Process Analysis of Double Circuit Transmission Line Trip-out on the Same Tower Due to Lightning

In recent years,several failures of double circuit transmission line on the same tower due to lightning were happened in Beijing power grid.Although it can be reclosed successful,the lightning strike caused a grave threat to the power grid security.The cause of the accident and the accident process were studied for the sake of further understanding of the impact of lightning on power grid.As an example,110 kV double circuit transmission line(Xilong-line) was analyzed.At first,the system topology was given.Through the analysis on relay protection actions and the fault recorder data,over voltage on the insulator strings was calculated.Based on the analysis and the calculation,accident cause and the process were presented respectively.Secondly,it comes to the conclusion that the lightning failure was caused by counterattack.The wave of the lightning over voltage would spread to the not grounded neutral point of the transformers,and make the neutral protective gap breakdown,then cause freewheeling with the frequency of 50 Hz.As results of the relay protection,the double circuit transmission line all tripped out.Finally,the causes of the accident were proposed that included terrain features,large corner towers,strong thunderstorm weather and poor grounded contact of the tower.

Three-dimensional Model Analysis of Electric Field Excited by Multi-circuit Intersecting Overhead Transmission Lines

This work is carried out to predict the special distribution of electric field induced by multi-circuit intersecting overhead high-voltage (HV) transmission lines (TLs) within a large range without any expensive and time-consuming computation. The two main parts of the presented methodology are 1) setting up a three-dimensional (3D) model to calculate the electric field based on combining ca- tenary equations with charge simulation method and 2) calculating the hybrid electric field excited by multi-circuit intersecting TLs using coordinate transformation and superposition technique. Examples of different TLs configurations, including a 220 kV single-circuit hori- zontally configured TLs, a 500 kV single-circuit triangularly configured TLs and a combination of the 220 kV TLs and the 550 kV TLs, are illustrated to verify the validity of this methodology. A more complicatal configurations, including a 500 kV double-circuit TLs and two 220 kV single-circuit horizontally configured TLs, are also calculated. Conclusions were drawn from the simulation: 1) The presented 3D model outperforms 2D models in describing the electric field distribution generated by practical HV TLs with sag and span. 2) Coordinate trans- formation and superposition technique considerably simplify the electric field computation for multi-circuit TLs configurations, which makes it possible to deal with complex engineering problems. 3) The electric field in the area covered by multiple intersecting overhead TLs is distorted and the hybrid electric field strength in some partial region increases so sharply that it might exceed the admissible value. 4) The configuration parameters of the TLs and the spatial configuration of multi-circuit TLs, for instance, the height of TLs, the length of span and the intersection angle of multiple circuits, influence the strength and the distribution of hybrid electric field. The influence regularities sum- marized in this paper can be referred by future TL designs to meet the electromagnetic environmental protection regulations.

Research on Total Electric Field for DC Lines Converted from Double-Circuit AC Lines

With rapid growth of power demand, transmission capacity is also in urgent need of upgrading. In some cases, converting existing AC transmission lines to DC lines can Improve the transmission capacity and reduce the construction investment. In this paper, the upstream finite element method was expanded to calculate the total electric field of same tower multi-circuit DC lines converted from double-circuit AC lines, and the validity of the algorithm was confirmed by experiments. Taking a DC line converted from a typical same tower 500 kV double-circuit AC transmission line as an example, the surface electric field and the ground total electric field in different pole conductor arrangement schemes were calculated and analyzed, and the critical height of pole conductors for DC lines in residential and non-residential area were determined. Then, the corridor width of DC and AC lines at critical height in residential and non-residential areas before and after AC-DC line transformation were compared. The results indicate that for DC lines converted from common 500 kV double-circuit AC lines, the ground total electric field can meet the requirements of corresponding standard with appropriate pole conductor arrangement schemes.

A Novel Fault Location Algorithmfor Double-Circuit Transmission Lines based on Distributed Parameter

Anewfault location algorithmfor double-circuit transmissionlines is described inthis paper.Theproposed method uses data extractedfromtwo ends of the transmissionlines andthus eliminates the effects ofthe source impedance andthe fault resistance.The distributed parameter model and the modal transformationare also employed.Depending on modal transformation,the coupled equations of the lines are converted intodecoupled ones.Inthis way,the mutual coupling effects between adjacent circuits of the lines are eliminatedandtherefore an accurate fault location can be achieved.The proposed methodis tested via digital simulationusing EMTP in conjunction with MATLAB.The test results corroborate the high accuracy of the proposedmethod.

