Process Analysis of Double Circuit Transmission Line Trip-out on the Same Tower Due to Lightning

In recent years,several failures of double circuit transmission line on the same tower due to lightning were happened in Beijing power grid.Although it can be reclosed successful,the lightning strike caused a grave threat to the power grid security.The cause of the accident and the accident process were studied for the sake of further understanding of the impact of lightning on power grid.As an example,110 kV double circuit transmission line(Xilong-line) was analyzed.At first,the system topology was given.Through the analysis on relay protection actions and the fault recorder data,over voltage on the insulator strings was calculated.Based on the analysis and the calculation,accident cause and the process were presented respectively.Secondly,it comes to the conclusion that the lightning failure was caused by counterattack.The wave of the lightning over voltage would spread to the not grounded neutral point of the transformers,and make the neutral protective gap breakdown,then cause freewheeling with the frequency of 50 Hz.As results of the relay protection,the double circuit transmission line all tripped out.Finally,the causes of the accident were proposed that included terrain features,large corner towers,strong thunderstorm weather and poor grounded contact of the tower.

A Novel Fault Location Algorithmfor Double-Circuit Transmission Lines based on Distributed Parameter

Anewfault location algorithmfor double-circuit transmissionlines is described inthis paper.Theproposed method uses data extractedfromtwo ends of the transmissionlines andthus eliminates the effects ofthe source impedance andthe fault resistance.The distributed parameter model and the modal transformationare also employed.Depending on modal transformation,the coupled equations of the lines are converted intodecoupled ones.Inthis way,the mutual coupling effects between adjacent circuits of the lines are eliminatedandtherefore an accurate fault location can be achieved.The proposed methodis tested via digital simulationusing EMTP in conjunction with MATLAB.The test results corroborate the high accuracy of the proposedmethod.

Research on Total Electric Field for DC Lines Converted from Double-Circuit AC Lines

With rapid growth of power demand, transmission capacity is also in urgent need of upgrading. In some cases, converting existing AC transmission lines to DC lines can Improve the transmission capacity and reduce the construction investment. In this paper, the upstream finite element method was expanded to calculate the total electric field of same tower multi-circuit DC lines converted from double-circuit AC lines, and the validity of the algorithm was confirmed by experiments. Taking a DC line converted from a typical same tower 500 kV double-circuit AC transmission line as an example, the surface electric field and the ground total electric field in different pole conductor arrangement schemes were calculated and analyzed, and the critical height of pole conductors for DC lines in residential and non-residential area were determined. Then, the corridor width of DC and AC lines at critical height in residential and non-residential areas before and after AC-DC line transformation were compared. The results indicate that for DC lines converted from common 500 kV double-circuit AC lines, the ground total electric field can meet the requirements of corresponding standard with appropriate pole conductor arrangement schemes.

Fault Locator Using Two-end Unsynchronized Measurements for UHV Series Compensated Double-circuit Lines

An accurate fault location algorithm for double-circuit series compensated lines is presented.Use of two-end unsynchronized measurements of current and voltage signals is considered.The algorithm applies two subroutines,designated for locating faults on particular line sections,and additionally the procedure for selecting the valid subroutine.The subroutines are formulated with use of the generalized fault loop model and the distributed parameter line model is applied.Performed ATP-EMTP based evaluation has shown the validity of the derived fault location algorithm and its high accuracy.

A New Principle of Fault Identification of on the Same Tower Based on Traveling Wave Reactive Powers

In order to improve the reliability of fault identification of the double-circuit transmission lines on the same tower, a new algorithm for fast protection of double-circuit transmission lines on the same tower based on the reactive powers of traveling wave is proposed. With the implementation of S-transform, the initial traveling wave reactive powers are calculated and the change characteristics of reactive power under different fault conditions are studied. The protection criterion is constructed by analyzing the ratio of the reactive powers of the same end on double-circuit transmission lines and the ratio of the reactive powers at both ends on the same line. According to the ratio of reactive power on the same side of the line and both ends of the same line, it is possible to identify whether the faults of the double-circuit line of the same tower occurred in or out of the protection zone. A large number of simulation results show that the protection performance is sensitive and reliable, and quick to respond. The criterion is simple and is basically not affected by fault initial angles, fault types, and transitional resistances.

A G-band terahertz monolithic integrated amplifier in 0.5-μm InP double heterojunction bipolar transistor technology

Design and characterization of a G-band（140–220 GHz） terahertz monolithic integrated circuit（TMIC） amplifier in eight-stage common-emitter topology are performed based on the 0.5-μm In Ga As/In P double heterojunction bipolar transistor（DHBT）. An inverted microstrip line is implemented to avoid a parasitic mode between the ground plane and the In P substrate. The on-wafer measurement results show that peak gains are 20 dB at 140 GHz and more than 15-dB gain at 140–190 GHz respectively. The saturation output powers are-2.688 dBm at 210 GHz and-2.88 dBm at 220 GHz,respectively. It is the first report on an amplifier operating at the G-band based on 0.5-μm InP DHBT technology. Compared with the hybrid integrated circuit of vacuum electronic devices, the monolithic integrated circuit has the advantage of reliability and consistency. This TMIC demonstrates the feasibility of the 0.5-μm InGaAs/InP DHBT amplifier in G-band frequencies applications.

