Mapping QTLs with epistatic effects and QTL×environment interactions for plant height using a doubled haploid population in cultivated wheat

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for plant height in wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） were studied using a set of 168 doubled haploid （DH） lines, which were derived from the cross Huapei 3/Yumai 57. A genetic linkage map was constructed using 283 SSR and 22 EST-SSR markers. The DH population and the parents were evaluated for wheat plant height in 2005 and 2006 in Tai＇an and 2006 in Suzhou. QTL analyses were performed using the software of QTLNetwork version 2.0 based on the mixed linear model. Four additive QTLs and five pairs of epistatic effects were detected, which were distributed on chromosomes 3A, 4B, 4D, 5A, 6A, 7B, and 7D. Among them, three additive QTLs and three pairs of epistatic QTLs showed QTL×environment interactions （QEs）. Two major QTLs, Qph4B and Qph4D, which accounted for 14.51% and 20.22% of the phenotypic variation, were located similar to the reported locations of the dwarfing genes Rhtl and Rht2, respectively. The Qph3A-2 with additive effect was not reported in previous linkage mapping studies. The total QTL effects detected for the plant height explained 85.04% of the phenotypic variation, with additive effects 46.07%, epistatic effects 19.89%, and QEs 19.09%. The results showed that both additive effects and epistatic effects were important genetic bases of wheat plant height, which were subjected to environmental modifications, and caused dramatic changes in phenotypic effects. The information obtained in this study will be useful for manipulating the QTLs for wheat plant height by molecular marker-assisted selection （MAS）.

DOUBLE SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS AND EXTRACTION KINETICS OF A MICELLE MIXED EXTRACTANT SYSTEM I DOUBLE(KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC)SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS AND EXTRACTION MECHANISMS

The equilibria and kinetic characteristics of a micelle mixed extractant system-D2 EHPA-MPA（MPA-monoalkyl phosphoric acid with long carbon chain and micellization）in extractionof the Al3+ions were studied.It was found that the system has double synergistic effects on theextraction of the Al3+ions.The compositions of the synergistic complexes were determined andthe synergistic reaction equations were obtained.

Curvature effects on electric-double-layer capacitance

Understanding the microscopic structure and thermodynamic properties of electrode/electrolyte interfaces is central to the rational design of electric-double-layer capacitors(EDLCs).Whereas practical applications often entail electrodes with complicated pore structures,theoretical studies are mostly restricted to EDLCs of simple geometry such as planar or slit pores ignoring the curvature effects of the electrode surface.Significant gaps exist regarding the EDLC performance and the interfacial structure.Herein the classical density functional theory(CDFT)is used to study the capacitance and interfacial behavior of spherical electric double layers within a coarse-grained model.The capacitive performance is associated with electrode curvature,surface potential,and electrolyte concentration and can be correlated with a regression-tree(RT)model.The combination of CDFT with machine-learning methods provides a promising quantitative framework useful for the computational screening of porous electrodes and novel electrolytes.

Cross-diffusive effects on the onset of double-diffusive convection in a horizontal saturated porous fluid layer heated and salted from above

Double-diffusive stationary and oscillatory instabilities at the marginal state in a saturated porous horizontal fluid layer heated and salted from above are investigated theoretically under the Darcy＇s framework for a porous medium. The contributions of Soret and Dufour coefficients are taken into account in the analysis. Linear stability analysis shows that the critical value of the Darcy-Rayleigh number depends on cross-diffusive parameters at marginally stationary convec- tion, while the marginal state characterized by oscillatory convection does not depend on the cross-diffusion terms even if the condition and frequency of oscillatory convection depends on the cross-diffusive parameters. The critical value of the Darcy-Rayleigh number increases with increasing value of the solutal Darcy-Rayleigh number in the absence of cross- diffusive parameters. The critical Darcy-Rayleigh number decreases with increasing Soret number, resulting in destabiliza- tion of the system, while its value increases with increasing Dufour number, resulting in stabilization of the system at the marginal state characterized by stationary convection. The analysis reveals that the Dufour and Soret parameters as well as the porosity parameter play an important role in deciding the type of instability at the onset. This analysis also indicates that the stationary convection is followed by the oscillatory convection for certain fluid mixtures. It is interesting to note that the roles of cross-diffusive parameters on the double-diffusive system heated and salted from above are reciprocal to the double-diffusive system heated and salted from below.

