Simulation on model predictive control for PMSM drive system based on double extended state observer

A novel double extended state observer(DESO)based on model predictive torque control(MPTC)strategy is developed for three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)drive system without current sensor.In general,to achieve high-precision control,two-phase current sensors are necessary for successful implementation of MPTC.For this purpose,two ESOs are used to estimate q-axis current and stator resistance respectively,and then based on this,d-axis current is estimated.Moreover,to reduce torque and flux ripple and to improve the performance of the torque and speed,MPTC strategy is designed.The simulation results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Similarities of Model Predictive Control and Constrained Direct Inverse

To reach an acceptable controller strategy and tuning it is important to state what is considered “good”. To do so one can set up a closed-loop specification or formulate an optimal control problem. It is an interesting question, if the two can be equivalent or not. In this article two controller strategies, model predictive control (MPC) and constrained direct inversion (CDI) are compared in controlling the model of a pilot-scale water heater. Simulation experiments show that the two methods are similar, if the manipulator movements are not punished much in MPC, and they act practically the same when a filtered reference signal is applied. Even if the same model is used, it is still important to choose tuning parameters appropriately to achieve similar results in both strategies. CDI uses an analytic approach, while MPC uses numeric optimization, thus CDI is more computationally efficient, and can be used either as a standalone controller or to supplement numeric optimization.

CONTINUOUS-TIME GENERALIZED PREDICTIVECONTROL WITH POLE-PLACEMENT

Denurcioslu et al. presented a method named continuous-time general-ized predictive control(CGPC) in 1991, which is obtained on the basis of the mini-mization of a quadratic cost function. However, In engineering practice, the behav-ior of a control system is generally evaluated by observing its dynamic response con-cerned mainly with the clused-loup poles uf the system. A CGPC algorithm withclosed-loop pole-placement is propused in this paper which advances the results byDemircioglu et al.

Research on nonlinear model predictive control for turboshaft engines based on double engines torques matching

In order to reach a compromise between fast response control and torques matching control in double turboshaft engines,research on nonlinear model predictive control for turboshaft engines based on double engines torques matching is conducted.Meanwhile,a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control(NMPC)method is proposed,which combines the control index of the power turbine speed with torques matching of double engines creatively.In addition to the control index,the difference of output torques between each engine is also incorporated in the objective function as a penalty term to ensure constant speed control and short torques matching time.Simulation results demonstrate that relative to unilateral torques matching,the settling time of the bidirectional matching method can be reduced by nearly 30.8%.Nevertheless,compared with the bidirectional torques matching method under the cascade PID controller,the NMPC method can decrease the overshoot of the power turbine speed by 65%and reduce the matching time by 15.5%synchronously.Besides fast response control of turboshaft engines,fast torques matching control of double engines is accomplished as well.

A closed-loop particle swarm optimizer for multivariable process controller design

Design of general multivariable process controllers is an attractive and practical alternative to optimizing design by evolutionary algorithms (EAs) since it can be formulated as an optimization problem. A closed-loop particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) algorithm is proposed by mapping PSO elements into the closed-loop system based on control theories. At each time step, a proportional integral (PI) controller is used to calculate an updated inertia weight for each particle in swarms from its last fitness. With this modification, limitations caused by a uniform inertia weight for the whole population are avoided, and the particles have enough diversity. After the effectiveness, efficiency and robustness are tested by benchmark functions, CLPSO is applied to design a multivariable proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for a solvent dehydration tower in a chemical plant and has improved its performances.

DAB储能变换器双闭环模型预测控制与PI补偿控制策略研究

针对直流微电网中分布式电源输入输出功率不稳定造成的直流母线电压波动问题,鉴于双有源桥(DAB)储能变换器具有能量双向流动的特点,提出一种基于内模原理的双闭环模型预测控制策略。在分析DAB变换器扩展移相调制原理与特性基础上,重点研究电压外环和电流内环的模型预测控制策略。针对模型预测控制性能依赖电路参数准确度问题,分别从电路主要参数失配对功率传输和直流母线稳压的影响两个角度出发,深入分析模型参数敏感度。最终设置直流母线电压稳态误差灵敏度区,在误差灵敏度区外仅采用双闭环模型预测控制以保证系统的动态响应性能,在误差灵敏度区内采用双闭环模型预测控制和PI补偿控制以消除系统稳态误差。搭建实验平台进行实验验证,结果表明:在系统受到扰动时,DAB储能变换器可实现快速地充放电对系统进行补偿,混合控制策略可快速保持母线电压的稳定,实现系统功率均衡,增强系统抗扰能力。

