Liquid holdup measurement with double helix capacitance sensor in horizontal oil-water two-phase flow pipes

This paper presents the characteristics of a double helix capacitance sensor for measurement of the liquid holdup in horizontal oil–water two-phase flow. The finite element method is used to calculate the sensitivity field of the sensor in a pipe with 20 mm inner diameter and the effect of sensor geometry on the distribution of sensitivity field is presented. Then, a horizontal oil–water two-phase flow experiment is carried out to measure the response of the double helix capacitance sensor, in which a novel method is proposed to calibrate the liquid holdup based on three pairs of parallel-wire capacitance probes. The performance of the sensor is analyzed in terms of the flow structures detected by mini-conductance array probes.

Simulation and experimental study of 7A09 aluminum alloy milling under double liquid quenching

To explore the influence of double liquid quenching on the cutting performance of the 7A09 aluminum alloy,quasi-static compression and dynamic impact tests were carried out on the 7A09 aluminum alloy after double liquid quenching using an MTS810.23 universal testing machine and split-Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB).The experimental data were fitted to obtain the Johnson–Cook constitutive model parameters of the alloy.Simulations of the machining process were carried out using the Deform-3D finite element software.The results showed that the rheological stress increased with the increase in strain rate and the decrease in temperature.The increase in the cutting speed and feed caused the cutting temperature to rise sharply,whereas the influence of the cutting amount on the cutting temperature was weak.Because of the presence of chip nodules,there was extremum in the cutting force vs cutting speed curves.The increase in the feed and cutting depth increased the cutting area Ac,so the cutting force also increased.The simulation results were verified by experiments.The simulation predictions were in good agreement with the test values,and the cutting force and temperature variations with the cutting parameters were the same.Thus,the correctness of the 7A09 aluminum alloy finite element model was verified.

DFT Studies on the Isomerization of Butene Double Bond Catalyzed by 1-Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium in Ionic Liquid

The geometries of reactant, product and transition state of the title reaction have been optimized by using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6- 311++G(d,p) levels. The variations of the bond parameters in the course of reaction were analyzed. The zero point energy corrections were performed by vibrational analysis. The equilibrium states and the transition state were verified according to the number of virtue frequency of geometry. The intrinsic reaction coordinates (IRC) were calculated from the transition state. The calculated results show that the double bond rearrangement of butene catalyzed by 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium cation is a one-step reaction. The forward energy barrier of isomerization from 1-butene to 2- butene is about 193 kJ·mol-1 and the reverse energy barrier about 209 kJ·mol-1 at the B3LYP/6- 31G(d,p) level, which means that the reaction is easy to proceed at or above room temperature.

Liquid-liquid phase separation in DNA double-strand break repair

DNA repair factors function through spatiotemporal condensation and dissolution at DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs).Recent advances have indicated that some DSB repair factors undergo liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)and show droplet-like properties,as well as dynamic material exchange.Importantly,LLPS regulates various biological processes,and aberrant LLPS is involved in the pathologic progression of various diseases.

Experimental Study on Ratio and Performance of Coal Gangue/Bottom Ash Geopolymer Double-Liquid Grouting Material

Mine grouting reinforcement and water plugging projects often require large amounts of grouting materials.To reduce the carbon emission of grouting material production,improve the utilization of solid waste from mining enterprises,and meet the needs of mine reinforcement and seepage control,a double-liquid grouting material containing a high admixture of coal gangue powder/bottom ash geopolymer was studied.The setting time,fluidity,bleeding rate,and mechanical properties of grouting materials were studied through laboratory tests,and SEM analyzed the microstructure of the materials.The results show that the total mixture of calcined gangue does not exceed 60%.And the proportion of bottom ash replacing cement should be within 30%.At the same time,the volume mixture of sodium silicate is 20%.And the water-solid ratio does not exceed 0.6.The stability of the slurry prepared under this ratio is good.The microstructure of the stone body is dense,and its strength can meet the requirements of rock reinforcement and seepage control.Its economic and environmental benefits are more significant than the traditional cement-silicate double-liquid grouting material.

