As global temperature rise,the threat of heat stress to rapeseed production is becoming more obvious.Exploring the response characteristics of two important biological pathways,oil accumulation and photosynthesis,to h...As global temperature rise,the threat of heat stress to rapeseed production is becoming more obvious.Exploring the response characteristics of two important biological pathways,oil accumulation and photosynthesis,to heat stress during B.napus seed filling is helpful in the genetic improvement of heat-tolerant rapeseed.The effects of heat stress on seed oil accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of 29 B.napus germplasms with different oil content and environmental sensitivity,including 6 rapeseed varieties which exhibited environmentsensitive/insensitive and with high,medium or low oil content,were tested by whole plant heat stress or the in vitro silique culture system.Both assay exhibited similar trend on oil content of the rapeseed germplasms.The heat effect on the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters F_(v)/F_(m),ETR and Y(Ⅱ)were also consistent.Heat stress significantly decreased oil content,although there was abundant genetic variation on heat tolerance among the genotypes.Correlation analysis showed that the decrease rate of F_(v)/F_(m) of silique heat-stressed B.napus developing seed was positive correlative to the decrease rate of mature seed oil content of the whole plant heat-stressed rapeseed(R=0.9214,P-value<0.01).Overall,the results indicated that heat stress inhibited oil accumulation and photosynthesis in B.napus developing seed.The decrease rate of chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F_(v)/F_(m) of heat-stressed developing seed could be used as the index of heat tolerant rapeseed identification.Further,two heat insensitive rapeseed varieties with high oil content were identified.展开更多
The Markit Slope is an important area for the petroleum exploration in the Tarim Basin. Elucidation of the oil filling history of discovered oilfields has great significance for recognizing the accumulation processes ...The Markit Slope is an important area for the petroleum exploration in the Tarim Basin. Elucidation of the oil filling history of discovered oilfields has great significance for recognizing the accumulation processes of the whole region. Using molecular geochemistry, fluid inclusion techniques and basin modeling, we studied the oil filling process of the Bashituo Oilfield that is located in the west of the Markit Slope. The molecular migration indexes, such as the methyldibenzothiophene ratio （4-/1-MDBT）, trimethylnaphthalene ratio （TMNr） and pyrrolic nitrogen compounds content, decrease from west to east, indicating that the charging direction and migration pathways are from west to east. Lithological analysis and homogenization temperatures of saline fluid inclusions accompanied with oil fluid inclusions suggest that two charging periods occurred in the Devonian oil reservoir. Combining the burial history and heating history of well BT4, Basinmod 1D software modeling shows the two oil filling periods are from 290 Ma to 285 Ma and from l0 Ma to 4 Ma, respectively, and later oil filling dominates. This study may be helpful to understand the accumulation process and provide useful references for oil and gas exploration in the Markit Slope.展开更多
Condensates and light oils are generally characterized by high maturity, low concentration of sterane and terpane biomarkers and low content of non-hydrocarbon fraction. As a result, some commonly-used sterane, terpan...Condensates and light oils are generally characterized by high maturity, low concentration of sterane and terpane biomarkers and low content of non-hydrocarbon fraction. As a result, some commonly-used sterane, terpane and carbazole migration parameters in conventional oil reservoirs may have a certain limitation in condensate and light oil reservoirs for their poor signal-noise ratios in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Naphthalene, phenanthrene and their methylated substituents, however, are present in significant concentrations in condensates and light oils. Taking the Fushan depression （in the Beibuwan Basin, Northern South China Sea） as an example, this paper attempts for the first time to use polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH）-related parameters to trace migration directions and filling pathways for condensate and light oil reservoirs. The result shows that TMNr （i.e. 1, 3, 7-TMN/（1, 3, 7-TMN ＋ 1, 2, 5-TMN）, TMN： trimethylnaphthalene））, MPI-1 （i.e. 1.5×（2-MP ＋ 3-MP）/（P ＋ 1-MP ＋ 9-MP）, P： phenanthrene MP： methyiphenanthrene）, MN/DMN （∑methylnaphthalene/∑dimethylnaphthalene, %） and MN/TMN （∑nethylnaphthalene/∑trimethylna- phthalene, %） can be used to trace the filling pathways of condensate and light oil reservoirs. These parameters, together with geological consideration and other bulk oil properties （e.g. the gas to oil ratio and density）, suggest that the condensates and light oils in the Huachang oil and gas field are mainly sourced from the Bailian sag that is located to the northeast of the Huachang uplift in the Fushan depression.展开更多