计及风力发电机转速安全约束的DFIG一次调频模型预测控制策略

针对传统方法控制双馈感应发电机(DFIG)的调频效果过于依赖参数整定的问题,该文提出了一种基于模型预测控制(MPC),计及转速安全约束的风力发电机参与一次调频控制策略。该方法结合风力发电机动力学模型与频率响应模型建立预测模型,通过线性回归方法变参考值将风力发电机转速的稳定性纳入考虑。相较于虚拟惯性控制等方法将系统频率偏差与转子动能直接关联,该文方法通过建立全新的预测模型,实时统筹考虑整个系统的状态信息,无需反复调整参数,在考虑转速安全性的同时兼顾全局性能。最后,通过实际算例分析验证了该文调频策略的有效性以及相对现有方法的优越性。

基于直接转矩控制的双矢量直接电压模型预测控制策略

模型预测控制(Model predictive control,MPC)是目前电力电子领域研究较为广泛的一种控制策略,不需要调制环节,具有动态响应快、容易实现多目标灵活控制、简单且容易实施等特点。但是这种控制方法由于存在循环寻优的计算过程,算法计算量较大且对控制器的要求较高,不利于实际应用。参考直接转矩控制思想,提出一种双矢量直接电压模型预测控制(Double vector based-direct voltage predictive control,2VB-DVPC)策略,这种控制方式利用查表法省去繁琐的循环寻优计算过程,减少了控制算法的计算量。在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台上搭建传统MPC与2VB-DVPC的仿真模型进行仿真对比,仿真结果验证了所提2VB-DVPC控制策略在保证动稳态性能的情况下,能够有效减少算法的计算量,并且能够固定平均开关频率,降低了谐波滤除的难度。

基于扩张状态观测器的双母管系统预测控制

双母管式机组较为广泛地应用于热电联产机组中,但由于多炉多机和2根大容量母管互相影响,导致热电负荷跟踪不及时,母管压力控制自动化水平较低。为此,针对双母管系统的非线性、强耦合、大迟延特性,设计了基于广义扩张状态观测器的多模型预测控制(generalized extended state observer based muti-model predictive control,GESOMMPC)方法。首先,建立了基于间隙度量(gap-metric)的多模型控制对象用于逼近非线性系统;其次,设计了扩张状态观测器估计系统耦合的集总扰动,并作为前馈信号输入到预测控制器中;最后,设计基于扰动前馈的多模型预测控制器实现对双母管系统的控制。实验结果表明,相对于PID方法,所提方法在满足电热负荷的同时,可以在允许范围内保持母管压力稳定,且动态偏差更小,过渡过程时间更短。

孤网模式下水轮机调速系统广义预测控制应用方法

针对孤网模式下水电机组PID控制策略鲁棒性差的缺点,提出基于双模型、实时反馈线性化、非线性特性补偿器和广义预测控制器的自适应广义预测控制策略(Adaptive Generalized Predictive Control,AGPC),以实现对水电站全工况实时最优控制。首先基于BP神经网络和改进樽海鞘算法构建高精度非线性水轮机模型,并结合PID控制器、引水系统、随动系统、发电机等模块搭建非线性水轮机调节系统仿真平台,然后通过定量计算揭示广义预测控制器直接应用于非线性水轮机调节系统的不合理性。进一步,结合实时反馈线性化和基于预估控制信号设计的水轮机非线性特性补偿器,提出孤网模式下广义预测控制器在水电站应用策略。最后,搭建了基于AGPC的非线性水轮机调节系统仿真平台,并以某电站真实数据验证了所提控制策略适用性、可靠性以及优良的鲁棒性。

基于龙伯格观测器的PMSM双矢量模型预测控制

当永磁同步电机采用有限集模型预测控制时,虽动态性能优异,但存在稳态性能差、计算量大的问题。针对上述问题本文提出了一种基于龙伯格观测器的模型预测控制策略。首先,通过分析传统模型预测控制中占空比控制策略的次优电压矢量所在扇区的分布规律,构造新的电压矢量选择表降低了次优电压矢量的计算次数。此外,针对传统机械传感器的一系列弊端,设计了一种龙伯格观测器计算电机的反电动势,再由锁相环估计永磁同步电机转速和转子位置信息。最后,通过搭建实验平台,与传统有限集模型预测控制进行实验对比分析,实验结果表明本文所提控制策略具有更好的稳态性能和控制精度。