Quantum Dynamics Calculations on Isotope Effects of Hydrogen Transfer Isomerization in Formic Acid Dimer

We present a quantum dynamics study on the isotope effects of hydro-gen transfer isomerization in the formic acid dimer,and this is achieved by multidimensional dy-namics calculations with an efficient quantum mechanical theoretical scheme developed by our group,on a full-dimensional neural network ab initio potential energy surface.The ground-state and fundamental tun-neling splittings for four deuterium isotopologues of formic acid dimer are considered,and the calculated results are in very good general agreement with the avail-able experimental measurements.Strong isotope effects are revealed,the mode-specific funda-mental excitation effects on the tunneling rate are evidently influenced by the deuterium sub-stitution of H atom with the substitution on the OH bond being more effective than on the CH bond.Our studies are helpful for acquiring a better understanding of isotope effects in the double-hydrogen transfer processes.

Effect of cyclotron resonance on ‘hot’ dispersion in a staggered double metallic grating sheet beam travelling wave tube

Based on the beam wave synchronous interaction in transverse and longitudinal directions at the same time and starting from Maxwell’s equation and linear Vlasov equation, the beam–wave interaction ‘hot’ dispersion equation considering both cyclotron resonance and Cherenkov resonance in a staggered double metallic grating traveling wave tube is deduced.Through the reasonable selection for geometric and electrical parameters, the numerical calculation and analysis of the ‘hot’ dispersion equation shows that the beam–wave interaction gain and frequency band with the cyclotron resonance enhancement effect are higher than those with only Cherenkov resonance radiation.

Exergy Analysis of a Double-Effect Solar Absorption Refrigeration System in Ngaoundere

Solar energy is replacing more and more traditional sources of energy because of the fact that it’s also fighting about global warming. This study is based on exergy analysis of a double-effect series flow absorption refrigeration system powered by solar energy in Ngaoundere. The simulation is done on the basis of a half hourly analysis for the first time, from 6.30 AM to 6.30 PM, using water-lithium bromide as working pair. The main parameters for the performance of an absorption cycle, which are the COP and the ECOP, have been analyzed and the results show that this two parameters increase while increasing the temperature of the main generator. The exergy loss of each component of the system and the total exergy loss of the system have been analyzed and their effectiveness calculated, using the first and second law of thermodynamics. The highest exergy loss occurs in the main generator GI and in the absorber, making these components more important in an absorption cycle. This analysis is based on a mathematical model using FORTRAN?language. The results obtained may be useful for the optimization of solar absorption refrigeration systems.

Competition between Band Filling and Steric Effect in Ordered Double Perovskites Sr_(2-x)La_xMnMoO_6

The ordered double perovskites, Sr2-xLaxMnMoO6, were prepared by sol-gel reaction. Structural, magnetic, and electrical properties were investigated for a series of ordered double perovskites Sr2- x Lax MnMoO6 （0 ≤ x ≤ 1 ）. The compounds have a monoclinic structure （space group P21/n） and the cell volume expands monotonically with La doping. The Tc and the magnetic moment rise and the cusp-like transition temperature below which the magnetic frustration occurs shifts to high temperature as x increases. With La doping, electrical resistivity of Sr2-x LaxMnMoO6 decreases only at low doping levels （x ≤0.2）; while at high doping levels （0.8≤x ≤1）, electrical resistivity tends to increase greatly. The resuits suggest that the competition between band filling effect and steric effect coexists in the whole doping range, and the formation of ferrimagnetic interactions is not simply at the expense of antiferromagnetic interactions.

