、 N+( 20keV and 30keV) and Ar+ beam exposure. This dose effect of the survival initially decreased with the increase in dose and then increased in the high dose range and finally decreased again in the higher dose range. Our experimental results suggest that D. radiodurans, which is considerably radio-resistant to UV and x-ray and γ-ray ionizing radiation, do not resist ion beam exposure.

Total Ionizing Dose Response of Different Length Devices in 0.13μm Partially Depleted Silicon-on-Insulator Technology

An anomalous total dose effect that the long length device is more susceptible to total ionizing dose than the short one is observed with the 0.13？μm partially depleted silicon-on-insulator technology. The measured results and 3D technology computer aided design simulations demonstrate that the devices with different channel lengths may exhibit an enhanced reverse short channel effect after radiation. It is ascribed to that the halo or pocket implants introduced in processes results in non-uniform channel doping profiles along the device length and trapped charges in the shallow trench isolation regions.

High prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in Crohn's disease patients according to serum retinol levels and the relative dose-response test

AIM:To assess the vitamin A status of patients with Crohn's disease(CD) by evaluating serum retinol levels and the relative dose response(RDR) test(liver retinol stores).METHODS:Vitamin A nutritional status was measured by serum retinol obtained by high performance liquid chromatography and the RDR test for evaluation of the hepatic stores.Body composition was performed by densitometry by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Vitamin A dietary intake was assessed from a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.RESULTS:This study included 38 CD patients and 33 controls.Low serum retinol concentrations were detected in 29% of CD patients vs 15% in controls(P < 0.005).The RDR test was positive in 37% of CD patients vs 12% in controls,which indicated inadequate hepatic vitamin A stores(P < 0.005).Individuals with hypovitaminosis A had lower BMI and body fat compared with those without this deficiency.There was no association between vitamin A deficiency and its dietary intake,ileal location,presence of disease activity and prior bowel resections.CONCLUSION:Patients with CD have higher prevalence of vitamin A deficiency,as assessed by two independent methods.

DOSE RESPONSE CURVE OF ^（60）Co FOR PREMATURE CONDENSED CHROMOSOME FRAGMENTS OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES

The dose-response curves obtained by premature condensed chromosome (PCC)and conventional cellular genetic methods can be represented by two linear equations. The ratiO of the slopes, Kpcc/KM,, is about 28. In comparison to the conventional method, the PCC method has many advantages; e,g. it is faster, simpler, more sensitive and accurate. Its significance in the study of radiation damage is also discussed.

Total dose responses and reliability issues of 65 nm NMOSFETs

In this paper,total dose responses and reliability issues of MOSFETs fabricated by 65 nm CMOS technology were examined. ＂Radiation-induced narrow channel effect＂ is observed in a narrow channel device.Similar to total dose responses of NMOSFETs,narrow channel NMOSFEs have larger hot-carrier-induced degradation than wide channel devices.Step Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown（TDDB） stresses are applied,and narrow channel devices have higher breakdown voltage than wide channel devices,which agree with ＂weakest link＂ theory of TDDB.Experimental results show that linear current,transconductance,saturated drain current and subthreshold swing are superposed degenerated by total dose irradiation and reliability issues,which may result in different lifetime from that considering total dose irradiation reliability issues separately.

Effect of Cycloheximide on the Adaptive Response Induced by Low Dose Radiation

Human lymphocytes pre-exposed to 10 mGy or 50 mGy of X-rays become less sensitive to subsequent large dose irradiation, exhibited lower rate of chromosome aberration than expected. This adaptive response could be inhibited by cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor for successive 2 h period ranging from 0.5h before to 4h after the low dose exposure, indicating that the adaptive response was directly related with the protein synthesis.