新能源农机用双永磁游标电机的模型预测电流控制

模块化双永磁游标电机兼具高转矩密度和低铁耗,适用于低速大转矩的直驱应用领域。针对新能源农机用模块化双永磁游标电机控制系统存在的转矩脉动大、电流谐波多和转速波动大等问题,提出一种基于改进式模型预测电流控制策略。相比于传统模型预测电流控制,提出的控制策略采用双矢量模型预测电流控制,在每个控制周期内可同时选择2个任意电压矢量组合作用,扩大了电压矢量的选择和幅值调节范围,可进行更准确的电流控制。同时,考虑系统延迟,在预测控制中加入电流延迟补偿环节。仿真结果表明,所提的控制策略可有效减小转矩脉动、电流谐波和转速波动,提升系统的控制性能。

A Model Predictive Control Method for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

The traditional PI controller for a hybrid energy storage system(HESS)has certain drawbacks,such as difficult tuning of the controller parameters and the additional filters to allocate high-and low-frequency power fluctuations.This paper proposes a model predictive control(MPC)method to control three-level bidirectional DC/DC converters for grid-connections to a HESS in a DC microgrid.First,the mathematical model of a HESS consisting of a battery and ultra capacitor(UC)is established and the neutral point voltage imbalance of a three-level converter is solved by analyzing the operating modes of the converter.Secondly,for the control of the grid-connected converters,an MPC method is proposed for calculating steady-state reference values in the outer layer and the dynamic rolling optimization in the inner layer.The outer layer ensures the voltage regulation and establishes the current predictive model,while the inner layer,using the model predictive current control,makes the current follow the predictive value,thus reducing the system current ripple.This cascaded topology has two independent controllers and is free of filters to realize the high-and low-frequency power allocation for a HESS.Therefore,it allows two types of energy storage devices to independently regulate the voltage and realizes the power allocation of the battery and UC.Finally,simulation studies are conducted in PSCAD/EMTDC,and the effectiveness of the proposed HESS control strategy is verified in a case,such as a controller comparison and fault scenario.

构网型全功率风电机组网侧变流器耦合分析及抑制策略

随着风力发电的高比例接入电网,全功率风电机组的稳定运行能力面临着挑战。传统的网侧变流器采用锁相环(PLL)同步策略,构网型全功率风电机组的网侧变流器则基于功率同步策略,利用直流电压的动态特性实现直流电压同步的构网型控制。由于构网型控制存在功率耦合问题,无功通过耦合通道影响有功功率,进一步引起网侧直流电压的动态波动。该文针对网侧变流器构网型控制所存在的耦合问题,建立了直流电压-无功功率耦合模型,利用相对增益理论方法详细分析了系统参数对耦合效应的影响,并采用一种基于无功前馈的直流电压补偿方法,在实验中利用该方法可将由无功变化引起的直流电压动态超调降低81.8%。通过实验验证了理论分析的正确性及所提方法的有效性。

超高速电机模型预测控制的静差消除双闭环控制策略研究

三矢量模型预测控制不仅可实现交直轴电流的无差拍控制,还具有良好的稳态性能。但应用于高基频低载波比的超高速电机控制系统时,仍存在电流跟踪静差、计算量大等缺陷。文中首先对传统三矢量模型预测控制进行等效控制集优化,在不影响控制性能的情况下,能够大大降低算法复杂度。同时,为提高预测电流误差消除的快速性,提出一种电流预测静差消除双闭环控制策略。设计自适应加权数据选择器,交直轴电流预测误差经自适应加权数据选择器后,通过调节器对逆变器模型角度进行补偿,从而形成内环;外环则由交直流预测电流跟踪误差反馈至电流给定值构成。在该双闭环控制系统中,内环实现了纯延时误差的全补偿,并优化非纯延时误差在交直轴上的分布;外环则能完全消除分布优化后的内环预测误差。仿真分析和实验结果证明了所提控制策略的可行性和有效性。