含液晶缺陷层的Double-period结构缺陷模的电控可调特性

采用传输矩阵法研究含一向列相液晶缺陷层的一维Double-period第五代准周期结构缺陷模的电控可调特性.计算外加电压与向列相液晶有效折射率的变化关系,数值模拟缺陷模波长的大小与外加电压的变化关系以及介质层中缺陷模波长的光场分布.结果表明:随外加电压的增大,缺陷模波长的大小向短波方向移动.介质层中缺陷模波长的光场分布呈现出局域现象,并且光场分布主要集中在缺陷层.

Double Floating Stuffing Box

Stuffing box is commonly used in oilfield. It is a component of a pumping unit. When the pumping unit＇ s polish rod moves up and down repeatedly, the stuffing box can play a role in sealing so as to prevent the liquid in the oil well flom leaking. However, there can be friction, called ＂eccentric wear＂ , between the polish rod and stuffing box for some reason during their relative movements. This paper proposed specific solution through analyzing this phenomenon.

Molecular dynamics study of room temperature ionic liquids with water at mica surface

Water in room temperature ionic liquids(RTILs) could impose significant effects on their interfacial properties at a charged surface. Although the interfaces between RTILs and mica surfaces exhibit rich microstructure, the influence of water content on such interfaces is little understood,in particular, considering the fact that RTILs are always associated with water due to their hygroscopicity. In this work, we studied how different types of RTILs and different amounts of water molecules affect the RTIL-mica interfaces, especially the water distribution at mica surfaces,using molecular dynamics(MD) simulation. MD results showed that(1) there is more water and a thicker water layer adsorbed on the mica surface as the water content increases, and correspondingly the average location of K^+ ions is farther from mica surface;(2) more water accumulated at the interface with the hydrophobic [Emim][TFSI] than in case of the hydrophilic [Emim][BF4] due to the respective RTIL hydrophobicity and ion size. A similar trend was also observed in the hydrogen bonds formed between water molecules. Moreover, the 2D number density map of adsorbed water revealed that the high-density areas of water seem to be related to K^+ ions and silicon/aluminum atoms on mica surface. These results are of great importance to understand the effects of hydrophobicity/hydrophicility of RTIL and water on the interfacial microstructure at electrified surfaces.

Flow of Eyring-Powell liquid due to oscillatory stretchable curved sheet with modified Fourier and Fick’s model

This study deals with the features of the mass and heat transport mechanism by adopting a modified version of Fourier and Fick’s model known as the CattaneoChristov double diffusive theory.The time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)flow of the Eyring-Powell liquid across an oscillatory stretchable curved sheet in the presence of Fourier and Fick’s model is investigated.The acquired set of flow equations is transformed into the form of nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs)by applying appropriate similarity variables.A convergent series solution to the developed nonlinear equations is accomplished with the help of an analytical approach,i.e.,the homotopy analysis method(HAM).The consequences of diverse parameters,including the dimensionless EyringPowell liquid parameter,the radius of curvature,the Schmidt/Prandtl numbers,the ratio of the oscillatory frequency of the sheet to its stretchable rate constant,the mass and thermal relaxation variables involved in the flow,and the heat and mass properties,are displayed through graphs and tables.It is noted from this study that the amplitude of the pressure distribution rises for the high parametric values of the Eyring-Powell parameter.

Impedance Spectroscopic Study on Room Temperature Ionic Liquid-Water Mixtures

AC impedance spectroscopy in pure room temperature ionic liquids （RTILs） and RTIL-water mixture was measured at the temperature of range from 30 ℃ down to -30 ℃. The cations of RTILs are N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-（2-methoxyethyl） ammonium （[DEME]）, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium （[C2mim]） and l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium （[Camim]）, the anions are tetrafluoroborate （[BF4]） and bis（trifluoromethanesulfonyl）imide （[TFSI]）. In all pure RTILs, there are two kinds of local minima in real part of the AC impedance Zreal. By adding water to [DEME][BF4] （0 mol% 〈 x 〈 94 mol%） at room temperature, the local minimum value at higher frequency decreased remarkably at the fixed frequency with increasing water concentration. Above 94 mol% H20, a quite different profile of the AC impedance spectroscopy was obtained. In addition to Zreal. temperature dependence of an imaginary part of the impedance Zimag had an isosbestic point below 94 mol%. The isosbestic point disappeared above 94 mol%. The isosbestic point in Zing reveals an interaction between [DEME][BFa] and H2O.