Cerebroprotective effect of Huanglian Jiedu decoction on amyloid protein precursor/presenilin-1 double transgenic mice

Huanglian Jiedu decoction （HLJDD） has been shown to improve cerebral blood flow, and reduce lipid peroxidation damage to the brain and its energy metabolism. The present study was designed to observe the cerebroprotective effect of HL.JDD on an Alzheimer＇s disease rodent model, presenilin-1/amyloid protein precursor double transgenic mice. HLJDD reduced serum interleukin-6 and interleukin-113 levels, decreased [3-amyloid precursor protein gene and senile plaque expression, resisted oxidation, and reduced free radical-induced injury, thereby improving the learning and memory of these mice. Moreover, HLJDD at 433 mg/kg per day exhibited better effects compared with that at 865 or 216 mg/kg per day, and donepezil hydrochloride at 30 mg/kg per day. Thus, these results suggest that HLJDD may have protective effects against Alzheimer＇s disease.

A Simulation Study of Hall Effect on Double Tearing Modes

A Hall magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） simulation is carried out to study the dynamic process of double tearing mode. The results indicated that the growth rates in the earlier nonlinear and transition phases agree with the previous results. With further development of reconnection, the current sheet thickness is much smaller than the ion inertia length, which leads to a strong influence of the Hall effects. As a result, the reconnection in the late nonlinear phase exhibits an explosive nature with a time scale nearly independent of resistivity. A localized and severely intensified current density is observed and the maximum kinetic energy is over one order of magnitude higher in Hall MHD than that in resistive MHD.

Effective Two-State Model and NOON States for Double-Well Bose-Einstein Condensates in Strong-Interaction Regime

The model of double-well Bose-Einstein condensates in the strong-interaction regime is shown to reduceadiabatically to an effective two-state model describing the Rabi oscillations between the two atomic Fock states |N,0〉and |0,N〉,and the NOON states of arbitrary ultracold atoms can therefore be generated periodically from the initialstate of either one of the Fock states.

Improved double-gate armchair silicene nanoribbon field-effect-transistor at large transport bandgap

The electrical characteristics of a double-gate armchair silicene nanoribbon field-effect-transistor （DG ASiNR FET） are thoroughly investigated by using a ballistic quantum transport model based on non-equilibrium Green＇s function （NEGF） approach self-consistently coupled with a three-dimensional （3D） Poisson equation. We evaluate the influence of variation in uniaxial tensile strain, ribbon temperature and oxide thickness on the on-off current ratio, subthreshold swing, transconductance and the delay time of a 12-nm-length ultranarrow ASiNR FET. A novel two-parameter strain mag- nitude and temperature-dependent model is presented for designing an optimized device possessing balanced amelioration of all the electrical parameters. We demonstrate that employing HfO2 as the gate insulator can be a favorable choice and simultaneous use of it with proper combination of temperature and strain magnitude can achieve better device performance. Furthermore, a general model power （GMP） is derived which explicitly provides the electron effective mass as a function of the bandgap of a hydrogen passivated ASiNR under strain.

Effect of activation temperature on the properties of double layer capacitance of diatomite-templated carbon

1 Introduction In recent years porous carbons have been widely used in many fields such as energy storage(Mc Creery,2008;Liu et al,2009;Ho et al,2014;Yang et al,2015),adsorption,wastewater treatment,air purification

Effect of Quench Treatment on Fe/Mo Order and Magnetic Properties of Double Perovskite Sr_2FeMoO_6

A quench-treatment technique is used to prepare a high-quality polycrystalline sample of double perovskite Sr2FeMo06 （SFMO）. X-ray powder diffraction analysis reveals that the sample has a single phase and exhibits I4/m symmetry. The cation order η of the sample increases to 98.9（2）% from 94.2（3）%, which is prepared by the traditional sol-gel method. The initial magnetization isotherm of the sample is detected at 300 K. Unit-cell magnetization for the current sample is 1.332 #s at 300 K, and the one for the traditional sol-gel method sample is 0.946#9. Unit-cell magnetization is enhanced to 40.80% by the quench-treatment technique. Quench treatment is an effective method of enhancing the Fe/Mo order and magnetic properties of double perovskite SFMO.

