Research on static characteristic of double redundance double nozzle flapper valve based on AMESim

The feedback spring rod of the armature assembly is cancelled in the double redundance double nozzle flapper valve(DRDNFV),and the difficulty of valve core displacement control is increased.Therefore,this paper intends to study the static characteristic of DRDNFV through the AMESet and AMESim simulation.It is explored under the circumstance of the fixed orifices being clogged and experimentally verified on the test bench.The results show that the pressure gain increases and the flow gain decreases with the increasing clogged degree of the fixed orifices on both sides.The zero bias increases synchronously with the increasing clogged degree of the unilateral fixed orifice.The experimental results are basically consistent with the theoretical curves and the theoretical correctness of the simulation model is effectively verified.The results can provide the theoretical reference for design,debugging,maintenance and fault diagnosis of DRDNFV.

Novel Double Modular Redundancy Based Fault-Tolerant FIR Filter for Image Denoising

In signal processing and communication systems,digital filters are widely employed.In some circumstances,the reliability of those systems is crucial,necessitating the use of fault tolerant filter implementations.Many strategies have been presented throughout the years to achieve fault tolerance by utilising the structure and properties of the filters.As technology advances,more complicated systems with several filters become possible.Some of the filters in those complicated systems frequently function in parallel,for example,by applying the same filter to various input signals.Recently,a simple strategy for achieving fault tolerance that takes advantage of the availability of parallel filters was given.Many fault-tolerant ways that take advantage of the filter’s structure and properties have been proposed throughout the years.The primary idea is to use structured authentication scan chains to study the internal states of finite impulse response(FIR)components in order to detect and recover the exact state of faulty modules through the state of non-faulty modules.Finally,a simple solution of Double modular redundancy(DMR)based fault tolerance was developed that takes advantage of the availability of parallel filters for image denoising.This approach is expanded in this short to display how parallel filters can be protected using error correction codes(ECCs)in which each filter is comparable to a bit in a standard ECC.“Advanced error recovery for parallel systems,”the suggested technique,can find and eliminate hidden defects in FIR modules,and also restore the system from multiple failures impacting two FIR modules.From the implementation,Xilinx ISE 14.7 was found to have given significant error reduction capability in the fault calculations and reduction in the area which reduces the cost of implementation.Faults were introduced in all the outputs of the functional filters and found that the fault in every output is corrected.

Earthquake relocation using a 3D velocity model and implications on seismogenic faults in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

To enhance the understanding of the geometry and characteristics of seismogenic faults in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,we relocated 14805 out of 16063 earthquakes(113°E-120°E,36°N-43°N)that occurred between January 2008 and December 2020 using the double-difference tomography method.Based on the spatial variation in seismicity after relocation,the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region can be divided into three seismic zones:Xingtai-Wen'an,Zhangbei-Ninghexi,and Tangshan.(1)The Xingtai-Wen'an Seismic Zone has a northeastsouthwest strike.The depth profile of earthquakes perpendicular to the strike reveals three northeast-striking,southeast-dipping,high-angle deep faults(>10 km depth),including one below the shallow(<10 km depth)listric,northwest-dipping Xinghe fault in the Xingtai region.Two additional deep faults in the Wen'an region are suggested to be associated with the 2006 M 5.1 Wen'an Earthquake and the 1967 M 6.3 Dacheng earthquake;(2)The Zhangbei-Ninghexi Seismic Zone is oriented north-northwest.Multiple northeast-striking faults(10-20 km depth),inferred from the earthquake-intensive zones,exist beneath the shallow(<10 km depth)Xiandian Fault,Xiaotangshan Fault,Huailai-Zhuolu Basin North Fault,Yangyuan Basin Fault and Yanggao Basin North Fault;(3)In the Tangshan Seismic Zone,earthquakes are mainly concentrated near the northeast-striking Tangshan-Guye Fault,Lulong Fault,and northwest-striking Luanxian-Laoting Fault.An inferred north-south-oriented blind fault is present to the north of the Tangshan-Guye Fault.The 1976 M 7.8 Tangshan earthquake occurred at the junction of a shallow northwest-dipping fault and a deep southeast-dipping fault.This study emphasizes that earthquakes in the region are primarily associated with deep blind faults.Some deep blind faults have different geometries compared to shallow faults,suggesting a complex fault system in the region.Overall,this research provides valuable insights into the seismogenic faults in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region.Further studies and monitoring of these faults are essential for earthquake mitigation efforts in this region.