Influence of Total Ionizing Dose Irradiation on Low-Frequency Noise Responses in Partially Depleted SOI nMOSFETs

Total ionizing dose effect induced low frequency degradations in 130nm partially depleted silicon-on-insulator （SOI） technology are studied by ^60Co γ -ray irradiation. The experimental results show that the flicker noise at the front gate is not affected by the radiation since the radiation induced trapped charge in the thin gate oxide can be ignored. However, both the Lorenz spectrum noise, which is related to the linear kink effect （LKE） at the front gate, and the flicker noise at the back gate are sensitive to radiation. The radiation induced trapped charge in shallow trench isolation and the buried oxide can deplete the nearby body region and can activate the traps which reside in the depletion region. These traps act as a GR center and accelerate the consumption of the accumulated holes in the floating body. It results in the attenuation of the LKE and the increase of the Lorenz spectrum noise. Simultaneously, the radiation induced trapped charge in the buried oxide can directly lead to an enhanced flicker noise at the back gate. The trapped charge density in the buried oxide is extracted to increase from 2.21×10^18 eV^-1 cm^-3 to 3.59×10^18？eV^-1 cm^-3 after irradiation.

Walking pace and the risk of stroke:A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Purpose:The extent to which walking pace is associated with a reduced risk for stroke remains unclear.This study examined the association between walking pace and stroke risk based on prospective cohort studies.Methods:Databases of PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,Scopus,and China National Knowledge Internet were searched from the inception dates to January 31,2019,for prospective cohort studies focusing on walking pace and risk of stroke in adults.Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies.The dependent measure was stroke incidence.Using random-effects models,a metaanalysis was performed to estimate the overall relative risks(RR)of stroke incidence and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for the individuals with the fastest walking paces vs.individuals with the slowest walking paces.A dose-response relationship was also examined.Results:After screening 1294 titles/abstracts and 14 full-text studies identified in the search,7 studies(from 8 cohorts)were included in the metaanalysis.The 7 studies included a total of 135,645 participants(95.2%women;mean age 63.6 years)and 2229 stroke events(median follow-up time=8.0 years).Compared to individuals in the slowest walking-pace category(median=1.6 km/h),individuals in the fastest walking-pace category(median=5.6 km/h)had a 44%lower risk of stroke(pooled RR=0.56,95%CI:0.48-0.65).There was also a linear dose-response relationship(RR=0.87;95%CI:0.83-0.91),with the risk of stroke decreased by 13%for every 1 km/h increment in baseline walking pace.We observed similar results across walking-pace assessment,type of stroke ascertainment,stroke subtypes,sex,sample size,and duration of follow-up.Conclusion:Findings from this meta-analysis indicate that walking pace is inversely associated with the risk of stroke.

Performance of a plastic scintillation fiber dosimeter based on different photoelectric devices

The photoelectric device of a scintillation dosimeter converts photons produced by radiation into an electrical signal.Its features directly determine the overall performance of the dosimeter.For a plastic scintillation fiber dosimeter(PSFD)with a current readout mode,systematic studies of the stability and light-dose response were performed for the photomultiplier tube(PMT),silicon photomultiplier(SiPM),avalanche photodiode(APD),and photodiode(PD).The temperature stability,long-term stability,repeatability,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),and current dose response of the PSFD with the abovementioned photoelectric devices were studied using a pulsed LED light source and the Small Animal Radiation Therapy platform.An exponential relationship between the dark/ne current and temperature was obtained for all the devices.I is shown that the APD is the most sensitive device to temperature,with a current dependence on temperature reaching 6.5%C^(-1)at room temperature,whereas for the other devices this dependence is always<0:6%C^(-1).In terms of long-term stability,the net current of PD can change by up to 4%when working continuously for 8 h and 2%when working intermittently for 32 h,whereas for the other devices,the changes are all<1%.For the dose response,the PMT and SiPM exhibit excellent linear responses and SNRs within the range of 0.1-60 Gy/min For the PSFD with a current readout mode,the performance of the PMT and SiPM is concluded to be better than that of the other devices in the study.In particular,the SiPM,which has a compact size,low bias voltage,and antimagnetic interference,has great advantages for further applications.