Phase distribution in horizontal gas-liquid two-phase bubbly flow

An investigation on phase distribution in air-water two-phase flow in horizontal circular channel was conducted by using the double-sensor resistivity probe.The variations of phase distribution with variations of gas and liquid volumetric fluxes were analyzed and the present data were compared with some of other researcher’s data and existing models. It was found there exists more complicated phase distribution pattern in horizontal flow system than in vertical flow. The radial local void fraction profiles are similar at the same measurement angle with various gas and liquid flow rates. However, an asymmetric profile can be observed at a given slice of the pipe cross-section.

A Dual Effect of Au-Nanoparticles on Nucleic Acid Cholesteric Liquid-Crystalline Particles

Au-nanoparticles (size about 2 nm, but not 5 or 15 nm) are capable of effectively incorporating into quasinematic layers of particles of cholesteric liquid-crystalline dispersion formed by double-stranded nucleic acid molecules of various families (DNA and poly(I)xpoly(C)). This Au-size-dependent process is accompanied by a decrease in amplitudes of abnormal bands in the CD spectra specific to initial cholesteric liquid-crystalline dispersions and simultaneously by an appearance of plasmon resonance band in visible absorption spectrum. The study of properties of particles of cholesteric liquid-crystalline dispersion treated with Au-nanoparticles by means of various physico-chemical methods demonstrates that incorporation of Au-nanoparticles into quasinematic layers of these particles results in two effects: i) it facilitates reorganization of the spatial cholesteric structure of particles, and ii) it induces the formation of Au-clusters in the content of particles. It is not excluded that these effects represent a possible reason for genotoxicity of Au-nanopar- ticles.

Determinants of Marketability for Organic Biomass Liquid Fertilizer from Human Waste in Da Nang City, Vietnam

Recently, 90 tons of human waste per day are collected from private residences, offices, and public facilities in Da Nang City. Meanwhile, farmers in this region have to allocate 10% - 20% of rice sales for purchasing chemical fertilizer. Therefore, it is essential to be adopted more inexpensive organic fertilizer. To deal with these problems, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has signed a contract with Da Nang city government about human waste treatment and production of organic biomass liquid fertilizer (OBLF) in 2015. The aims of this project are to promote the use of OBLF in farming and improve public awareness of environmental protection. 530 respondents were interviewed at Hoa Vang districts of Da Nang city, and data was analyzed by Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) under double bounded dichotomous choice approach. The results have revealed that 436 respondents (82%) agreed to use OBLF. The farmers’ WTP depends on factors including household income, experience in using organic fertilizer, awareness of environment and training of organic fertilizer in the past. The estimated price for OBLF was 94,856 VND (4.0 USD)/ton. The cost that farmers paid for OBLF was lower than that of current available chemical fertilizers in Da Nang city. This proves that marketability seems to be existed for OBLF product in Da Nang city. From these findings, the government should have policies to support and subsidize the farmers to encourage them to use OBLF in a large scale of cultivation. Furthermore, establishment of a market to consume the organic products harvested from cultivated areas using OBLF is also recommended.