Crop yield is primarily seed-filling-limited in production system under field conditions.This study was aimed to determine whether seed filling traits of oil flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)could be controlled by phosphor...Crop yield is primarily seed-filling-limited in production system under field conditions.This study was aimed to determine whether seed filling traits of oil flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)could be controlled by phosphorus(P),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus and nitrogen(NP)supply.Effects on seed filling traits were investigated in 2 years including capsule diameter,capsule height,capsule dry matter(DM),seed DM per capsule,pericarp DM per capsule,protein content and oil content.DM translocation from pericarps to seed,translocation efficiency,and contribution of photoassimilates during seed filling period were also detected.In a randomized complete block design,cultivar'Longyaza 1'was grown under P(33 kg P/ha),N(75 kg N/ha),and NP(33 kg P/ha and 75 kg N/ha)along with a zerofertilizer(CK)treatment in 2013 and 2014.Results suggested that DM translocation efficiency and contribution efficiency increased to different extent due to P,N or NP application.At 42 DAA(days after anthesis),seed DM per capsule reached the greatest,while protein content and pericarp DM obtained the least level.However,the highest oil content was detected at 35 DAA.A significant positive linear relationship was observed between seed DM,capsule DM and DM translocation in both years.Protein content showed inconsistent relation with oil content.The results indicated that appropriate N and P management could be an effective approach to increase oil flax production.展开更多
Geochemical analysis of 64 oils sampled from an Ordovician carbonate reservoir in the Tuoputai region was undertaken to study the composition of molecular markers. All the oils have similar geochemical characteristics...Geochemical analysis of 64 oils sampled from an Ordovician carbonate reservoir in the Tuoputai region was undertaken to study the composition of molecular markers. All the oils have similar geochemical characteristics and belong to a single oil family. They are presumed to derive from the same source kitchen and have similar oil charging history. A histogram of homogenization temperatures(Th) of aqueous inclusions in reservoir rocks shows a bimodal distribution pattern, indicating that the Ordovician reservoir has been charged twice. Coupling the measured Th(°C) with the burial and geothermal histories reconstructed using 1D basin modeling, we relate the homogenization temperature to the relevant geological ages: i.e.,425–412 and 9–4 Ma, corresponding to the Middle to Late Silurian and the Miocene to Pliocene, respectively. The oil filling orientation and pathways are traced using molecular indicators related to alkyldibenzothiophenes and benzo[b]naphthothiophenes. The oil charging orientation is from south to north generally. It can be predicted that the Ordovician reservoirs were sourced from a kitchen located to the south of the Tuoputai region, most probably between the Awati and Manjiaer Depressions. Traps located in the southern side of the Tuoputai region, along the oil charging pathways, should therefore be preferred oil exploration targets.展开更多
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY20C130006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172018)the State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products(2010DS700124-ZZ1805).
文摘As global temperature rise,the threat of heat stress to rapeseed production is becoming more obvious.Exploring the response characteristics of two important biological pathways,oil accumulation and photosynthesis,to heat stress during B.napus seed filling is helpful in the genetic improvement of heat-tolerant rapeseed.The effects of heat stress on seed oil accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of 29 B.napus germplasms with different oil content and environmental sensitivity,including 6 rapeseed varieties which exhibited environmentsensitive/insensitive and with high,medium or low oil content,were tested by whole plant heat stress or the in vitro silique culture system.Both assay exhibited similar trend on oil content of the rapeseed germplasms.The heat effect on the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters F_(v)/F_(m),ETR and Y(Ⅱ)were also consistent.Heat stress significantly decreased oil content,although there was abundant genetic variation on heat tolerance among the genotypes.Correlation analysis showed that the decrease rate of F_(v)/F_(m) of silique heat-stressed B.napus developing seed was positive correlative to the decrease rate of mature seed oil content of the whole plant heat-stressed rapeseed(R=0.9214,P-value<0.01).Overall,the results indicated that heat stress inhibited oil accumulation and photosynthesis in B.napus developing seed.The decrease rate of chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F_(v)/F_(m) of heat-stressed developing seed could be used as the index of heat tolerant rapeseed identification.Further,two heat insensitive rapeseed varieties with high oil content were identified.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40972089)the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting (Grant No.PRPDX2008-01)
文摘The Markit Slope is an important area for the petroleum exploration in the Tarim Basin. Elucidation of the oil filling history of discovered oilfields has great significance for recognizing the accumulation processes of the whole region. Using molecular geochemistry, fluid inclusion techniques and basin modeling, we studied the oil filling process of the Bashituo Oilfield that is located in the west of the Markit Slope. The molecular migration indexes, such as the methyldibenzothiophene ratio （4-/1-MDBT）, trimethylnaphthalene ratio （TMNr） and pyrrolic nitrogen compounds content, decrease from west to east, indicating that the charging direction and migration pathways are from west to east. Lithological analysis and homogenization temperatures of saline fluid inclusions accompanied with oil fluid inclusions suggest that two charging periods occurred in the Devonian oil reservoir. Combining the burial history and heating history of well BT4, Basinmod 1D software modeling shows the two oil filling periods are from 290 Ma to 285 Ma and from l0 Ma to 4 Ma, respectively, and later oil filling dominates. This study may be helpful to understand the accumulation process and provide useful references for oil and gas exploration in the Markit Slope.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40972089),CNPC Innovation Fund(Grant No.07E1001)the State Key Laboratory of the Petroleum Resources and Prospecting(Grant No.PRPDX2008-01)