A comparative study of the dose response and time course of recovery of atracurium and rocuronium

To compare the characteristics of the dose response relationship and the time course of action between atracurium and rocuronium in adult patients anesthetized with N 2O O 2 fentanyl thiopene Methods Sixty patients, ASA grade Ⅰ, aged 18-50 years, scheduled for elective plastic surgery were studied All patients were randomly divided into either the atracurium or rocuronium group General anesthesia was maintained with 60% nitrous oxide and 40% oxygen, thiopentone, and fentanyl Neuromuscular function was assessed using an accelograph with train of four (TOF) stimulation at the wrist every 12 seconds The percentage depression of the first twitch (T 1) was used as the study parameter The dose response relationship of atracurium and rocuronium was determined by the cumulative dose response technique Results According to the dose response curves established by a least squares linear regression, the potency ratio of atracurium to rocuronium was 1∶1 2 There were significant differences in the ED 50 , ED 90 , and ED 95 between the two drugs After the intravenous administration of equipotent doses of both drugs (1 5×ED 95 ), the duration of peak effect, clinical duration, and total duration were significantly different between the two drugs, but their recovery indexes were similar Conclusions Atracurium and rocuronium are low potency nondepolarizing relaxants with intermediate duration As compared to atracurium, the neuromuscular blocking effect of rocuronium was about 20% less potent and its duration of action was shorter

European Union’s imminent ban on glyphosate: Hormesis should be considered in new chemical screening and selection

The European Federation of Food, Agriculture, and Tourism Trade Unions (EFFAT) called for the immediate ban on glyphosate in the 2022 renewal process, promoting the use of natural herbicides and recommending against the use of other harmful or hazardous chemicals. The new chemical testing and selection research agendas should consider the hormetic effects of individual natural herbicides, and their potential mixtures, on targeted and non-targeted organisms to avoid stimulation of pests and negative effects on non-targeted organisms. New scientific research programs are needed to study the effects of mixtures of natural pesticides on soils, plants, animals, and microorganisms within the context of agroforestry.

Relaxant Effect of Bioactive Component Compatibility of San-ao Decoction on In vitro Guinea Pig Airway Smooth Muscle:A Dose-Response Relationship Study

Background:Component compatibility is important to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.Studies have shown that San-ao decoction(SAD)can treat respiratory diseases by relaxing airway smooth muscle(ASM)and reducing airway hyper-responsiveness.However,whether its bioactive components and compatibility also present with similar relaxant effects remains unknown.This study aims to explore the potential relaxant property,dose-response relationship,and underlying mechanisms of the bioactive component compatibility in SAD.Methods:Network pharmacology was primarily used to identify the bioactive components of SAD and uncover its underlying mechanisms.ASM tension force measuring technique was utilized to verify the relaxant and dose-response effects on in vitro guinea pig ASM.Results:We postulated pseudoephedrine hydrochloride(PH),amygdalin(AM),and diammonium glycyrrhizate(DG)to be the bioactive components of SAD,which could effectively relax ASM in a dose-dependent manner on both acetylcholine-induced and spontaneous contraction.Both PH and AM could lead to DG dose–response curve shift.The regression equation of these three bioactive components was Y=-2.048×X_(1)+0.411×X_(2)+14.052×X_(3)(X_(1),X_(2),X_(3)representing PH,AM,and DG,respectively).The underlying mechanisms of these components might be associated with the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.Conclusions:PH,AM,and DG are the bioactive components of SAD,which can relax ASM in a dose–response manner and exert a synergistic effect.Clinically,compatibility of these three bioactive components may serve as a new complementary and alternative treatment for respiratory diseases.