特勒根似功率保护在同塔双回交流输电线路中的应用

随着我国电网规模快速扩张,输电通道资源日渐紧缺,同塔多回输电技术逐渐得到广泛应用。超/特高压远距离输电线路一般以差动保护作为双重主保护,与纵联距离/方向保护构成双重化配置。但用于同塔双回输电线路时,分布电容电流将影响差动保护的灵敏度;同时,由于双回线线间和相间较强的电磁耦合作用,线间互感的影响将会降低纵联距离、纵联方向保护判断的正确性,导致原来的保护配置方案难以直接应用。将特勒根似功率保护原理推广至同塔双回线路,提出了一种基于特勒根似功率定理的同塔双回输电线路纵联保护方法,能够不受双回线内部复杂电磁耦合、分布电容、系统负荷等影响,并验证了该保护的对时方案在双回线路中的适用性。采用MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件搭建1000kV特高压同塔双回输电线示范工程模型,经大量仿真实验,验证了所提保护方法的有效性。

基于Kohonen网络的同杆双回线故障模式识别方法

对模式识别能力较强的Kohonen自组织神经网络及其在同杆双回线的故障模式识别方面的应用作了一些初步的讨论和研究 ,发现该网络能准确可靠识别发生在除母线附近外的双回线路上的所有故障模式 ,分析了线路两端故障模式误判的原因并提出了改进措施 ,指出了Kohonen网络应用于同杆双回线故障模式识别时的优点和局限性。

基于Monte Carlo和EGM的同塔双回线路绕击跳闸率的计算

为准确评价输电线路的耐雷性能,采用蒙特卡罗法对雷电绕击线路的随机过程进行统计计算。针对同塔双回线路的实际杆塔结构,改进了电气几何模型(EGM)作为绕击判据,考虑输电线之间的相互屏蔽作用以及雷电先导入射角,通过先导位置落入绕击区间进行绕击的判定。选取220 kV同塔双回线路的实际杆塔进行绕击跳闸率的计算,与已有算法的计算结果进行对比分析,验证了改进算法的合理性,并分析了先导入射角,避雷线横担长度,地面倾角对绕击跳闸率的影响。

110kV双回路新型复合横担输电塔受力性能研究

为研究110kV带二分拉杆的FRP复合横担双回路输电塔受力性能,采用有限元软件ANSYS建立复合横担塔分析模型,了解不同工况下输电塔的受力状态,对整塔位移和杆件轴力进行分析,得到各种荷载组合情况下的塔体受力情况,并与角钢塔对比。结果表明:复合横担塔以90°大风工况为控制工况;各工况作用下,钢构件的最大应力约为300MPa,位于塔腿主材处,复合材的最大应力约141MPa,位于复合材料拉杆处,塔体应力在安全裕度内,满足强度要求。

330 kV双回路下引式窄基钢管终端塔的研究应用

在一些新建输变电工程中,由于地形和周围障碍物的限制,变电站无法设置出线门型构架或采用电缆出线,需采用其他出线方式。根据工程实践,研究出一种330 kV双回路下引式窄基钢管终端塔的出线方式,线路通过330 kV支柱绝缘子沿终端塔塔身下引至变电GIS出线套管,解决了户内变电站需特殊设置出线门型构架的问题,使工程整体可行,技术经济效果良好,可供其他类似工程借鉴。

取水泵房10 kV架空线路供电可靠性提升研究与实践

随着云南华电镇雄发电有限公司双机利用小时的提升,公司3台取水泵启停频次大幅增加,在启动取水泵瞬间跌落式熔断器故障频发的问题日益凸显,根据公司跌落式熔断器故障频发的问题作为切入点进行分析研究,制定解决措施并实施,实施后彻底解决了跌落式熔断器频繁故障的问题,大量减少了维护成本,缩短了维护工期,降低了检修安全风险,大幅提升了取水泵房10 kV线路的供电可靠性。

一起220 kV同塔双回线跨线事故保护动作的分析

介绍了一起同塔双回线C相受雷电反击导致接地故障,后续雷电过电压致使其中一条线已经分开的开关C相断口击穿的事故。通过对保护装置动作报告、故障时序及故障录波器波形记录的分析,准确判断出开关内部击穿的事实,避免了重大二次事故的发生。提出故障发生后要多源信息融合判断,深入了解故障发生的各项因素,结合故障波形分析,以便更加快速地对故障产生的原因及可能导致的后果做出合理正确的判断。

