Simulation and Experiment of Double Grits Interacting Scratch for Optical Glass BK7

The elastic-plastic transition regime and brittle-ductile transition regime in scratch process for optical glass BK7 were analyzed based on the Hertzian equation and the stress ratio theory which was proposed by Wei. The interacting scratch process for optical glass BK7 with the grit interval distance as the variable was simulated by the ABAQUS software of finite element simulation based on the energy fracture theory. Double grits interacting scratch test for optical glass BK7 was carried out on the DMG ULTRASONIC 70-5 linear, by which the reliability of finite element simulation was verified. The surface morphology of the workpiece was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, which showed that the width of groove increased obviously with the increase of scratch depth and the grit interval distance. Results of the width of groove were consistent with the simulation results. The subsurface damage layer was analyzed by the method of HF acid etching, which showed that there was an area of cracks intersecting. The scratching force was measured by the threedimensional dynamometer of KISTLER, which showed that the second scratching force increased with the increase of scratching depth and the grit interval distance. The force in the second scratch was smaller than that in the first time, which was consistent with the Griffith fracture theory.

Enhancement of optical emission generated from femtosecond double-pulse laser-induced glass plasma at different sample temperatures in air

In double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(DP-LIBS), the collinear femtosecond double-pulse laser configuration is experimentally investigated with different initial sample temperatures using a Ti:sapphire laser. The glass sample is ablated to produce the plasma spectroscopy. During the experiment, the detected spectral lines include two Na(I) lines(589.0 nm and 589.6 nm) and one Ca(I) line at the wavelength of 585.7 nm. The emission lines are measured at room temperature(22 ℃) and three higher initial sample temperatures(T_s?=?100 ℃, 200 ℃, and 250 ℃). The inter-pulse delay time ranges from-250 ps to 250 ps.The inter-pulse delay time and the sample temperature strongly influence the spectral intensity,and the spectral intensity can be significantly enhanced by increasing the sample temperature and selecting the optimized inter-pulse time. For the same inter-pulse time of 0 ps(single-pulse LIBS), the enhancement ratio is approximately 2.5 at T_s?=?200 ℃ compared with that obtained at T_s?=?22 ℃. For the same inter-pulse time of 150 ps, the enhancement ratio can be up to 4 at T_s?=?200 ℃ compared with that obtained at T_s?=?22 ℃. The combined enhancement effects of the different initial sample temperatures and the double-pulse configuration in femtosecond LIBS are much stronger than that of the different initial sample temperatures or the double-pulse configuration only.

Optimized Simulation Design of Double Glass Curtain Wall Shading System in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone

The glass curtain wall is widely favored by the owners for its good appearance modeling efthct. In using process, however, excessive energy consumption, low level indoor eomtort and other problems of glass curtain wall are often exposed. Aiming at office buildings in hot Summer and cold Winter zone, taking the optimization of thermal comfort of double glass curtain wall in the summer and the reduetion of building energy consumption throughout the year as the breakthrough point, using the method of energy simulation analysis, through changing the size of internal shading component in the simulated room, this paper analyzes and summarizes the variation law of its energy consumption value, to explore the relatively reasonable design plan of shading systems of the building with glass curtain wall.

Preparation and Characterization of CeO_2-TiO_2/SnO_2:Sb Films Deposited on Glass Substrates by R.F.Sputtering

CeO2-TiO2 films and CeO2-TiO/SnO2：Sb （6 mol%） double films were deposited on glass substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering （R.F. Sputtering）, using SnO2：Sb（6 mol%） target, and CeO2- TiO2 targets with different molar ratio of CeO2 to TiO2 （CeO2：TiO2-0：1.0; 0.1：0.9; 0.2：0.8; 0.3：0.7; 0.4：0.6; 0.5：0.5; 0.6：0.4; 0.7：0.3; 0.8：0.2; 0.9：0.1; 1.0：0）. The films are characterized by UV-visible transmission and infrared reflection spectra, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）, respectively. The obtained results show that the amorphous phases composed of CeO2-TiO2 play an important role in absorbing UV, there are Ce^3-, Ce^4- and Ti^4- on the surface of the films; the glass substrates coated with CeO2-TiO2 （Ce/Ti=0.5：0.5; 0.6：0.4）/SnO2：Sb（6 mol%） double films show high absorbing UV（〉99）, high visible light transmission （75%） and good infrared reflection （〉70%）. The sheet resistance of the films is 30-50 Ω/□. The glass substrates coated with the double functional films can be used as window glass of buildings, automobile and so on.