Novel active fault-tolerant control scheme and its application to a double inverted pendulum system

On the basis of the gain-scheduled H∞ design strategy, a novel active fault-tolerant control scheme is proposed. Under the assumption that the effects of faults on the state-space matrices of systems can be of affine parameter dependence, a reconfigurable robust H∞ linear parameter varying controller is developed. The designed controller is a function of the fault effect factors that can be derived online by using a well-trained neural network. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a double inverted pendulum system, with a fault in the motor tachometer loop, is considered.

Fault location of two-parallel transmission line for double phase-to-earth fault using one-terminal data

An accurate algorithm for fault location of double phase-to-earth fault on transmission line of direct ground neutral system is presented. The algorithm, which employs the faulted phase network and zero-sequence network as fault-location model in which the source impedance at the remote end is not involved, ef-fectively eliminates the effect of load flow and fault resistance on the accuracy of fault location. The algorithm achieves accurate location by measuring only one local end data and is used in a procedure that provides automatic determination of faulted types and phases, and does not require the engineer to specify them. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the algorithm under the condition of double phase-to-earth fault.

Decadal Forecasts of Large Earthquakes along the Northern San Andreas Fault System, California: Increased Activity on Regional Creeping Faults Prior to Major and Great Events

The three largest earthquakes in northern California since 1849 were preceded by increased decadal activity for moderate-size shocks along surrounding nearby faults. Increased seismicity, double-difference precise locations of earthquakes since 1968, geodetic data and fault offsets for the 1906 great shock are used to re-examine the timing and locations of possible future large earthquakes. The physical mechanisms of regional faults like the Calaveras, Hayward and Sargent, which exhibit creep, differ from those of the northern San Andreas, which is currently locked and is not creeping. Much decadal forerunning activity occurred on creeping faults. Moderate-size earthquakes along those faults became more frequent as stresses in the region increased in the latter part of the cycle of stress restoration for major and great earthquakes along the San Andreas. They may be useful for decadal forecasts. Yearly to decadal forecasts, however, are based on only a few major to great events. Activity along closer faults like that in the two years prior to the 1989 Loma Prieta shock needs to be examined for possible yearly forerunning changes to large plate boundary earthquakes. Geodetic observations are needed to focus on identifying creeping faults close to the San Andreas. The distribution of moderate-size earthquakes increased significantly since 1990 along the Hayward fault but not adjacent to the San Andreas fault to the south of San Francisco compared to what took place in the decades prior to the three major historic earthquakes in the region. It is now clear from a re-examination of the 1989 mainshock that the increased level of moderate-size shocks in the one to two preceding decades occurred on nearby East Bay faults. Double-difference locations of small earthquakes provide structural information about faults in the region, especially their depths. The northern San Andreas fault is divided into several strongly coupled segments based on differences in seismicity.

Fault Locator Using Two-end Unsynchronized Measurements for UHV Series Compensated Double-circuit Lines

An accurate fault location algorithm for double-circuit series compensated lines is presented.Use of two-end unsynchronized measurements of current and voltage signals is considered.The algorithm applies two subroutines,designated for locating faults on particular line sections,and additionally the procedure for selecting the valid subroutine.The subroutines are formulated with use of the generalized fault loop model and the distributed parameter line model is applied.Performed ATP-EMTP based evaluation has shown the validity of the derived fault location algorithm and its high accuracy.

A Novel Fault Location Algorithmfor Double-Circuit Transmission Lines based on Distributed Parameter

Anewfault location algorithmfor double-circuit transmissionlines is described inthis paper.Theproposed method uses data extractedfromtwo ends of the transmissionlines andthus eliminates the effects ofthe source impedance andthe fault resistance.The distributed parameter model and the modal transformationare also employed.Depending on modal transformation,the coupled equations of the lines are converted intodecoupled ones.Inthis way,the mutual coupling effects between adjacent circuits of the lines are eliminatedandtherefore an accurate fault location can be achieved.The proposed methodis tested via digital simulationusing EMTP in conjunction with MATLAB.The test results corroborate the high accuracy of the proposedmethod.

Design of Heading Fault-Tolerant System for Underwater Vehicles Based on Double-Criterion Fault Detection Method

This paper proposes a heading fault tolerance scheme for operation-level underwater robots subject to external interference.The scheme is based on a double-criterion fault detection method using a redundant structure of a dual electronic compass.First,two subexpansion Kalman filters are set up to fuse data with an inertial attitude measurement system.Then,fault detection can effectively identify the fault sensor and fault source.Finally,a fault-tolerant algorithm is used to isolate and alarm the faulty sensor.The program can effectively detect the constant magnetic field interference,change the magnetic field interference and small transient magnetic field interference,and conduct fault tolerance control in time to ensure the heading accuracy of the system.Test verification shows that the system is practical and effective.