基于VMD和MPC的电动汽车-火电机组联合调频控制

合理的调频指令分配策略以及有效的指令跟踪控制方法是利用集群电动汽车(aggregate electric vehicle,AEV)联合火电机组开展调频控制、改善调频质量、提高调频经济性的关键。基于此,文中提出基于变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)和双层模型预测控制(model predictive control,MPC)的AEV参与系统调频控制策略。首先,设计AEV联合传统火电机组的频率协调优化控制结构,建立火电机组及负荷频率控制模型,同时将AEV转化为虚拟调频单元,构建在AEV参与下系统单区域多机组负荷频率控制模型;然后,利用VMD将电网调频指令信号分解为含不同频率成分的本征模态函数,整合高频分量作为AEV的调频指令,低频分量作为火电机组群的调频指令,并通过双层MPC分别在AEV和火电机组群内部实现调频指令的优化再分配及跟踪控制;最后,对所提控制策略进行仿真验证。结果表明所提控制策略可实现对系统频率的有效调节,且兼顾了调频的经济性和动态性能。

五相永磁同步电机的分数阶滑模模型预测转矩控制

为了提高五相永磁同步电机控制系统的性能,本文提出了适用于五相永磁同步电机谐波子空间的目标函数构造方法。采用有限集模型预测转矩控制策略,并基于分数阶滑模变结构理论提出了不确定非线性的分数阶速度控制器。仿真结果表明:该控制方法具有减小电机转矩、磁链脉动的效果,同时也提高了空子系统跟随精度;减小了速度超调和响应时间,提高系统稳定性。采用基于分数阶滑模控制的五相永磁同步电机的有限集模型预测转矩控制优化策略具有较强的负载鲁棒性,有良好的动态性能和静态性能,优化的控制系统提高了电机的输出性能和可靠性。

三端口柔性多状态开关有限集模型预测控制

柔性多状态开关(SOP)作为一种新型电力电子装置,可提升配电网运行的灵活性与稳定性。SOP通常采用双闭环控制策略,对于三端口SOP而言共需12个PI调节器,控制结构复杂。因此,本文提出一种基于有限集模型预测控制(FCS-MPC)的三端口SOP的内环电流控制方案。该方案无需PI调节器整定且控制灵活,易于实现。建立了三端口SOP的数学模型,分析其工作原理;接着分析了FCS-MPC和双闭环控制的工作原理;在稳态运行条件和动态运行条件下,用Matlab/Simulink对基于FCS-MPC的SOP的运行情况进行仿真,对比分析了双闭环控制和FCS-MPC时的负载电流响应速度。结果表明:FCS-MPC在电流波动时具有更快响应速度,在稳态时具有更好的稳定性和抗干扰性,验证了所提方案的优越性及有效性。

基于双磁场耦合式无线电能传输的WPT系统研究

无线电能传输(WPT)被广泛用于飞机、电动汽车、手机等领域,磁耦合谐振技术(Magnetic Coupling Resonance,MCR)是实现WPT的技术手段之一,具有效率高、传输距离远等优势。针对传统MCR技术的单线圈传输系统输出功率有限的缺点,采用一种前级双线圈传输系统,前级利用两个线圈进行并联,同时进行双磁场耦合谐振式电能传输,共同给负载供电,以期输出功率放大。同时,采用模型预测控制方法对逆变器进行控制,利用模型预测控制的高抗扰性去优化WPT系统的稳定性。仿真和实验验证了所提系统的有效性。

基于平行度误差补偿的多通道双晶单色器运动控制

针对新型多通道双晶单色器系统易受晶体片平行度误差影响导致性能失效的问题,提出一种迭代学习模型预测控制器(Iterative Learning Model Predictive Control,ILMPC)策略。该策略将主-从轴晶体片平行度误差转换为从轴电机的重复参考运动轨迹,采用ILC迭代消除周期性机械安装误差,再利用MPC对单个转动周期内从轴电机的随机性误差进行抑制。最终在单轴电机运动实验平台上对该策略进行轨迹跟踪验证。实验结果表明,在晶体片有效工作区间内从轴电机的位置跟踪误差达到1.44″,相比于PID控制、MPC、DOB+MPC以及ILC+PID组合控制器策略,分别降低了99.64%,98.52%,98.26%和73.33%。研究结果验证了所提出的ILMPC策略在补偿晶体片平行度误差和提高平行对准精度方面的有效性,该策略对于改善新型多通道双晶单色器性能具有较好的实际应用价值。