离子液体凝胶催化剂在合成乙酸正龙脑酯中的应用

乙酸正龙脑酯作为医药中间体,具有广泛用途。无论是传统工艺的酸性催化剂,还是离子液体催化剂都存在催化剂与反应物有效分离困难、不易循环使用的缺点。将具备温敏性的离子液体凝胶作为乙酸正龙脑酯的新型催化剂,可突破离子液体催化酯化反应工业化的技术瓶颈。本工作以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐、聚乙烯醇、单宁酸为原料,基于超分子组装原理,制备了温敏性离子液体凝胶催化剂。采用流变仪、热重分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、核磁共振波谱仪对离子液体凝胶进行表征。结果显示,PVA-Ta-[BMIM]HSO4离子液体凝胶中存在羧酸酯键和氢键,是由咪唑环和苯环的π-π堆积作用构成的混合双网络聚合物,具有较高的机械强度和韧性。以乙酸正龙脑酯为反应模型,考察了离子液体凝胶催化剂的活性,通过单因素实验法优化了离子液体凝胶催化剂合成乙酸正龙脑脂的反应条件,得到反应温度为90℃,反应时间为6 h,α-蒎烯与冰醋酸的物质的量比为1∶1。实验结果表明,该催化剂对温度产生可逆相变响应,高温时反应体系为均相,保证了催化效率,反应结束后降温凝固成为凝胶并析出。离子液体凝胶的催化活性与酸性离子液体的活性差别不大,重复使用五次后,α-蒎烯转化率保持在75%以上,乙酸正龙脑酯的选择性在8.5%以上。

双作用液环压缩机壳体型线响应面分析及多目标优化

为探究双作用液环压缩机壳体型线对其内流场及性能的影响机理,采用DFFD参数化方法对多级双作用液环压缩机椭圆形壳体型线进行响应面优化分析,并结合NSGA-II多目标优化方法对吸排气区壳体型线进行协同优化。采用VOF多相流模型对该液环压缩机全流域进行非定常计算,双作用液环泵内相态场、压力场基本呈径向对称分布,吸排气区域及叶轮壳体内流场与单作用液环泵分布规律基本一致,随着级数增大液环内的气相区域逐渐减小。响应面结果表明吸气量的大小主要取决于吸气口始端和末端的壳体型线,当R_(A)值趋于0水平,R_(B)处于低水平时,吸气量趋于最大值。轴功率主要受吸、排气口始端位置壳体型线影响,R_(A),R_(C)值越小,轴功率越小。效率的大小主要取决于吸气口始端和末端的壳体型线,且R_(A)值越大,R_(B)值越小,效率越高。在额定出口压比条件下,以吸气量和效率作为优化目标对液环压缩机进行NSGA-II多目标优化,获得其Pareto前沿的最优效率设计J和和最优流量设计K,J方案流量和效率分别高于原方案1.40%和2.53%,K方案流量和效率分别高于原方案16.4%和0.61%。

中国电科11所碲镉汞薄膜材料制备技术进展

碲镉汞材料具有响应速度快、量子效率高、带隙连续可调等优点,广泛应用于红外探测领域,本文报道了近年来中国电科11所在碲镉汞薄膜材料制备方面的技术进展。在碲锌镉衬底材料制备方面,已突破Φ135mm碲锌镉晶体生长技术,碲锌镉衬底平均位错腐蚀坑密度(EPD)<1×10^(4)cm^(-2),具备了80mm×80mm规格碲锌镉衬底的批量生产能力。在液相外延碲镉汞薄膜制备方面,富碲水平液相外延碲镉汞薄膜平均位错腐蚀坑密度EPD<4×10^(4)cm^(-2),具备80mm×80mm规格碲镉汞薄膜的制备能力;富汞垂直液相外延实现高质量双层异质结碲镉汞薄膜材料批量化制备,该种材料的半峰宽(FWHM)控制在(20~40)arcsec范围内,碲镉汞薄膜厚度极差≤±06μm。在分子束外延碲镉汞薄膜方面,实现了6 in硅基碲镉汞材料制备,组分标准偏差≤00015,表面宏观缺陷密度≤100cm^(-2);碲锌镉基碲镉汞材料已具备50mm×50mm制备能力,组分标准偏差为0002,厚度标准偏差为0047μm。从探测器验证结果来看,基于富碲水平液相外延碲镉汞薄膜实现了1 k×1 k、2 k×2 k等规格红外焦平面探测器的工程化制备;采用双层异质结碲镉汞薄膜实现了高温工作、长波及甚长波探测器的制备;使用分子束外延制备的碲镉汞薄膜实现了27 k×27 k、54 k×54 k、8 k×8 k等规格红外焦平面探测器研制,在宇航领域有巨大的应用潜力。

