Adaptive Hybrid Bivariate Double Density Discrete and Complex Wavelet for Image Denoising

Image denoising is an important step in eliminating any noise impact in any image transmission process. Recently we presented two approaches for Bivariate based image denoising. They were Double Density Discrete Wavelet Transform (DD DWT) and Double Density Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DD CWT). In both techniques we decomposed noisy images with either DD DWT or DD CWT decompositions and then applied the Bivariate based denoising technique for noise removal. In this paper we propose an adaptive hybrid technique for Bivariate based image denoising that is based on the synthesis of DD-DWT bands or DD-CWT bands but with different weights, to deliver enhanced image features with less denoising impact especially around image edges, which is the most effected by noisy transmission channels. This proposed technique has been also enhanced by edge sharpening and Eigen analysis, as two separate stages. Simulation result comparisons have been performed between the proposed hybrid band adaptive DD-DWT and DD-CWT technique and the two primary techniques DD-DWT, DD- CWT, as well as other superior literature techniques such the original bivariate denoising technique with both original Complex Wavelet Transform and Double Density decompositions. This work in specific compares between Double Density DWT and Double Density CWT decompositions, proposes new filter design that suits each of them and proposes a hybrid technique between as will be shown.

ON DOUBLE PEAK PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTIONS OF DUFFING OSCILLATOR TO COMBINED DETERMINISTIC AND RANDOM EXCITATIONS

The principal resonance of Duffing random external excitation was investigated. oscillator to combined deterministic and The random excitation was taken to be white noise or harmonic with separable random amplitude and phase. The method of multiple scales was used to determine the equations of modulation of amplitude and phase. The one peak probability density function of each of the two stable stationary solutions was calculated by the linearization method. These two one-peak-density functions were combined using the probability of realization of the two stable stationary solutions to obtain the double peak probability density function. The theoretical analysis are verified by numerical results.

The Richtmyer-Meshkov instability of a double-layer interface in convergent geometry with magnetohydrodynamics

The interaction between a converging cylindrical shock and double density interfaces in the presence of a saddle magnetic field is numerically investigated within the framework of ideal magnetohydrodynamics.Three fluids of differing densities are initially separated by the two perturbed cylindrical interfaces.The initial incident converging shock is generated from a Riemann problem upstream of the first interface.The effect of the magnetic field on the instabilities is studied through varying the field strength.It shows that the Richtmyer-Meshkov and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities are mitigated by the field,however,the extent of the suppression varies on the interface which leads to non-axisymmetric growth of the perturbations.The degree of asymmetry of the interfacial growth rate is increased when the seed field strength is increased.

The double Lagrangian its applications with U（1, J） symmetry and to the cosmology

By introducing the double complex scalar field, this paper constructs the double Lagrangian with the potential V（Ф（J）,Ф（J）） = V（│Ф（J）│）, which not only can describe the evolution of quintom Universe, but also can naturally give the spintessence and hessence Universe. Furthermore, the U（1, J） symmetry of the double complex Lagrangian is verified, and the total conserved charge within the physical volume is derived by means of the Norther theorem. Moreover, it can point out that the ＇imaginary motion＇ of the angular parameter in Ref.[14], in fact, is only a real phase displacement in our model.

Density functional theory study on the influence of cation ratio on the host layer structure of Zn/Al double hydroxides

A density functional theory （DFT） study has been carried out for [Zn-1AI（OH2）n＋6（OH）2n-2]^3＋ （n=3-6） and [Znn-1AI（OH2）2n-2（OH）2n-2]^3＋ （n = 7） clusters, which include the basic structural information of the brucite-like lattice structure of Zn/Al layered double hydroxides （LDHs） with Zn/AI molar ratio （R） in the range 2-6, in order to understand the effect of the Zn/Al ratio on the structure and stability of binary Zn/Al LDHs. Based on systematic calculations of the geometric parameters and formation energies of the cluster models, it was found that it is possible for Zn^2＋ and Al^3＋ cations to replace Mg^2＋ isomorphously in the brucite-like structure with different R values, resulting in differences in microstructure of the clusters and unit cell parameter a of the Zn/Al LDHs. Analysis of the geometry and bonding around the trivalent Al^3＋ or divalent Zn^2＋ cations reveals that Al^3＋ plays a more significant role than Zn^2＋ in determining the microstructure properties, formation and bonding stability of the corresponding ZnRAl clusters when R〈5, while the influence of Zn^2＋ becomes the dominant factor in the case of R〉 5. These findings are in good agreement with experiments. This work provides a detailed electronic-level understanding of how the composition of cations affects the microstructure and stability of Zn-containing binary LDH layers.

Fabrication of Zn-Ti layered double hydroxide by varying cationic ratio of Ti^(4+) and its application as UV absorbent

ZnTi-layered double hydroxides（LDHs） with varying Zn/Ti ratio have been synthesized by coprecipitation of zinc and titanium salts from homogeneous solution.The obtained ZnTi-LDHs possess high crystallinity and hierarchical structure with improved UV-absorbance property.The UV-vis spectra show that the UV absorbing properties of ZnTi-LDHs is stronger and broader than both MgAl-LDH and ZnAl-LDH due to the existence of Ti.Moreover,the UV absorption property increased with the content of Ti,which can be ascribed to the decrease in the band gap energy,as clearly confirmed by density functional theory calculations.When irradiated by UV rays,the property of the samples with generated free radicals（OH^·and O2^·） was evaluated by means of electron spin resonance（EPR）.ZnTi-LDHs generated a relatively lower active radicals in contrast with TiO2 and ZnO,which implied an increased safety used as sunscreens.Therefore,this work provides a detailed understanding of UV shielding properties of ZnTiLDHs which was unrevealed previously,and demonstrates the expansive application prospects of ZnTiLDHs in the field of sunscreens.