Mechanical performance of shear studs and application in steel-concrete composite beams

This work experimentally investigates the effects of shear stud characteristics on the interface slippage of steel-concrete composite push-out specimens. ABAQUS is used to establish a detailed 3D finite element(FE) model and analyze the behavior of push-out specimens. The modeling results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Based on parametrical analysis using the validated FE approaches, the effects of important design parameters, such as the diameter, number, length to diameter ratio, and yield strength of studs, concrete strength and steel transverse reinforcement ratio, on the load-slip relationship at the interface of composite beams are discussed. In addition, a simplified approach to model studs is developed using virtual springs with an equivalent stiffness. This approach is demonstrated to be able to predict the load-displacement response and ultimate bearing capacity of steel-concrete composite beams. The predicted results show satisfactory agreement with experimental results from the literature.

Bending Stiffness of Truss-Reinforced Steel-Concrete Composite Beams

This paper is concerned with a special steel-concrete composite beam in which the resisting system is a truss structure whose bottom chord is made of a steel plate supporting the precast floor system. This system works in two distinct phases with two different resisting mechanisms: during the construction phase, the truss structure bears the precast floor system and the resisting system is that of a simply supported steel truss;once the concrete has hardened, the truss structure becomes the reinforcing element of a steel-concrete composite beam, where it is also in a pre-stressed condition due to the loads carried before the hardening of concrete. Within this framework, the effects of the diagonal bars on the bending stiffness of this composite beam are investigated. First, a closed-form solution for the evaluation of the equivalent bending stiffness is derived. Subsequently, the influence of geometrical and mechanical characteristics of shear reinforcement is studied. Finally, results obtained from parametric and numerical analyses are discussed.

Experimental study on seismic behaviors of steel-concrete composite frames

Steel-concrete composite frames are seeing increased use in earthquake region because of their excellent structural characteristics, including high strength, stiffness, and good ductility. However, there exist gaps in the knowledge of seismic behavior and the design provisions for these structures. In order to better understand the seismic behaviors of composite frame systems, eight steel-concrete composite frames were designed. These composite frames were composed of steel-concrete composite beams and concrete filled steel tube columns. The axial compression ratio of column, slenderness ratio and linear stiffness ratio of beam to column were selected as main design parameters. The low reversed cyclic loading tests of composite frame system were carried out. Based on test results, the seismic behaviors of composite frames such as failure mode, hysteresis curve, strength degradation, rigidity degradation, ductility and energy dissipation were studied. Known from the test phenomenon, the main cause of damage is the out-of-plane deformation of steel beam and the yielding destruction of column heel. The hysteretic loops of composite frame appear a spindle shape and no obvious pinch phenomenon. The results demonstrate that this type of composite frame has favorable seismic behaviors. Furthermore, the effects of design parameters on seismic behaviors were also discussed. The results of the experiment show that the different design parameter has different influence rule on seismic behaviors of composite frame.

The Study of Force and the Mechanical Characteristic of Incremental Launching Construction Method on a Steel-Concrete Continuous Beam Bridge

The usage of steel-mixed composite beams is quite extensive today.During an event of constructing steel-mixed composite bridges,the incremental launching construction method is generally adopted.This paper mainly analyzes the force of incremental launching construction on a steel-concrete continuous beam bridge,the classification of incremental launching construction,the application of incremental launching construction in steel-mixed composite beams,the temporary facilities existing in incremental launching construction as well as their existing problems.Lastly,the analysis of the stress of composite beams in incremental launching construction is described by using the reference for the construction of mixed composite continuous beam bridges provided.

3D Nonlinear XFEM Simulation of Delamination in Unidirectional Composite Laminates: A Sensitivity Analysis of Modeling Parameters

This article presents a three-dimensional extended finite element (XFEM) approach for numerical simulation of delamination in unidirectional composites under fracture mode I. A cohesive zone model in front of the crack tip is used to include interface material nonlinearities. To avoid instability during simulations, a critical cohesive zone length is defined such that user-defined XFEM elements are only activated along the crack tip inside this zone. To demonstrate the accuracy of the new approach, XFEM results are compared to a set of benchmark experimental data from the literature as well as conventional FEM, mesh free, and interface element approaches. To evaluate the effect of modeling parameters, a set of sensitivity analyses have also been performed on the penalty stiffness factor, critical cohesive zone length, and mesh size. It has been discussed how the same model can be used for other fracture modes when both opening and contact mechanisms are active.