Fault Locator Using Two-end Unsynchronized Measurements for UHV Series Compensated Double-circuit Lines

An accurate fault location algorithm for double-circuit series compensated lines is presented.Use of two-end unsynchronized measurements of current and voltage signals is considered.The algorithm applies two subroutines,designated for locating faults on particular line sections,and additionally the procedure for selecting the valid subroutine.The subroutines are formulated with use of the generalized fault loop model and the distributed parameter line model is applied.Performed ATP-EMTP based evaluation has shown the validity of the derived fault location algorithm and its high accuracy.

A New Principle of Fault Identification of on the Same Tower Based on Traveling Wave Reactive Powers

In order to improve the reliability of fault identification of the double-circuit transmission lines on the same tower, a new algorithm for fast protection of double-circuit transmission lines on the same tower based on the reactive powers of traveling wave is proposed. With the implementation of S-transform, the initial traveling wave reactive powers are calculated and the change characteristics of reactive power under different fault conditions are studied. The protection criterion is constructed by analyzing the ratio of the reactive powers of the same end on double-circuit transmission lines and the ratio of the reactive powers at both ends on the same line. According to the ratio of reactive power on the same side of the line and both ends of the same line, it is possible to identify whether the faults of the double-circuit line of the same tower occurred in or out of the protection zone. A large number of simulation results show that the protection performance is sensitive and reliable, and quick to respond. The criterion is simple and is basically not affected by fault initial angles, fault types, and transitional resistances.

A G-band terahertz monolithic integrated amplifier in 0.5-μm InP double heterojunction bipolar transistor technology

Design and characterization of a G-band（140–220 GHz） terahertz monolithic integrated circuit（TMIC） amplifier in eight-stage common-emitter topology are performed based on the 0.5-μm In Ga As/In P double heterojunction bipolar transistor（DHBT）. An inverted microstrip line is implemented to avoid a parasitic mode between the ground plane and the In P substrate. The on-wafer measurement results show that peak gains are 20 dB at 140 GHz and more than 15-dB gain at 140–190 GHz respectively. The saturation output powers are-2.688 dBm at 210 GHz and-2.88 dBm at 220 GHz,respectively. It is the first report on an amplifier operating at the G-band based on 0.5-μm InP DHBT technology. Compared with the hybrid integrated circuit of vacuum electronic devices, the monolithic integrated circuit has the advantage of reliability and consistency. This TMIC demonstrates the feasibility of the 0.5-μm InGaAs/InP DHBT amplifier in G-band frequencies applications.

特勒根似功率保护在同塔双回交流输电线路中的应用

随着我国电网规模快速扩张,输电通道资源日渐紧缺,同塔多回输电技术逐渐得到广泛应用。超/特高压远距离输电线路一般以差动保护作为双重主保护,与纵联距离/方向保护构成双重化配置。但用于同塔双回输电线路时,分布电容电流将影响差动保护的灵敏度;同时,由于双回线线间和相间较强的电磁耦合作用,线间互感的影响将会降低纵联距离、纵联方向保护判断的正确性,导致原来的保护配置方案难以直接应用。将特勒根似功率保护原理推广至同塔双回线路,提出了一种基于特勒根似功率定理的同塔双回输电线路纵联保护方法,能够不受双回线内部复杂电磁耦合、分布电容、系统负荷等影响,并验证了该保护的对时方案在双回线路中的适用性。采用MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件搭建1000kV特高压同塔双回输电线示范工程模型,经大量仿真实验,验证了所提保护方法的有效性。

基于倾斜摄影的多回输电线路实景三维模型构建系统设计

为了使改进多回输电线路三维模型更加符合实际情况,该文将倾斜摄影技术引入多回输电线路实景三维模型构建系统中,提升数据获取的精准性。硬件方面,微处理器作为指令核心处理结构,负责读取并解析指令;设计多回输电线路数据采集模块和EP3SE110F1152C4数据存储器,并利用数据存储器对系统运行过程中的多项数据进行存储;软件方面,借助倾斜摄影技术,获取多回输电线路数据,并计算其对应的比例尺和航高,再对获取的数据进行优化,消除数据中的误差,并对其进行配准处理和特征匹配以及纹理映射和归一化处理,由此完成对多回输电线路实景三维模型的构建。经过实验验证,和以往的多回输电线路实景三维模型构建系统相比,设计的基于倾斜摄影的多回输电线路实景三维模型构建系统在实际应用中模型构建完整度为95.6%,构建效果更好。

