Correlation Analysis Between Yield Components and Yield Per Plant of Double-low Hybrid Rapeseed

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the relation between yield components and yield per plant of double-low hybrid rapeseed and provide reference for breaking yield limitation of rapeseed and culturing new double-low hybrid rapeseed variety. [Method]The yield components and yield per plant of two cross combination of double-low hybrid rapeseed (B02, D04) and Shuza 6 were correlatively analyzed and compared, besides, the path analysis was also carried on to them. [Result] Among B02, D04 and Shuza No.6, effective pod number per plant and seeds per silique, seeds per pod and 1 000-grain weight were all negative correlation. In high yield hybrid, pod number per plant, seeds per pod had more impaction on yield per plant than 1 000-grain weight and the difference was at 0.01 significant level. In the control variety Shuza No.6, the impactions of pod number per plant and seeds per pod on yield per plant were bigger than that of 1 000-grain weight on yield per plant, however, the difference was not significant. [Conclusion] The improvement of effective pod number per plant was an important aim of breeding work of double low rapeseed breeding in Sichuan ecological region.

Chemical composition,energy and amino acid digestibility in double-low rapeseed meal fed to growing pigs

Background： The nutritional value of rapeseed meal may be variable due to the variation of its chemical composition. And a precise understandin9 of the nutritional value of an ingredient is beneficial for the accurate diet formulation and reduction of feed costs. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, dicjestible energy （DE） and metabolizable enercjy （ME） content, and apparent ileal digestibility （AID） and standardized ileal dicjestibility （SID） of amino acids （AA） for growincj pigs. Thirteen solvent-extracted double-low rapeseed meal （DLIRSM） samples were obtained from the main double-low rapeseed producing areas in China. Methods： The DE and ME contents of the 13 DLRSM samples were measured in cjrowin9 pigs （six pigs per DLRSM sample, average initial body weicjht （BW） =48.3 kg）. The AID and SID of AA of 10 DLRSM samples were determined in 12 crossbred barrows （average initial BW = 35.3 kcj） by using two 6 x 6 Latin square designs. Each Latin square comprised one N-flee diet and 5 DLRSM test diets. Results： The chemical composition of DLRSM varied among samples, and the coefficient of variation was greater than ]0 % for ether extract （EE）, neutral detergent fiber （NDF）, acid detergent fiber （ADF）, calcium （Ca）, and total 91ucosinolates. The AA content of DLRSM varied among samples especially for lysine （Lys） and methionine （Met）. On a dry matter （DM） basis, the apparent total tract digestibility （ATFD） of gross energy （GE）, the DE and ME and the ME：DE ratio of DLRSM averaged 62.39 %, 2862 kcal/k9 and 2723 kcal/kcj, and 94.95 %, respectively. The mean value of S1D of Lys was 70.52 % which varied from 66.54-76.54 %. The SID of crude protein （CP）, Met, and threonine （Thr） averaged 72.81%, 82.41%, and 69.76 %, respectively. Conclusions： There was great variability in chemical composition especially in the concentration of EE, NDF and ADF, but no significant differences in energy content of the DLIRSM samples were observed. In addition, the AID and SID of all AA were relatively similar amoncj DLRSM samples except for that of Lys.

Optimal Supplement Dosage of Double-Low Rapeseed Meal in Concentrated Feed of Fattening Lambs

[ Objective] To determine the optimal supplement dosage of double-low rapeseed meal in concentrated feed of fattening lambs. [ Method] A total of 120 Tibetan lambs at the age of 50 d were selected and divided randomly into four groups. The lambs in these four groups were fed with diets respectively supplemented the double-low rapeseed meal of 50,100,150 and 200 g/kg. Their diets had the same nutritional levels of energy and protein. The experimental period was 120 d. [ Result] Daily gain, feed conservation ratio and economic benefits were largely increased in the lambs fed with the diets supplemented the double-low rapeseed meal of 150 g/kg （Daily gain, P 〈 0.01 ）. However, the daily gain and feed conservation ratio were largely decreased in the lambs fed with the diets supplemented the double-low rapeseed meal of 200 g/kg. Moreover, serum levels of transaminase and thyroxine were not significantly different between the four groups. [ Conclusion] The optimal supplement dosage of the double-low rapeseed meal is 150 g/kg in fattening lambs.