Ultraviolet-shielding and conductive double functional films coated on glass substrates by sol-gel process

Ultraviolet-shielding and conductive double functional films were composed of CeO2-TiO2 film and SnO2:Sb film deposited on glass substrates using sol-gel process.Ce(NO3)3·6H2O and Ti(C4H9O4),SnCl4 and SbCl3 were used as precursors of the two different functional films respectively.The CeO2-TiO2 films were deposited on glass substrates by sol-gel dip coating method,and then the SnO2:Sb films with different thickness were deposited on the pre-coated CeO2-TiO2 thin film glass substrates,finally,the substrates coated with double functional films were annealed at different temperatures.The optical and electrical properties of the CeO2-TiO2 films and the double films were measured by UV-Vis spectrometer and four probe resistance measuring instrument.The crystal structures and surface morphology of the films were characterized using XRD and optical microscope,respectively.The obtained results show that the ultraviolet-shielding rate of the glass substrates with CeO2-TiO2 films is not less than 90%,and transmittance in visible lights can reach 65%.With the thickness of the SnO2:Sb film increasing,its conductivity became better,and the surface resistance is about 260 Ω/ when the SnO2:Sb films were deposited 11 cycles of the dip on the pre-coated CeO2-TiO2 glass.The ultraviolet-shielding rate of the glass substrates with double functional films is higher than 97%,and the peak transmittance in the visible lights is 72%.Additionally,with increasing the heat treatment time,the Na+ of the glass substrates diffuses into the films,resulting in the particle size of SnO2 crystal smaller.

Polycaprolactone strengthening keratin/ bioactive glass composite scaffolds with double cross-linking networks for potential application in bone repair

In this study, we aimed at constructing polycaprolactone (PCL) reinforced keratin/bioactive glass composite scaffolds with a double cross-linking network structure for potential bone repair application. Thus, the PCL-keratin-BG com-posite scaffold was prepared by using keratin extracted from wool as main organic component and bioactive glass (BG) as main inorganic component, through both cross-linking systems, such as the thiol-ene click reaction between abundant sulfhydryl groups of keratin and the unsaturated double bond of 3-methacryloxy propyltrimethoxy silane (MPTS), and the amino-epoxy reaction between amino groups of keratin and the epoxy group in (3-glycidoxymethyl) methyldiethoxysilane (GPTMS) molecule, along with introduction of PCL as a reinforcing agent. The success of the thiol-ene reaction was verified by the FTIR and 1H-NMR analyses. And the structure of keratin-BG and PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffolds were studied and compared by the FTIR and XRD characterization, which indicated the successful preparation of the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold. In addition, the SEM observation, and contact angle and water absorption rate measurements demonstrated that the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold has interconnected porous structure, appropriate pore size and good hydrophilicity, which is helpful to cell adhesion, differentiation and prolifera-tion. Importantly, compression experiments showed that, when compared with the keratin-BG composite scaffold, the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold increased greatly from 0.91 ± 0.06 MPa and 7.25 ± 1.7 MPa to 1.58 ± 0.21 MPa and 14.14 ± 1.95 MPa, respectively, which suggesting the strong reinforcement of polycaprolactone. In addition, the biomineralization experiment and MTT assay indicated that the PCL-keratin-BG scaffold has good mineralization abil-ity and no-cytotoxicity, which can promote cell adhesion, proliferation and growth. Therefore, the results suggested that the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold has the potential as a candidate for application in bone regeneration field.