多线并行轨道电路电容耦合干扰机理研究

高速铁路车站并行股道多,应用场景复杂,在三线并行情况下,中间股道易受两旁线路的电磁干扰影响。当2条线路均与中间股道同向时,中间股道所受电容耦合干扰为2条线路干扰之和,且邻线耦合电容越大,干扰亦越强。为减少多线并行邻线间的电容耦合干扰,可采取改变线路相对布局、采用屏蔽等设计措施,确保高速铁路车站轨道电路工作的稳定性和可靠性。

基于分数阶传输线模型的轨道电路暂态分析

为了准确分析暂态信号对ZPW-2000A型轨道电路的影响,考虑传输线中由集肤效应引起的频变损耗问题,建立轨道电路分数阶多导体传输线(Multi-conductor Transmission Line,MTL)模型,针对ZPW-2000A轨道电路高频损耗下暂态响应分析,提出在时域内对轨道电路接收端电压的求解方法.基于传输线理论建立轨道电路传输线系统模型,根据得到的模型建立分数阶传输线方程并对其进行求解.首先,在空间域上利用紧凑有限差分法(Compact Finite Difference Method,CFD)将轨道电路分数阶传输线模型的偏微分方程组离散为常微分方程组;其次,利用G-L分数阶定义将以上方程组转化为整数阶常微分方程组;最后,利用精细积分与递归卷积相结合的方法,得到传输线上每点的电压与电流响应.在双指数信号激励下,通过与状态变量法对比验证了该方法的准确性,两种求解方法的误差在7%以内,且本文方法耗时较短.分析了不同暂态信号输入下轨面过电压变化规律,发现信号频率越大,轨面过电压幅值越小;道床电阻越大,轨面过电压幅值越大且信号从衰减到稳定的时间越长.本文方法可以准确、高效地分析高频损耗下ZPW-2000A型轨道电路暂态响应.

转子温度空间分布差异诱发永磁电机局部失磁特性研究

永磁材料磁特性受工作温度影响较大,高工作温度下存在的不可逆失磁现象是永磁电机高可靠性设计的主要瓶颈。针对内置式磁路结构的高功率密度永磁电机用钕铁硼永磁材料的不可逆失磁问题,基于电机全域空间损耗、温度分布的差异,该文提出一种永磁体局部失磁分析模型与特性计算方法。通过磁体虚拟分块法建立基于温度、退磁率等变量的永磁材料磁特性分析模型,利用电磁场和温度场双向耦合的三维多物理场计算方法,得到电机转子永磁体损耗、温度和局部失磁的空间分布特性。最后,通过对一台115 kW、8极永磁电机样机转子永磁体温度和转子表面磁场的实验测试,验证了分析模型与计算方法的准确性,为永磁电机局部失磁问题研究及精细化防失磁设计提供依据。

基于Monte Carlo和EGM的同塔双回线路绕击跳闸率的计算

为准确评价输电线路的耐雷性能,采用蒙特卡罗法对雷电绕击线路的随机过程进行统计计算。针对同塔双回线路的实际杆塔结构,改进了电气几何模型(EGM)作为绕击判据,考虑输电线之间的相互屏蔽作用以及雷电先导入射角,通过先导位置落入绕击区间进行绕击的判定。选取220 kV同塔双回线路的实际杆塔进行绕击跳闸率的计算,与已有算法的计算结果进行对比分析,验证了改进算法的合理性,并分析了先导入射角,避雷线横担长度,地面倾角对绕击跳闸率的影响。

基于多导体传输线的高速铁路站内机车信号邻线干扰研究

ZPW-2000系列轨道电路广泛应用于高速铁路区间及站内,其中站内邻线干扰问题较为复杂。为防止高速铁路站内机车信号邻线干扰导致CTCS-2和CTCS-3级列控系统车载设备误动作的情况,对站内邻线干扰的分析是非常必要的。基于多导体传输线微分方程,推导多导体传输线的阻抗差分方程和导纳差分方程。在多导体传输线差分方程的基础上,进一步建立包括轨道区段、发送设备和接收设备等的轨道电路邻线干扰模型,并对比现场数据和仿真数据,验证模型的正确性。最后,通过对机车信号邻线干扰模型的计算仿真,研究区段并行长度、线路间距、线路角度、道砟电阻和功放电压等因素对于机车信号邻线干扰数值的影响规律,主要结论为:对于同向载频干扰,机车信号干扰电流最大值随着线路间距和线路角度增大而逐渐减小,设计时线路间距不宜小于5 m,合理设置道岔区段可降低干扰;随着功放电压和道砟电阻增大而逐渐增大,设计时应采用低功放电压设计和当地可能达到的最大道砟电阻。