Full Mechanized Production Technology for Double-Low Rapeseed in Xianning City

This paper standardizes the operation of rapeseed production including variety choosing,field preparation,mechanical seeding,field management,mechanical harvesting etc.,to realize full mechanization of rapeseed production. The key technologies: the optimum sowing date was from mid-September to mid-October in rapeseed-rice（corn） double cropping system region,and from mid-October to late October in rapeseed-rice-rice triple-cropping region; seeding rate was 4. 5 kg/ha-6. 0 kg/ha; the optimum density was 450000-750000 plants per ha;150-240 kg N fertilizer,60-90 kg P2O5 fertilizer,90-135 kg K2O fertilizer and 7. 5-15 kg B fertilizer were used per ha,50% of N fertilizer and the rest of fertilizer were used as basal fertilizer; segmented harvesting was done when 70%-80% of siliques per plant was yellow and combined harvesting was done when more than 90% of siliques per plant was yellow or brown.

Genetic Improvement Progress and Productive Effect of Rapeseed in Henan Province

The research progress and major achievements on genetic breeding, het- erosis utilization of rapeseed in Henan Province were summarized, with the aim to provide technical guidance for rapeseed genetic breeding in the future work. Faced with the problems of lack of special varieties, highly demand for healthy oil and high production cost in rapeseed production in recent years, the breeding goals of rapeseed have been adjusted from high yield, high quality and disease resistance to high oil, high oleic acid, adaptative to mechanization, late planting resistance. The breeding technologies mainly focused on the isolated microspore culture, molecular marker assisted selection, and the corresponding high efficiency technical systems were constructed. The innovative research on excellent germplasm resources were carried on, which created and established breeding populations and distinctive new germplasm resources with diverse variations such as high oil content, high oleic acid content and low linolenic acid, cold resistance, drought resistance, pod shatter resistance and different flower color variations. A series of rapeseed hybrids of dou- ble low varieties with strong heterosis and high oil contents were released and these hybrids significantly improved seed yield, quality and resistance. The average yield of rapeseed in Henan Province was 22.49% higher than the national average yield in 2003-2015. All of the achievements provided strong technical support for the upgrading of rapeseed varieties and increasing both production and income.

应用ICP-MS测定双低与双高油菜籽的矿质元素含量

油菜籽中含有丰富的人体及动物必需的矿质元素,但有关不同品种油菜籽矿质元素含量差异的研究较少。选取我国长江流域冬油菜主产区正在种植的33个双低品种和12个传统双高品种,借助ICP-MS对比分析了两类甘蓝型油菜籽的矿质元素含量。检测结果表明,油菜籽中富含P,K,Ca,Mg,S,Fe,Mn等矿质元素,不同品种油菜籽矿质元素含量有一定差别。双低油菜籽中P,K,Ca,Mg和S的平均含量分别为6.26,10.17,6.75,4.82和4.52 mg.g-1,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn和B含量为96.20,37.10,3.84,41.61和12.16μg.g-1;双高油菜籽中P,K,Ca,Mg,S和微量元素Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,B的平均含量分别为5.97,10.14,6.31,4.50,9.06 mg.g-1和77.03,49.86,3.72,40.58,11.79μg.g-1。在测定的10种元素中双低品种有八种(P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Cu,Zn和B)高于双高品种,其中Ca,Mg和Fe含量的差异达到显著水平。油菜籽在矿质元素含量上的差异可作为推广应用双低品种的必要因素之一。