寒冷地区自然通风型光伏双层皮幕墙全年节能特性研究

针对寒冷地区普通双层中空玻璃幕墙、自然通风型透明双层皮幕墙(CG-DSF)和半透明光伏双层皮幕墙(PV-DSF)进行了全年建筑能耗分析,利用Energyplus软件对建筑供冷、供热、照明能耗及光伏产能情况进行模拟,并分析了新型PV-DSF幕墙结构的节能潜力.首先通过实验测量结果验证了传热模型、通风模型、发电模型和光照模型的可靠性;然后利用双层幕墙自然通风的功能,分别设定合理的通风模式进行全年能耗模拟.结果表明,相比于普通中空玻璃幕墙,CG-DSF及PV-DSF均可以降低建筑全年的空调能耗,其空调能耗分别为普通中空玻璃幕墙的60%和52%左右.耦合碲化镉半透明光伏玻璃的PV-DSF夏季供冷能耗显著降低,其年光伏发电量约为50.68 kW·h/m^(2),虽然其供热和照明能耗有所增加,但其全年总净能耗最低,比普通中空玻璃幕墙降低了46%,表现出优异的建筑节能潜力.

Polycaprolactone strengthening keratin/bioactive glass composite scaffolds with double cross-linking networks for potential application in bone repair

In this study,we aimed at constructing polycaprolactone(PCL)reinforced keratin/bioactive glass composite scaffolds with a double cross-linking network structure for potential bone repair application.Thus,the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold was prepared by using keratin extracted from wool as main organic component and bioactive glass(BG)as main inorganic component,through both cross-linking systems,such as the thiol-ene click reaction between abundant sulfhydryl groups of keratin and the unsaturated double bond of 3-methacryloxy propyltrimethoxy silane(MPTS),and the amino-epoxy reaction between amino groups of keratin and the epoxy group in(3-glycidoxymethyl)methyldiethoxysilane(GPTMS)molecule,along with introduction of PCL as a reinforcing agent.The success of the thiol-ene reaction was verified by the FTIR and 1H-NMR analyses.And the structure of keratin-BG and PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffolds were studied and compared by the FTIR and XRD characterization,which indicated the successful preparation of the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold.In addition,the SEM observation,and contact angle and water absorption rate measurements demonstrated that the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold has interconnected porous structure,appropriate pore size and good hydrophilicity,which is helpful to cell adhesion,differentiation and proliferation.Importantly,compression experiments showed that,when compared with the keratin-BG composite scaffold,the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold increased greatly from 0.91±0.06 MPa and 7.25±1.7 MPa to 1.58±0.21 MPa and 14.14±1.95 MPa,respectively,which suggesting the strong reinforcement of polycaprolactone.In addition,the biomineralization experiment and MTT assay indicated that the PCL-keratin-BG scaffold has good mineralization ability and no-cytotoxicity,which can promote cell adhesion,proliferation and growth.Therefore,the results suggested that the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold has the potential as a candidate for application in bone regeneration field.

膜层结构对光伏镀膜玻璃的影响研究

为更好地分析和评估膜层结构对光伏镀膜玻璃的影响,对采用不同厚度、不同膜层结构的光伏镀膜玻璃的光学性能、膜层铅笔硬度、膜层微观结构进行了对比,分析了不同类型环境老化试验对光伏镀膜玻璃性能的影响,并研究了不同膜层结构对光伏镀膜玻璃性能的影响机理。研究结果表明:在光伏玻璃表面镀减反射膜能有效提升其光学性能,在380~1100 nm波段,相较于3.2 mm光伏玻璃原片,3.2 mm单层和双层镀膜玻璃的平均太阳光有效透射比增益分别为2.27%和2.50%;光伏镀膜玻璃的光学性能受膜层结构、膜层厚度及膜层孔隙率的影响,单层镀膜及双层镀膜表层膜孔隙率均约为49%,双层镀膜底层膜的孔隙率约为12%;双层镀膜玻璃的膜层铅笔硬度比单层镀膜玻璃的低,主要是因为表层膜的Si—O—Si网络结构建立在底层膜的网络结构上,表层膜与底层膜之间的结合力低于网络结构与玻璃基体之间的结合力;双层镀膜玻璃由于有1层致密底层膜,能有效阻隔水汽及污染物与玻璃基体发生反应,使其具有更好的耐环境老化性能。