计及控制响应的多端混合直流输电系统短路电流近似计算方法

多端混合直流输电系统故障发展迅速、短路电流水平超标问题严重,换流站高度非线性特征使现有短路电流求解忽略了控制系统的响应过程且多依赖建模仿真结果,无法得到短路电流的具体解析式,实现故障特性的定量分析计算。为此,该文提出三种兼顾准确性与计算复杂程度的系统模型简化措施,并在此基础上提出计及控制系统作用的短路电流复频域近似求解方法,利用Pade逼近以及分段线性化法对模型进行降阶处理,通过拉普拉斯逆变换求得短路电流的时域解析式。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC对不同故障距离、过渡电阻以及故障类型进行了仿真分析。结果表明,该方法能在故障的暂态阶段(10 ms内)对短路电流有较为准确的刻画,能为直流保护定值整定、断路器额定容量选取、直流输电控制策略切换以及系统规划设计等提供重要依据。

110kV双回路新型复合横担输电塔受力性能研究

为研究110kV带二分拉杆的FRP复合横担双回路输电塔受力性能,采用有限元软件ANSYS建立复合横担塔分析模型,了解不同工况下输电塔的受力状态,对整塔位移和杆件轴力进行分析,得到各种荷载组合情况下的塔体受力情况,并与角钢塔对比。结果表明:复合横担塔以90°大风工况为控制工况;各工况作用下,钢构件的最大应力约为300MPa,位于塔腿主材处,复合材的最大应力约141MPa,位于复合材料拉杆处,塔体应力在安全裕度内,满足强度要求。

330 kV双回路下引式窄基钢管终端塔的研究应用

在一些新建输变电工程中,由于地形和周围障碍物的限制,变电站无法设置出线门型构架或采用电缆出线,需采用其他出线方式。根据工程实践,研究出一种330 kV双回路下引式窄基钢管终端塔的出线方式,线路通过330 kV支柱绝缘子沿终端塔塔身下引至变电GIS出线套管,解决了户内变电站需特殊设置出线门型构架的问题,使工程整体可行,技术经济效果良好,可供其他类似工程借鉴。

取水泵房10 kV架空线路供电可靠性提升研究与实践

随着云南华电镇雄发电有限公司双机利用小时的提升,公司3台取水泵启停频次大幅增加,在启动取水泵瞬间跌落式熔断器故障频发的问题日益凸显,根据公司跌落式熔断器故障频发的问题作为切入点进行分析研究,制定解决措施并实施,实施后彻底解决了跌落式熔断器频繁故障的问题,大量减少了维护成本,缩短了维护工期,降低了检修安全风险,大幅提升了取水泵房10 kV线路的供电可靠性。

同塔多回高压输电铁塔结构设计及应用

我国电力系统发展中,局部地区面临高压直交流输电线路走廊交叉问题,可采取同塔多回高压输电架线模式,解决匮乏的线路走廊资源情况,需要优化设计输电铁塔结构,保证铁塔可靠性。文章以山东菏泽巨野彭越(段庄)220kV变电站110kV送出工程为例,简要分析同塔多回高压输电铁塔建设要求及结构设计,并以此为基础,提出实际应用措施,从而为相关工作者提供参考。

500 kV直流输电线路下方施工设备及人体感应电研究

针对500 kV同塔双回直流输电线路下方感应电相较于交流线路难以准确分析的问题,研究了同塔双回直流输电线路下方基础施工设备感应电分布规律及施工人员感应电防护措施。采用Solid Works和Ansoft Maxwell混合建模技术,分析了灌注桩基础设备感应电特性、工程施工装备对电场畸变的影响特性和线路下方施工人员位于不同位置时人体周围及体表的电场强度分布,结果表明:灌注桩钢筋笼和基础施工设备的存在会使线路下方的电场发生畸变,且越靠近杆塔畸变率越高,最大电场畸变率分别为75.54%和107.67%;人体体表及周围电场强度与杆塔距离相关,最大可达3830.01 mV/m。