A STUDY ON THE STRUCTURAL EFFECT OF DOUBLE BRIDGES CONJUGATED SYSTEMS I.CARBONYL-IMINO SYSTEM

The struetural effect of the conjugative system(C)with carbonyl-imino bridges has been studied.The results show that:In the conjugated system(C),there is no electronic absorption peak attributable to the whole system,but there are three π-π* bands each nt which displays chacactecistics of its own independently.These indicate that the two bridges-carbonyl-and-imino-can block the tlanSmlSSion of the conjngative polarization of the whole system,so as to form three segments,this is verified by means of chemical synthesis and degradation.

Fano Effect and Anti-Resonance Band in a Parallel-Coupled Double Quantum Dot System with Two Multi-Quantum Dot Chains

A parallel-coupled double quantum dot （PCDQD） system with two multi-quantum dot chains is designed. Conductance versus Fermi energy level is investigated utilizing the non-equilibrium Green＇s function approach. If two quantum dots are added on each side of the PCDQD system, additional Breit Wigner and Fano resonances occur in the conductance spectra. If quantum dots are added on one side of the system, small Fano resonances can be observed in the conductance spectra. Adjusting the number of side-coupled quantum dots, the anti-resonance bands emerge at different positions, which makes the system applicable as a quantum switching device. Moreover, the I-V characteristic curve presents the step characteristic and the width of the step decreases with increasing the number of side-coupled quantum dots.

The Double-Double Effect of Lanthanide Complexes with Styrene-Acrylic Acid Copolymer

The double-double (or tetrad) effect of low molecular lanthanide complexes has been reportedsince the effect was discovered by Fidelis and Siekierski.However,so far no description concerning thedouble-double effect of macromolecular lanthanide complexes has been published in literature.We have been successful in preparing lanthanide complexes with styrene-acrylic acid copolymer,someof which exhibite high activitiest in butadiene polymerization.It was found that the complexes showedthe double-double effect as they were characterized.In the present paper,the SAAC·Ln IR spectra whichcharacterize the double-double effect have been discussed in detail.

Chimney Effect Assessment of the Double-skin Facade

The mathematic model of heat transfer through ventilated double glazing was verified with the measured data,which were from a test chamber equipped with glass face temperature,solar radiation,ambient temperature,and wind speed measurement facility.After the model validation,the double-skin facade assessment was carried out through simulation with ESP-r software integrating thermal simulation and air low net work module.The air flow situation in the air gap was analyzed on the basis of the hourly air velocity simulation data within typical winter week,summer week,spring week and autumn week.The differences of chimney effect in different seasons were discussed,and the thermal loads resulted from the ventilated and unventilated double skin facade were presented.

Post-Gaussian Effective Potential of Double sine-Gordon Field

In the framework of the functional integral formalism, we calculate the effective potential of the double sine-Gordon (DsG) model up to the second order with an optimized expansion and the Coleman's normal-ordering prescription. Within the range of convergence, we make a comparison among the classicaland the effective potential of the first and second order. The numerical analysis shows that the DsG post-Gaussian EP possesses some fine global properties and makes a substantial and a concordant quantum correction to the features of the classical potential.

Tuning the phase separation in La_(0.325)Pr_(0.3)Ca_(0.375)MnO_3 using the electric double-layer field effect

Electric double-layer field effect experiments were performed on ultrathin films of La0.325Pr0.3Ca0.375MnO3, which is noted for its micrometer-scale phase separation. A clear change of resistance up to 220% was observed and the characteristic metal-insulator transition temperature Tp was also shifted. The changes of both the resistance and Tp, suggest that the electric field induced not only tuning of the carrier density but also rebalancing of the phase separation states. The change of the charge-ordered insulating phase fraction was estimated to be temperature dependent, and a maximum of 16% was achieved in the phase separation regime. This tuning effect was partially irreversible, which might be due to an oxygen vacancy migration that is driven by the huge applied electric field.