Abnormal response to irradiation dose of E' center of quartz

In order to obtain accumlated dose for ESR dating, the additive dose method is usu-ally used. When samples are irradiated by an αradioactive source in different doses. theESR signals of some centers of the samples grow up with the increase of irradiation dosesuntil saturation. Models have been suggested and theoretical explanations have beengiven. They believe that the electrons in crystal are in the valence band under

D301树脂动态吸附溴离子过程探究及模型拟合

研究了用D301树脂吸附岩盐矿提钾母液中溴离子的可能性,考察了吸附柱动态吸附过程中原料液溴离子初始浓度、床层高度及进料流速等因素的影响。结果表明,增加原料液溴离子初始浓度或降低进料流速能提高树脂单位饱和吸附量。当原料液溴离子初始浓度从1000 mg/L升至4000 mg/L时,树脂单位饱和吸附量从1.8 mg/L增至6.4 mg/mL。增加床层高度或降低进料流速会延长动态吸附突破时间及饱和时间,而原料液溴离子初始浓度对其没有影响。应用了Bed Depth Service Time(BDST),Thomas,Yoon-Nelson,Wolborska及Modified dose response(MDR)等五种吸附模型对动态吸附过程进行拟合,其中MDR模型的拟合效果最佳。D301树脂可用于从含有高浓度氯离子的提钾母液中提取溴离子。

Clinical observation on the time-effect relationship of moxibustion for primary dysmenorrhea due to stagnation and congelation of cold-damp

Objective:To observe the time-effect relationship of moxibustion for primary dysmenorrhea(PD)due to stagnation and congelation of cold-damp,thus explore the optimal choice of moxibustion duration,and provide evidence for achieving satisfactory efficacy in moxibustion treatment.Methods:A total of 90 patients with PD due to stagnatin and congelation of cold-damp were divided into three groups by the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.All the patients in the three groups were given moxibustion treatment at Guanyuan(CV 4),20 min in group A,40 min in group B and 60 min in group C.The changes in the pain measurement score in the three groups were observed after treatment.Results:After treatment,there were significant differences in the clinical efficacy among the three groups(P<0.05);the clinical efficacy was better in group B and group C than that in group A(P<0.05),and that in group B was better than that in group C(P<0.05).Besides,the pain measurement score changed significantly after treatment in the three groups(all P<0.05),and the between-group differences were also statistically significant(P<0.05);the pain measurement scores in group B and group C were lower than that in group A(P<0.05),and that in group B was lower than that in group C(P<0.05).Conclusion:Given the same stimulating frequency and intervention time of moxibustion,40-minute duration demonstrates relatively better efficacy for PD due to stagnation and congelation of cold-damp.

A review of time-effect research on acupuncture in experimental rats/mice in the recent 10 years

Objective:To summarize the influence patterns of related time factors on acupuncture effectiveness in different disease model rats/mice,and to provide reference for acupuncture clinical practice.Methods:Retrieved the relevant literatures on time-effect experimental studies of acupuncture in rats/mice in the recent 10 years.The correlations between the key time factors(such as different intervention timings of acupuncture,acupuncture moments,operation durations,needle-retaining times,intervals and treatment courses)and the acupuncture effect were analyzed and summarized.Results:From the mainstream perspective of quantification,the earlier the acupuncture intervention,the better.The proper time to implement acupuncture varied depending on disease models and points.The best operation time varied widely between different diseases.The most frequently needle-retaining time was 20-30 min.The frequency of acupuncture was usually 1 time/day;the length of the treatment course was determined according to practitioners'experience.Conclusion:Throughout the time-effect studies of acupuncture intervention in experimental rats/mice,conclusions are inconsistent,especially the lack of quantitative research on acupuncture operation time,acupuncture frequency,acupuncture treatment duration,and optimal stimulation amount.Future research should explore and determine the best time-quantity parameters that affect the effectiveness of acupuncture intervention,which is the key and goal of the acupuncture time-effect research.Independent intervention-time experiments throughout the entire course of a single disease(dominant disease)need to be done to guide clinical and disciplinary development.