日粮中添加亚麻籽和双低菜籽混合原料提高鸡蛋中N-3PUFA含量的研究

选取健康25周龄农大三号粉壳蛋鸡180只,按体重一致的原则随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸡。第1组为对照组,饲喂玉米—豆粕型基础日粮,其他几个处理组分别在基础日粮中添加10%亚麻籽+1%鱼油(2组),10%亚麻籽+5%去皮双低菜籽(3组),5%亚麻籽+10%未去皮双低菜籽(4组),5%亚麻籽+10%去皮双低菜籽(5组),旨在研究每组中的两种不同原料的配比对鸡蛋中n-3PUFA含量和蛋鸡生产性能的影响。饲料和鸡蛋中脂肪酸采用气相色谱分析。试验结果表明:10%亚麻籽+1%鱼油组n- 3PUFA含量显著高于对照组和其他处理组(P<0.01),10%亚麻籽+5%去皮双低菜籽n-3PUFA富集量低于鱼油组(P<0.01),但显著高于对照组和其他两组(P<0.01);10%亚麻籽+1%鱼油组鸡蛋中DHA含量明显高于其他几组(P<0.01),其他3个处理组间无显著性差异(P>0.01);各处理组中添加的两种混合n-3PUFA原料对蛋鸡生产性能无显著性影响(P>0.05);感官评分结果表明:10%亚麻籽+1%鱼油可使鸡蛋产生鱼腥味,降低鸡蛋的感官评分。综合考虑蛋中n-3PUFA富集量和人们对鸡蛋的可接受性,本试验认为日粮中添加10%亚麻籽+5%去皮双低菜籽可用于高富集量n-3PUFA鸡蛋的生产。

双低油菜籽的油脂萃取动力学研究(Ⅰ)——油脂萃取过程内部扩散特性研究

采用循环连续柱萃取装置对双低油菜籽中油脂的萃取动力学进行研究 ,以获得 60 2油菜籽品种的萃取特性参数 ,建立萃取模型 ,为其油脂的加工提供理论参数。结果表明 :在萃取过程中 ,油脂的扩散系数随萃取时间呈先上升后下降的趋势。采用球形模型计算粉碎油菜籽的萃取动力学参数 ,其扩散速度常数为 0 0 0 8L/min,平衡常数为 1 570 ,萃取过程的平均扩散系数为 2 1× 1 0 -5mm2 /min。粉碎油菜籽的油脂萃取符合指数模型。

脱皮双低菜籽粕的开发和饲用研究

介绍了脱皮双低菜籽粕的开发和饲用研究情况。采用双低油菜籽脱皮冷榨膨化新工艺生产出的脱皮双低菜籽粕质量优良,其在猪、鸡和草鱼中的饲用试验均表明可增加采食量、提高动物的生长速度。脱皮双低菜籽粕饲用价值显著高于普通双低菜籽粕,在动物饲料中的用量可进一步加大,并降低饲料加工成本。

甘蓝型优质杂交油菜主要农艺性状配合力与遗传力研究

选用自育的 4个综合性状优良的双低油菜雄性不育系作母本 ,4种不同改良方法培育的优质恢复系作父本 ,采用 p×q交配模式 ,分析 1 6个组合 8个主要农艺性状的配合力及遗传力。结果表明 2 1 2A是一个较为理想的不育系 ,在多个产量性状上的一般配合力最高 ,应用潜力较大。以多亲本复合杂交方法选育的1 1 6C是一个较为理想的恢复系 ,经济性状突出 ,配合力较高。 2 1 2A× 1 1 6C为最佳组合。

低植酸、低单宁“双低”菜籽分离蛋白制备工艺的研究

以“双低”菜籽脱皮脱脂粕为原料,用碱溶酸沉法制备菜籽分离蛋白,通过对各种因素的分析得到制备菜籽分离蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:在pH为11的条件下,用NaOH溶液浸提4次,每次浸提35 min,固液比为1:12,浸提温度为50℃。在最佳条件下,产品蛋白质含量达86.12%,产品得率为24.35%。在碱溶酸沉前,用pH为5的8倍水脱植酸,用85%的乙醇、固液比1:4脱单宁,可制得低植酸、低单宁的“双低”菜籽分离蛋白。