柔性光伏支架场景下双面双玻光伏组件隐裂风险的实验研究

针对柔性光伏支架(下文简称为“柔性支架”)的结构响应导致双面双玻光伏组件产生隐裂的风险进行评估,首先介绍了柔性支架的结构响应及光伏组件隐裂判定标准,然后选择最适合在柔性支架场景下应用的主流双面双玻光伏组件作为实验对象,设计了可复现柔性支架结构响应工况的振动台,构建了柔性支架的结构响应与双面双玻光伏组件隐裂之间关系的实验模型;针对整体振动、翻转振动和扭曲振动3种工况下不同振动幅度、振动频率、振动次数的双面双玻光伏组件的隐裂情况进行实验分析,对柔性支架场景下实验工况与自然环境极端风荷载实际工况时双面双玻光伏组件的振动情况进行了对比,并验证了双面双玻光伏组件在全寿命周期内不发生隐裂的可靠性。研究结果表明:自然环境极端风荷载实际工况下,在柔性支架本身结构及光伏组件的边框结构不发生破坏的前提下,双面双玻光伏组件在全寿命周期内不会发生隐裂。

某双层球壳玻璃穹顶结构设计分析

壳体结构玻璃幕墙具有外形美观、采光环境好、空间大的优点,在工程上受到广泛应用。一般幕墙结构的跨度相对较小,而双层球壳玻璃穹顶具有自重轻、跨度大、造型优美等特点,以某双层球壳玻璃穹顶工程案例作为研究对象,采用3D3S软件分析不同荷载工况下该结构的安全性,并提出穹顶玻璃的设计要点。研究结果表明:在不同荷载工况下,穹顶结构的最大应力比为0.82,最大竖向位移为13.0mm,具有良好的安全储备空间;在长期、短期风荷载作用下,穹顶玻璃应力、变形均较小,满足设计要求;从穹顶玻璃的做法角度上看,点爪式幕墙具有通透性高、安全性好、灵活性强、环保节能等特点,能够保证在造型美观的前提下,节省造价、便利施工,具有良好的经济效益。

酯硬化水玻璃砂+酯硬化碱酚醛树脂砂“双砂”造型技术创新与实践

针对公司新上马的酯硬化水玻璃砂铸钢造型生产线初始的酯硬化水玻璃砂造型工艺生产部分厚大合金钢、低碳合金钢及高锰钢铸件表面存在的气孔、皱皮、气痕、冷隔和粘砂铸造缺陷,在原湿型水玻璃砂面、背砂工艺生产铸钢件的启发下,在新上马的酯硬化水玻璃砂铸钢造型生产线通过实施“酯硬化碱酚醛树脂砂面砂+酯硬化水玻璃砂背砂”“双砂”造型的工艺创新,较好地解决了初始酯硬化水玻璃“单一砂”造型工艺生产厚大铸钢件存在的问题,发挥了酯硬化水玻璃砂与酯硬化碱酚醛树脂砂两种型砂各自的工艺优势,为公司新上马的酯硬化水玻璃砂铸钢造型生产线提升铸件质量奠定了坚实的基础。

空冷型光伏双层窗在华东地区的热性能模拟分析

从实际制作工艺出发,设计空冷型光伏双层窗,建立理论模型。以合肥为例,对华东地区的办公室进行了性能模拟并与普通光伏窗和中空型光伏双层窗进行了对比分析。结果表明:虽然在冬季采暖季节,空冷型光伏双层窗得热量低于单层光伏窗和中空型光伏双层窗,但是相比于单层光伏窗和中空型光伏双层窗,空冷型光伏双层窗更加能够有效地抑制夏季室内得热,减少了夏季室内冷负荷,分析结果将为光伏电池在建筑窗体上的应用提供参考依据。

双基推进剂的玻璃化温度

评述了双基推进剂的分子结构松弛和玻璃化转变过程,简介了玻璃化转变过程的检测方法,分析了影响双基推进剂玻璃化温度测定的主要因素。提出以动态热机械分析(DM A)测定的α松弛tanδ峰温为双基推进剂玻璃化温度的建议。

碱激发-工业废渣双液注浆材料性能研究

利用工业废渣(矿渣、钢渣、粉煤灰)和水玻璃制备出具有不同凝胶时间(3～300 s)、高固结强度(～25 MPa)和结石率可达100%的双液注浆材料,使工业废渣再生资源化,并减少灌浆水泥的消耗量,为注浆材料的“绿色”和高性能化提供了一种选择.研究结果表明:随着水玻璃模数的增加,浆液凝胶时间先减小后增大,浆液固结强度先增大后减小;随着水玻璃掺量(体积分数)的增加,浆液凝胶时间保持延长趋势,而固结强度则先增大后减小;随着粉煤灰的加入,浆液凝胶时间延长.当工业废渣双掺或三掺时,无水泥熟料注浆材料体系较单掺工业废渣无水泥熟料注浆材料体系具有更合理的颗粒级配效应和更高的固结强度.