Double Difference Location of the Mainshock and Aftershocks of the Hutubi MS6.2 Earthquake That Occurred on December 8,2016

The mainshock and aftershocks of the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake on December 8,2016 were relocated by applying the double difference method, and we relocated 477 earthquakes in the Hutubi region. The earthquake relocation results show that the aftershocks are distributed in the east-west direction towards the north side of the southern margin of the Junggar Basin fault,and are mainly distributed in the western region of the mainshock. The distance between the mainshock after relocation and the southern margin of the Junggar Basin fault is obviously shortened. Combined with the focal mechanism and the spatial distribution of the mainshock and aftershocks,it is inferred that the southern margin of the Junggar Basin fault is the main seismogenic structure of the Hutubi earthquake.

Process Analysis of Double Circuit Transmission Line Trip-out on the Same Tower Due to Lightning

In recent years,several failures of double circuit transmission line on the same tower due to lightning were happened in Beijing power grid.Although it can be reclosed successful,the lightning strike caused a grave threat to the power grid security.The cause of the accident and the accident process were studied for the sake of further understanding of the impact of lightning on power grid.As an example,110 kV double circuit transmission line(Xilong-line) was analyzed.At first,the system topology was given.Through the analysis on relay protection actions and the fault recorder data,over voltage on the insulator strings was calculated.Based on the analysis and the calculation,accident cause and the process were presented respectively.Secondly,it comes to the conclusion that the lightning failure was caused by counterattack.The wave of the lightning over voltage would spread to the not grounded neutral point of the transformers,and make the neutral protective gap breakdown,then cause freewheeling with the frequency of 50 Hz.As results of the relay protection,the double circuit transmission line all tripped out.Finally,the causes of the accident were proposed that included terrain features,large corner towers,strong thunderstorm weather and poor grounded contact of the tower.

基于小波变换和GA-BP神经网络的电力电缆故障定位

由于电力电缆敷设于地下,当发生故障时难以快速且准确定位,出现了故障定位问题。因此,提出一种基于小波变换和遗传算法反向传播(Genetic algorithm back propagation,GA-BP)神经网络的电力电缆故障定位方法,在分析对比各小波能量集中程度和波动次数的基础上,选择多贝西小波(Daubechies wavelet 6,Db6)作为小波基函数,对于各故障位置,采集正向故障行波的α模分量,并对其进行小波分解。选取在d1尺度下的模极大值点作为特征值,同时将故障距离作为标签值,从而构建了训练和测试样本数据集;利用遗传算法(Genetic algorithm,GA)的种群进化和全局最优搜寻能力来改善误差逆传播(Back propagation,BP)网络对初始权重敏感的缺点,并使用优化后的权值、阈值重新对BP神经网络进行训练和预测,最后通过与传统双端行波定位算法、BP算法、粒子群优化BP算法(Particle swarm optimization BP,PSO-BP)相比较,证明了所提方法在测距性能方面的优越性。

穿断层破碎带隧道围岩大变形控制双梯度注浆机制

近些年,中国西部大量深埋隧道工程因关键线路控制无法避让一些活动性断裂,常常在跨越断裂带范围内出现围岩大变形破坏现象,例如侵限、偏压、塌方、底鼓等灾害,严重影响隧道工程施工和运营的安全可持续发展。为了控制断层破碎带隧道围岩大变形,隧道工程设计者和建设者采用了多种控制方案,例如超前注浆、多层钢拱架被动支护、锚杆索主动支护等,但是都因断层破碎带围岩强度过低而出现超前注浆诱发围岩拉裂破碎、主动支护锚杆锚固力不足等现象。为解决上述难题,首先,提出一种增强穿断层破碎带隧道围岩强度的双梯度注浆技术,建立双梯度注浆概念模型,构建3种双梯度注浆模式;然后,确定特定工况下注浆材料粒径梯度与注浆压力梯度的适配条件;最后,通过理论分析、物理模型试验和现场试验,探索双梯度注浆机制及其控制效果。研究结果表明:1)随着开挖步序的增加,穿断层破碎带隧道拱肩变形最大,构造应力对围岩稳定性影响较大。2)在双梯度注浆作用下,浆液扩散效果良好,围岩未出现大面积脱落破坏,隧道周围岩体应力分布均匀。3)双梯度注浆形成了坚硬交叉浆脉骨架,达到了应力补偿效果,将围岩变形量从原来的3 100 mm控制到278 mm以内,实现了“零换拱、零侵限、零突涌”的目标。