4个双低甘蓝型油菜品种干物质积累及养分吸收动态

采用田间试验研究了4种双低油菜整个生育期内干物质积累及氮磷钾养分吸收动态。结果表明:播种后140d(苗期)、140~170d(蕾薹期)、170~199d(花期)和199~212d(角果期)4个油菜品种的干物质积累比例分别为12.7%~20.9%、15.3%~20.0%、60.3%~71.7%和-27.4%^-9.1%;氮素积累比例分别为33.3%~47.8%、11.9%~14.7%、15.5%~28.1%和17.7%~28.8%;磷素积累比例分别为23.4%~37.9%、22.5%~29.4%、32.7%~54.1%和-17.2%^-3.0%;钾素积累比例分别为24.7%~33.9%、16.2%~35.9%、31.0%~53.3%和-43.0%^-23.5%。表明油菜干物质累积与养分吸收量的变化趋势基本相同,氮素积累量最大时期为苗期,干物质、磷、钾积累量最大时期为花期,干物质及氮磷钾养分积累速率最大时期均为花期。每生产100kg籽粒养分的需求量平均为N4.3kg、P2O52.7kg和K2O8.7kg。在同等施肥量水平下,4个油菜品种中,华油杂9号籽粒产量最高,达3574kg/hm2;N、P、K养分偏生产力顺序为:中双9号>华油杂9号>华双5号>华双4号。

双低油菜籽脱皮冷榨的关键技术研究

针对双低油菜籽脱皮籽仁在冷榨过程中存在的一些关键技术问题,提出了双阶多级压榨的冷榨结构模型,对现有的螺旋榨油机的榨膛结构进行了改进,设计并制造了一种小型实验型冷榨机。在该机上,对操作工艺参数对脱皮籽仁的冷榨性能的影响进行了实验研究,结果表明,榨油机设定在较低转速(11r/min)有利于油料的冷榨,对入榨油料进行适度的调质(水分在6.4%)处理能改善油脂的提取效率,5%以下的仁中含皮率的要求是适宜的。冷榨脱皮菜籽仁的最大料筒温度始终低于70℃,确保了冷榨的需要。所研究的成果将为大型商用冷榨机的开发铺平道路。

超声处理对菜籽蛋白酶解效果的影响

以双低菜籽饼粕蛋白为原料,以常规酶解为对照,以酶解产物的抑制活性为指标,分别考察了超声预处理蛋白酶、超声预处理蛋白原料和酶解过程前期施加超声3种超声处理方式对双低菜籽蛋白酶解制备ACEI活性肽效果的影响。结果表明,3种超声辅助方式都能有效地促进菜籽饼粕蛋白的酶解,提高产物的ACE抑制活性,其中超声预处理蛋白原料效果最为明显。这种方式的最佳参数为:超声频率20kHz、超声时间30min、超声功率1250W、作用时间4s、间歇时间2s,该条件下酶解产物对ACE的抑制率从对照组的70.83%提高到92.97%,肽得率从29.6%提高到41.4%,半抑制浓度IC50从3.57mg/mL降到2.48mg/mL。这表明脉冲超声辅助酶解法是一种高效制备双低菜籽ACEI肽的方法。

密度和施肥水平对双低油菜苏油1号产量及分枝习性的影响

密度和施肥水平两因子对苏油 1号产量及分枝习性影响的研究结果表明 :( 1)移栽 11.2 5万株 /hm2 、施纯氮 2 70kg/hm2 是适宜苏油 1号的种植密度和施肥处理 ,产量达到 34 5 2 .0kg/hm2 。 ( 2 )产量结构因子以单位面积有效角果数对产量的影响较大 ,其次为千粒重和每角粒数。 ( 3)随密度和施氮量增加 ,单位面积有效角果数呈先增后减的趋势。千粒重与施氮量关系密切 ,但过量施氮则降低千粒重。 ( 4)单位面积分枝数多、分枝角果数多和分枝籽粒多是苏油

超声微波辅助法提纯菜籽蛋白的研究

选用双低菜籽粕为原料,采用超声微波辅助提取的方法,通过对各种单因素的分析得到基本工艺条件,根据Box-Benhnken的中心组合试验设计原则,选取对提取菜籽蛋白影响较大的3个因素:微波功率、提取时间和料液比值进行实验和响应面分析,得到制备菜籽蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:pH11.5,微波功率73W,料液比1:28,提取时间484s,在此条件下提取3次,产品蛋白含量83.65%,蛋白得率38.76%。