柔索驱动的玻璃幕墙清洗机器人研制及实验研究

玻璃幕墙由于保温防潮性能好、实用美观,在城市建筑物中被广泛采用。但是目前对于玻璃幕墙的清洗,还主要是采用人工吊篮作业,工人劳动强度大、危险性高、效率低。受蜘蛛在空中拉动吐丝实现移动的启发,研制了一种由2根柔索驱动的玻璃幕墙清洗机器人。介绍了机器人的基本结构组成,设计了采用蜗杆减速器实现自锁保护功能、多槽主从动辊轮增大绳索摩擦力的机器人驱动部分,由储水罐、控制阀、喷头、清洗刷组成的清洗部分,以及由旋翼实现的机器人墙壁吸附部分。进行了机器人的工作空间计算、机器人运动时柔索收放控制分析和旋翼工作时机器人的受力分析。最后基于双柔索驱动的玻璃幕墙清洗机器人模型样机,进行了沿给定轨迹移动的实验和清洗实验。实验证明机器人满足了设计功能,达到了满意的清洗效果,结果验证了该模型样机的有效性和实用性。

风荷载作用下中空幕墙玻璃的非线性弯曲

采用双模量弹性理论研究外荷载作用下中空幕墙玻璃的非线性弯曲问题,建立幕墙玻璃在外荷载作用下非线性弯曲的变形微分方程。将梁函数作为中空幕墙玻璃的非线性弯曲时挠度函数,用加权残值法求得中空幕墙玻璃非线性弯曲时的中心挠度,并将双模量弹性理论计算结果、单模量弹性理论计算结果与有限元计算结果进行比较。研究结果表明:双模量弹性理论计算结果是可靠的。

基于CCD技术的浮法玻璃厚度测量系统的研究

针对传统厚度测量方法的弊端,研制一套非接触式、在线厚度检测系统。实际考察浮法玻璃生产线生产环境和工艺流程,确定合理的测量位置,针对现场测量环境提出了激光二极管-电荷耦合器件(LD-CCD)进行在线检测的方法。该方法采用激光二次折射、反射原理对玻璃进行非接触测量。选用TCD1500C线阵CCD,玻璃厚度测量的分辨率可达8.2μm.设计了基于单片机的CCD驱动信号产生电路和CCD视频信号处理电路。该系统测量精度高,性能可靠,具有很好的工程实用性。

双包覆空心玻璃微珠制备金色隔热涂料

目的制备着色型空心玻璃微珠,从而减少涂料制备过程中有色颜料的加入,达到提高深色系涂料太阳热反射率的效果.方法通过双覆层包膜法对空心玻璃微珠表面进行双层覆膜,首层为光泽度较高的TiO2薄膜,二层为Fe2O3膜,属于有色物质膜,制备着色型空心玻璃微珠,并对比其与包覆前空心玻璃微珠的性能,对涂料配方进行优化.结果双包覆空心玻璃微珠的添加量在10%～15%时制得的涂料反射率最高,与没有添加空心微珠的试样涂料相比,可提高17%左右;m(双包覆空心微珠)∶m(金红石型钛白粉)∶m(中铬黄)=12∶9∶0.2的比例制备金色涂料效果较好,太阳光反射比高达87.1%.结论分离后再包覆Fe2O3的方法其样品色泽及分散稳定性更好,Fe2O3包覆层可吸收部分入射光,TiO2包覆层可散射入射光,以此空心玻璃微珠制备隔热涂料能显著提高涂料的热反射率,并改善涂料的耐老化性及耐水性.

短玻纤增强聚丙烯注射充模过程的数值模拟

通过对玻纤增强聚丙烯注射充模阶段纤维取向的研究,考虑流场和纤维取向的相互作用,基于连续介质力学理论,建立了耦合有纤维取向的薄壁制品注射充模阶段的双尺度模型,并使用有限元/有限差分/控制体积法对控制方程组进行了求解,预测结果与实际基本符合。