文摘Condensates and light oils are generally characterized by high maturity, low concentration of sterane and terpane biomarkers and low content of non-hydrocarbon fraction. As a result, some commonly-used sterane, terpane and carbazole migration parameters in conventional oil reservoirs may have a certain limitation in condensate and light oil reservoirs for their poor signal-noise ratios in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Naphthalene, phenanthrene and their methylated substituents, however, are present in significant concentrations in condensates and light oils. Taking the Fushan depression （in the Beibuwan Basin, Northern South China Sea） as an example, this paper attempts for the first time to use polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH）-related parameters to trace migration directions and filling pathways for condensate and light oil reservoirs. The result shows that TMNr （i.e. 1, 3, 7-TMN/（1, 3, 7-TMN ＋ 1, 2, 5-TMN）, TMN： trimethylnaphthalene））, MPI-1 （i.e. 1.5×（2-MP ＋ 3-MP）/（P ＋ 1-MP ＋ 9-MP）, P： phenanthrene MP： methyiphenanthrene）, MN/DMN （∑methylnaphthalene/∑dimethylnaphthalene, %） and MN/TMN （∑nethylnaphthalene/∑trimethylna- phthalene, %） can be used to trace the filling pathways of condensate and light oil reservoirs. These parameters, together with geological consideration and other bulk oil properties （e.g. the gas to oil ratio and density）, suggest that the condensates and light oils in the Huachang oil and gas field are mainly sourced from the Bailian sag that is located to the northeast of the Huachang uplift in the Fushan depression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31660368, 31560347 and 31360315)the Technology Innovation of Oil Crops Breeding and Innovation Team of New Cultivars Breeding (2017GAAS22)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Plan Project of Gansu Province (17ZD2NA016-3)the China Agriculture Research System of Construct Special (CARS-17-GW04, CARS-17-GW-09)
文摘Crop yield is primarily seed-filling-limited in production system under field conditions.This study was aimed to determine whether seed filling traits of oil flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)could be controlled by phosphorus(P),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus and nitrogen(NP)supply.Effects on seed filling traits were investigated in 2 years including capsule diameter,capsule height,capsule dry matter(DM),seed DM per capsule,pericarp DM per capsule,protein content and oil content.DM translocation from pericarps to seed,translocation efficiency,and contribution of photoassimilates during seed filling period were also detected.In a randomized complete block design,cultivar'Longyaza 1'was grown under P(33 kg P/ha),N(75 kg N/ha),and NP(33 kg P/ha and 75 kg N/ha)along with a zerofertilizer(CK)treatment in 2013 and 2014.Results suggested that DM translocation efficiency and contribution efficiency increased to different extent due to P,N or NP application.At 42 DAA(days after anthesis),seed DM per capsule reached the greatest,while protein content and pericarp DM obtained the least level.However,the highest oil content was detected at 35 DAA.A significant positive linear relationship was observed between seed DM,capsule DM and DM translocation in both years.Protein content showed inconsistent relation with oil content.The results indicated that appropriate N and P management could be an effective approach to increase oil flax production.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41272158)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.PRP/open-1503)
文摘Geochemical analysis of 64 oils sampled from an Ordovician carbonate reservoir in the Tuoputai region was undertaken to study the composition of molecular markers. All the oils have similar geochemical characteristics and belong to a single oil family. They are presumed to derive from the same source kitchen and have similar oil charging history. A histogram of homogenization temperatures(Th) of aqueous inclusions in reservoir rocks shows a bimodal distribution pattern, indicating that the Ordovician reservoir has been charged twice. Coupling the measured Th(°C) with the burial and geothermal histories reconstructed using 1D basin modeling, we relate the homogenization temperature to the relevant geological ages: i.e.,425–412 and 9–4 Ma, corresponding to the Middle to Late Silurian and the Miocene to Pliocene, respectively. The oil filling orientation and pathways are traced using molecular indicators related to alkyldibenzothiophenes and benzo[b]naphthothiophenes. The oil charging orientation is from south to north generally. It can be predicted that the Ordovician reservoirs were sourced from a kitchen located to the south of the Tuoputai region, most probably between the Awati and Manjiaer Depressions. Traps located in the southern side of the Tuoputai region, along the oil charging pathways, should therefore be preferred oil exploration targets.