振动筛轴承双冲击现象动力学建模及故障识别

根据轴承故障特征,采用Hertz接触理论分析了接触变形过程与缺陷尺寸之间的关系,在载荷分布区中,构建的轴承外环损伤故障双冲击模型,将轴承缺陷部位形成的双冲击间隔作为故障定量指标,依次在故障宽度0.5、1.0 mm处开展振动筛轴承测试。仿真信号分析结果表明:当转速保持恒定时,双冲击间隔和裂纹宽度保持线性关系。该仿真频率与故障特征频率理论值一致,由此判断该频率特征属于故障频率。实验验证结果表明:在脉冲冲击信号中存在明显双冲击情况,相邻2次冲击起振点间隔非常接近仿真结果,达到99.68%的高准确率。故障宽度尺寸对应的轴承双冲击信号准确率均值依次为96.51%和97.40%。推断采用本文构建的轴承外环损伤故障双冲击模型进行分析可以满足准确性要求。

考虑样本多样性的转辙机故障诊断决策模型

为解决现有研究未充分考虑诊断模型在不同转辙机数据样本条件下的适用性,且单一诊断方法难以满足故障诊断精度与决策要求的问题,提出一种考虑样本多样性的故障诊断决策模型.首先,从ZYJ7电液转辙机8种故障模式和正常模式所对应的油压曲线中分别提取时域、频域、时频域特征量,采用基于核函数的主成分分析法对3个域内的特征量分别降维,得到每个域的特征矩阵,进而构成不同类型的数据样本.然后,基于PSO-KNN、SA-PSO-PNN、PSO-SVM算法构建决策模型.当样本是一般数据样本时,决策模型采用3种算法分别做同一域数据分类,并对同一域各算法诊断结果进行三取二表决,分别得到每一域诊断结果;当样本是大数据样本、不均衡数据样本时,决策模型根据不同样本特点采用3种算法中的推荐算法得到每一域诊断结果.最后,利用决策模型对各域诊断结果进行三取二表决得到最终诊断结果 .仿真结果表明:与单一诊断算法相比,决策模型在大数据样本下,平均准确率提升1.01%;在不均衡数据样本条件下,决策模型的平均准确率提升12.82%;在一般数据样本下,决策模型平均准确率提升6.18%.决策模型通过结合多域的多维特征与各算法特点提高了诊断精度,为集成学习在转辙机故障诊断领域应用提供了一种思路.

断层地震动作用对双层隔震体系倾覆特性的影响

为研究双层隔震体系抗倾覆性能受近断层地震动的影响,将中间隔震层分别设置在第三层、第六层和第九层,建立双层隔震体系,输入不同运动特征的近断层地震波,探讨双层隔震体系的抗倾覆性能。研究表明:近断层脉冲型地震动严重影响双层隔震体系的抗倾覆性能,随着地震动加速度峰值增加这一影响会更明显,含速度脉冲的滑冲效应和破裂向前方向效应容易使结构发生倾覆破坏。近断层地震动作用下,双层隔震体系隔震层的压应力不会超限,但隔震层位移和拉应力会超出限值导致隔震层倾覆,且双层隔震体系包含的两个隔震层中,基础隔震层倾覆风险更大;中间隔震层设置在第三层时,双层隔震体系的抗倾覆性能表现最优。

东昆仑断裂带东段微震检测与构造分析

本文整理了一套包括微震检测、地震去噪、震相拾取和地震定位的构建高精度地震目录数据的处理流程。收集了青海省内东昆仑断裂带东段20个数字地震台站记录的2009−2018年的连续地震数据,并应用该流程进行微震检测、去噪和定位。首先,从台网中心提供的3198个地震事件目录中筛选出1200个信噪比高且震相较为明显的地震事件作为模板事件,利用基于图像处理器加速的模板匹配定位方法(GPU-M&L)进行遗漏地震的检测与识别,然后利用基于神经网络的地震波形去噪方法进行去噪处理,再结合基于深度学习的震相拾取技术和双差定位方法对去噪后的地震事件进行震相拾取和定位。使用GPU-M&L共检测出13318个地震事件,约为台网地震目录事件数量的4.2倍;去噪后得到7514个地震事件,约为台网地震目录事件数量的2.3倍,完备震级从台网目录的ML 1.5降低至ML 0.9。定位后共获得7247个地震事件,精定位结果显示,东昆仑断裂带东段的地震以中小震为主,在空间上呈窄条带状或簇状分布,震源深度的优势分布深度为0~15 km;在101°E附近地震的空间展布发生变化,主要沿阿万仓断裂带向东南展布;在玛沁-玛曲段可能存在地震空区。本研究的微震结果为研究东昆仑断裂带东段地震活动性、发震断层的深部构造等提供了重要的数据基础。