双低菜籽油的保健作用与高含油量优质油菜育种及高效益思考

根据前人对双低(低芥酸、低硫苷)菜籽油保健功效的研究,菜籽油脂肪酸组成比较平衡,特别是饱和脂肪酸含量低,油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量适宜,维生素E和植物甾醇含量丰富,有利于人体健康,是食用植物油中的优质油品。鉴于我国居民膳食中α-亚麻酸摄入不足,以及我国食用植物油存储时间短、消费周转快,提出目前双低油菜育种中亚麻酸含量(9%左右)不宜降低,还应适当提高,以补充我国居民对亚麻酸摄入量的不足,这也是我国油菜品质改良应作出的科学选择之一。论述了油菜的高含油量品种和油菜生产的全程机械化,给农民和企业带来的良好经济效益以及在我国油菜高效化生产中的作用。

脉冲超声辅助提取双低菜籽蛋白的试验

以传统菜籽加工工艺制得的脱脂双低菜籽饼粕为原料,用脉冲超声辅助提取技术制备双低菜籽蛋白,由单因素试验和正交试验确定的最佳提取工艺参数为:pH=12,超声功率875 W,料液比1∶35(g/mL),提取时间85 min,料液温度48±3℃,脉冲超声工作时间3 s,间歇时间2 s.在此条件下,菜籽蛋白的提取率为83.97%.在pH=4.5的条件下进行菜籽蛋白的沉淀,测得提取产物的得率为52.18%,产物中蛋白的质量分数为68.18%.与传统碱法相比,在提取液的pH值、温度和料液比取值相当的情况下,脉冲超声辅助提取蛋白的提取率提高了38.04%,得率提高了94.56%,提取时间缩短了15%,提取物中蛋白质质量分数显著优于传统碱法.提取产物中硫甙质量分数为0.06%,远远低于国家相关标准(w(硫甙)<1.85%).

不同硼水平对双低油菜华双4号产量和品质的影响

以甘蓝型常规油菜品种中油821(双高品种)为对照,通过盆栽试验研究了不同硼水平对甘蓝型双低油菜华双4号子粒产量和品质的影响。结果看出,两个油菜品种在缺硼条件下,施硼量从B 0.3 mg/kg增加到B 2.5 mg/kg时,单株角果数、每角粒数和子粒产量显著增加,但增加到B 5.0 mg/kg时,每株角果数、每角粒数和子粒产量显著降低,硼过量影响产量建成。在硼缺乏和硼过量条件下,华双4号的减产程度均高于中油821,表明双低优质油菜华双4号对缺硼和硼过量的反应较常规双高油菜中油821敏感。硼缺乏或过量时,两个品种子粒含油量和油酸含量均表现降低的趋势,而蛋白质含量呈增加趋势。本试验的结果表明,合理施用硼肥对子粒产量的影响大于对品质的影响,而高产优质品种华双4号更应注重硼肥的合理施用;我国栽培油菜的土壤有效硼的适宜浓度可以提高至B 1.0 mg/kg.但硼肥的安全施用应当控制在土壤有效硼含量为B 2.5 mg/kg以下。

播期、密度对“双低油菜”菜苔营养成分及菜籽产量的影响

采用大田小区栽培试验,研究了皖油18、中油杂10号、中双8号3个"双低油菜"品种菜苔的营养成分、饲用价值以及播期、密度对菜籽产量的影响。结果表明,双低油菜苔干物质含量较高,粗纤维含量较低,粗脂肪、粗蛋白和无氮浸出物含量较高,其化学营养类型属N型,是优质青饲料。品种、密度及品种×播期对菜苔产量有极显著影响(P<0.01);品种、播期对菜籽产量有极显著影响(P<0.01),播期×密度对菜籽产量有显著影响(P<0.05)。分析比较发现,中油杂10号、8月28日播种、密度1.2×105株/hm2时饲用营养产量最高,"油饲两用"经济效益最好。