下穿地下构筑物群桩富水砂层盾构通道MJS预加固施工技术研究及应用

下穿地下构筑物群桩富水砂层盾构通道MJS预加固施工技术包括技术原理、实施思路和具体施工步骤,其由密布群桩富水砂层水平引孔、富水砂层水平引孔砂土流失控制、常规水平MJS注浆加固3个环节组成。技术采用引孔机钻杆+外套管进行水平引孔,实现立柱桩和高强度管桩的穿越,以及富水砂层中的长距离成孔,引孔过程中通过双液注浆对注浆线路进行一次加固,同时利用洞口安装的法兰盘+止回阀来进行砂土流失控制,减少引孔对地下构筑物和周边环境的影响,引孔完成后,进行常规MJS注浆加固,达到预加固目标,并形成具体的下穿地下构筑物群桩富水砂层盾构通道MJS预加固施工步骤指导施工,大幅减少对地下构筑物和周边环境的影响,减少泥浆浪费,提高施工效率,经济社会效益较好,具有较好的推广应用价值。

压裂双弯头液固两相流冲蚀影响数值分析

在水力压裂过程中,地面高压管汇受管内携砂压裂液的复杂流动影响,长期承受着严峻的冲蚀破坏。在各类高压管汇构件中,弯管的冲蚀损伤最为严重。为改善压裂双弯头冲蚀磨损状况,采用DPM模型、RNG k-ε湍流模型,综合分析了斯托克斯数(St)、重力方向、粒径及流速对串联双弯头冲蚀磨损的影响。结果表明:冲蚀磨损区域主要由St和重力方向共同决定;St<1时,最大冲蚀率随颗粒尺寸增大呈线性增加,St>1时呈指数增长;St相同时,速度对冲蚀磨损程度的影响远比颗粒尺寸强烈;向下流重力方向下,损伤区域随St增加完全转移至第二弯头的临界粒径显著小于向上流临界粒径;重力方向对同向冲击颗粒的冲蚀损伤虽有增强效应,其对冲蚀磨损程度影响远不及颗粒尺寸因素作用大。

双混合澄清槽混合过程的仿真研究

以水相和有机相为流体介质,运用CFD技术对双混合澄清槽的混合过程进行液液双相流仿真,深入研究了双混合槽的泵吸能力、搅拌力矩和两相混合特性。仿真结果显示,双混合槽结构具有很强的泵吸能力,搅拌桨所受力矩值随迭代计算次数增加逐步趋于稳定。双混合槽内有机相体积分数随迭代计算先快速增加,后缓慢增加,最后逐渐稳定接近于0.5,定性分析和定量分析对仿真结果的解释具有一致性。

管内相分隔状态下湿气两相流双参数测量方法

能源转型使得天然气产量保持快速增长、进入高质量发展阶段,目前天然气产业体系结构也日渐完善。传统天然气流量计难以满足对现有测量精度和实时性的需求,湿天然气中液相组分影响了测量结果,这将极大地增加湿气计量的难度与成本,因此亟需一种简单便捷、高精度的在线测量方法。本研究旨在探索湿气流量的双参数测量方法,并采用叶片式旋流器将难以测量的液滴或分层流形成为气柱-液环的管内相分隔状态,来减少流型对实验的误差影响,通过采用文丘里管测量轴向压差、径向压差双参数,得出了湿气双参数测量方法。针对在高压的天然气密闭输送条件下,通过分析管内相分隔状态下相分布、压力场和速度场等因素对双压差的影响,建立了具有良好适用性的多因素相关性测量模型,并在TH油田湿气实验平台进行了现场试验验证及校准,试验效果良好并且气相与液相质量流量的误差范围为±5%和±9%。