逆断层错动作用下双仓管廊结构力学特性和抗断设计研究

断层蠕滑错动和地震作用对穿越断层及其上覆土层的浅埋地下结构的破坏是极其严重的。通过开展节段双仓管廊结构穿越45°逆断层的1∶30室内相似模型试验,对双仓管廊结构的位移、应变和接触压力分布规律等主要参数开展实时监测,并结合结构的渐进破坏过程、破坏模式和分布特征进行深入分析,以清晰揭示逆断层错动作用下节段双仓管廊结构的力学响应规律和致灾机理。结果表明:柔性接头可较好地释放断层蠕滑错动产生的能量和强制位移,并减小施加在结构上的弯曲剪切复合作用。节段衬砌结构的相邻节段影响较小,仅在C~E块的接头处出现局部破坏,避免了结构出现整体坍塌。上盘区域内管廊结构的位移变化明显。靠近断层面的双仓管廊结构的内力响应显著,尤其是70~120cm管廊结构破坏严重,应作为重点设防区域。逆断层错动完成后,双仓管廊结构易出现张拉和压缩破坏,其开裂破坏形式主要有裂缝、环间错台和剥落掉块。可见采用柔性接头措施可有效提高穿越断层的地下结构的抗断性能和震后保通能力。

福建仙游震群的应力场及其成因分析

利用双差定位法对2010年8月1日至2014年12月31日福建仙游地区中国地震台网中心记录到的地震群进行重定位,并采用P波初动的方法求解出该震群的159个震源机制解,显示该震群的震源机制解结果与背景构造应力场表现明显不一致。为了进一步探究差异性存在的原因,将得到的震群震源机制解结果分区域和分深度求解应力场,结果显示:金钟水库的东南部附近应力方向更远离背景构造应力方向,并且应力形因子小于0.5,中间轴呈现为拉张应力;随着深度的增加,应力场的方向也更接近背景构造应力场的方向。此外,根据前人研究推断该区域应力方向发生偏转是由于太平洋板块在深部的低角度俯冲挤压导致浅部张开,应力呈现为东西向拉张所致。在上述两原因的共同作用下,使得经震源机制解反演出的应力场结果与背景应力场差别较大。

利用双差走时成像研究青藏高原东缘地壳速度结构

青藏高原东缘断裂密布,强震频发,是研究高原侧向挤出及深部孕震环境的理想实验室.为了解龙门山次级块体及其西界龙日坝断裂带在青藏高原东缘隆升过程中的作用,我们基于四川地震台网64个宽频带地震台在2008年1月至2015年12月期间记录的震级≥3.0地震事件波形,利用双差层析成像方法揭示了四川盆地及青藏高原东缘的地壳速度结构.结果表明:夹持于龙门山断裂带(LMSF)与龙日坝断裂带(LRBF)之间的龙门山次级块体,相对东侧龙门山断裂带和四川盆地呈现明显的低速特征.结合该区域的低阻、低密度结构特征,以及块体内部、特别是龙日坝断裂带现今地震活动缺乏,我们推测这是因为该块体“相对较软”,不易脆性破裂产生地震,在青藏高原东缘与扬子块体西缘强烈相互作用过程中,该块体主要通过地壳缩短增厚和地表隆升吸收板块挤压造成的累积应变能.依据本文获得的速度等值线变化特征及已有地球物理剖面探测结果,推测龙日坝断裂带为深部向南东倾斜且向下切入基底,该断裂倾角较陡,主要以走滑运动调节应变能,而东侧龙门山断裂带倾角较缓,表现为逆冲运动导致的地壳缩短是其调节应变能的主要形式.此外,据本文多条速度剖面及已有电性剖面、重力异常的联合约束,我们推测鲜水河、安宁河断裂带均以较大倾角向南东倾斜,至少延伸至中下地壳.