500 kV直流输电线路下方施工设备及人体感应电研究

针对500 kV同塔双回直流输电线路下方感应电相较于交流线路难以准确分析的问题,研究了同塔双回直流输电线路下方基础施工设备感应电分布规律及施工人员感应电防护措施。采用Solid Works和Ansoft Maxwell混合建模技术,分析了灌注桩基础设备感应电特性、工程施工装备对电场畸变的影响特性和线路下方施工人员位于不同位置时人体周围及体表的电场强度分布,结果表明:灌注桩钢筋笼和基础施工设备的存在会使线路下方的电场发生畸变,且越靠近杆塔畸变率越高,最大电场畸变率分别为75.54%和107.67%;人体体表及周围电场强度与杆塔距离相关,最大可达3830.01 mV/m。

输电线路杆塔接地电阻测量装置设计

输电线路杆塔接地电阻测量对于电力运维人员是一项繁重的工作。为了实现在不解开接地引下线情况下即可测量杆塔的接地电阻,文章设计了一种新型输电线路杆塔接地电阻测量装置,该装置采用双钳法对接地电阻进行测量。首先,分析了新型输电线路接地电阻测量装置的原理;其次,采用模块化设计思路对接地电阻测量装置进行硬件设计;接着,对接地电阻测量装置进行软件设计,给出系统工作流程;最后,对所开发测量装置进行测试,所开发测量装置的测量值与精密电阻实际值误差在3%以内。

某光伏电站35 kV同塔四回送出线路零序电流过大原因分析及改善措施

广西某光伏电站采用35 kV同塔四回架空线路送出,电站扩容并网后,多次发生零序过流跳闸事故,严重影响电站电能送出。笔者采用理论分析和数值仿真相结合的方法,分析零序过流跳闸的原因,并提出相序优化布置方案,采用数值仿真工具验证所提方案的有效性;分析同塔四回线路在n-1故障状态下存在的问题,提出避开零序过流保护误动的建议。结果表明:跳闸故障是由于同塔四回线路相序布置不当引起的;优化方案的实施可有效解决送出线路中零序过流问题,现场测量结果与仿真计算结果基本一致,验证所提优化方案的正确性和有效性。研究成果可为同塔多回线路零序过流问题的分析和处理提供借鉴。

基于PMU的高压双回输电线路故障定位研究

由于双回输电线路存在相互耦合的特性,传统高压双回输电线路故障定位技术在存在故障电阻的故障定位方面存在一定困难。因此,考虑引入相量测量单元(phasor measurement unit,PMU)在线路两端同步测量电流和电压,进而提出了一种基于PMU的高压双回输电线路故障定位新方法。首先,该方法利用PMU采集线路两端的电压和电流数据;其次,采用模态变换技术对耦合传输线方程进行解耦;最后,推导出基于被测电流和电压模态分量的故障检测和定位指标。所提方法在ATP中进行仿真测试,结果表明,该方法能有效定位存在故障电阻的接地故障和相位故障。

风电场双回送出线路时域故障测距新方法

由于故障时新能源电源输出的短路电流呈现出频率偏移、谐波含量占比高、幅值受限、正负序阻抗不相等等特征,从而导致基于工频相量的故障定位方法存在失效的风险。为此,提出适用于风电场双回送出线路故障测距方法。采用时域有限差分法离散以偏微分方程形式表示的传输线方程,再利用改进变分迭代法求解传输线方程,得到线长的函数,并将线路两端的相电压、相电流作为边界条件;最后,构造故障测距函数以实现故障定位。通过PSCAD/EMTDC和硬件在环测试实验平台进行分析,验证了所提算法能准确地定位故障位置。

基于相量–时间三维曲线特性的同塔双回输电线路参数自适应故障测距频域法

考虑到故障后可用数据窗缩短使故障暂态分量影响难以完全消除,以及线路参数在实际运行中的不确定变化,提出一种基于相量–时间三维曲线特性的同塔双回输电线路参数自适应故障测距频域法。利用随数据窗推移的离散傅里叶变换(discrete Fourier transform,DFT)输出的相量–时间特征,保留衰减直流产生的衰减偏置相量,构建补偿电压差值的相量–时间三维曲线观测模型,曲线特征在线路参数准确与偏离、观测点落于与偏离故障点时均存在显著差异。基于这种特征差异,采用非线性最小二乘法对补偿电压差时间序列样本进行曲线拟合,并利用拟合优度指标评估样本分布与准确参数估计和故障距离的三维曲线的相符程度,将线路参数估计与故障测距问题转化为拟合优度的优化问题。仿真验证表明,所提故障测距算法具有较高的测距精度。

同塔双回输电线路相参数新测量计算方法

输电线路相参数是线路过电压计算的基本参数,获取同塔双回交流线路的相参数对于指导工程运行是必要的。为准确获得同塔双回交流输电线路的相参数,建立微分形式的输电线路方程,对微分方程用拉普拉斯变换与反变换进行推导,获得输电线路相参数与各相导线首、末端电压和电流关系的测量用数学模型。在不同方式下,多次同步测量各相导线首、末端电压和电流,将所测数据代入模型求解参数。经仿真验证,对100~500km的线路最大偏差为1.47%,可适用于任意长度同塔双回线路,是一种新的相参数测量获取方法,满足电力系统过电压计算对参数准确性的需要。