Ⅱ型截面双层组合梁摩擦型螺栓连接节点弯矩分配系数

为探究Ⅱ型截面双层组合梁摩擦型螺栓连接节点翼缘和腹板的弯矩比,通过对3种腹板螺栓布置形式的Ⅱ型截面双层组合梁连接节点接触面滑移特征和力学传递机理的分析,进行Ⅱ型截面组合梁螺栓连接节点弯矩分配系数研究。结果表明:组合梁摩擦型螺栓连接节点滑移和力学传力过程可分为翼缘外接触面未完全滑移和完全滑移以及翼缘内接触面完全滑移3个阶段;组合梁摩擦型螺栓连接节点接触面承担弯矩与无连接板截面弯矩之和等于该梁截面处的理论弯矩,腹板接触面承担的弯矩主要由其上的水平摩擦力承担;摩擦型螺栓连接节点接触面上的摩擦力随节点滑移而重新分配,腹板螺栓布置形式对连接节点弯矩分配系数影响明显;根据推出的组合梁摩擦型螺栓连接节点的弯矩分配系数计算式所得结果与数值模拟结果吻合良好,最大误差为7.13%,该计算可用于优化螺栓连接设计。

古金赤水河大桥主桥总体设计

古金赤水河大桥主桥为(83.5+173.5+575+173.5+83.5)m半飘浮体系双塔双索面斜拉桥。主梁采用双边主梁断面钢-混组合梁,由工字钢主梁和混凝土桥面板组成,全宽43.8 m,设置裙板抑制主梁涡振。桥塔为下塔柱内收的A形塔,南、北塔塔高分别为217 m和261 m。由于山区超高桥塔塔墩景观效果欠佳,采用超高塔柱无塔墩方案,桥塔采用嵌岩群桩基础;针对山区桥梁养护不便的情况,索塔锚固采用耐候钢钢锚梁;针对剪力钉在拉拔力作用下承载能力降低问题,采用以开孔板连接件为主的钢-混结合构造实现锚梁牛腿壁板与塔壁连接。斜拉索采用公称直径15.20 mm、标准抗拉强度1860 MPa的钢绞线拉索,全桥共4×23对(184根),空间双索面扇形布置。由于斜拉索锚拉板+外置减振阻尼器景观效果不佳,选用全内置减振阻尼器方案。

腹板嵌入式双倒T型钢-混组合梁受弯性能研究

在通过横隔板连接的双倒T型钢腹板上部开槽,并将开槽腹板部分嵌入到混凝土翼板,与底部钢筋共同形成带有榫结构连接的腹板嵌入式双倒T型钢-混组合梁。设计了该试件的受弯性能试验,分析总结了试件的破坏模式,并基于荷载-挠度曲线和应变分布特征等试验结果对其承载力和延性等力学指标进行评估。该梁满足完全抗剪连接,具有良好的整体抗弯性能。根据试验及有限元模拟结果,提出了抗弯承载力设计方法,试验结果与理论计算结果误差为2.7%,结果吻合较好,该理论公式可作为结构设计的依据。

轨道运梁车在宽幅平面双钢箱组合梁运输中的应用

以甘肃省兰州市某公路工程建设项目桥梁工程上部钢-混组合箱梁结构的安装施工为例,通过对宽幅平面双钢箱组合梁安装运输工况进行理论分析,从桥头待架区向已架设桥跨上引出两组钢轨,由三维空间位置可调式运梁装置运输平曲线钢箱组合梁,总结了平曲线宽幅双钢箱组合梁的运输安装施工技术。论文主要从工艺技术原理、施工准备、测量放样、桥头路基段轨道基础施工、轨道铺设及加固、轨道连接、运梁平车运输钢箱梁、箱梁架设等内容对双钢箱组合梁运输技术进行了阐述。

组合梁桥双层单元模型计算方法与验证

钢-混组合梁在进行有限元建模时,关键在于如何有效模拟组合梁,建模方法的选取将直接影响主梁受力与位移的计算精度。为验证双层梁单元是否可以模拟组合梁计算,依托湖北赤壁长江公路大桥工程,以换算单元模型计算结果为基准,使用双层梁单元模拟在不同结构、不同荷载作用位置、不同单元长度、计入混凝土收缩与徐变状态下主梁各部分内力、应力、挠度差值的变化情况。研究结果表明:采用双层梁单元模型进行计算时,各部分内力、应力与换算单元模型计算结果相比,差值较小。建立双层梁单元模型时,单元划分长度、荷载作用截面是决定计算精度的重要因素。若将荷载作用于钢梁单元上,其计算误差更小。结构中计入30年混凝土徐变对计算结果的影响,两个计算模型中的计算方法虽有所不同,但各部分位移差值百分比均较小,计算结果相互吻合。

钢混组合梁斜拉平衡体系顶推施工测控技术

白沙洲快速化改造工程采用钢混组合梁斜拉平衡体系双向顶推施工方法,在施工过程中,钢梁在地面搭设支架后分节段异位拼装,支架上无操作平台,测量定位需要进行无接触测量;在顶推时,斜拉塔架和钢梁形成整体同步顶推前进,监测工作至关重要。本文依托项目,提出使用磁力棱镜代替反射片在顶推施工中进行全过程监测,通过优化坐标系统,使顶推施工过程中钢梁线形数据对比清晰、准确;通过塔梁同步顶推监测方法,对顶推过程进行实时监测,顶推后合龙精度满足规范要求。

双边箱钢-砼组合梁悬索桥气动抑振措施试验分析

钢-砼组合梁由于其良好的力学性能被广泛应用于大跨度桥梁建设中,但作为一种典型的钝体断面,其气动稳定性较差,对风的作用较敏感,易产生涡振现象。依托南镇大桥项目,以双边箱钢-砼组合梁悬索桥为分析背景,采用风洞试验与CFD数值模拟的方法,研究对比单一、组合气动措施,包括封闭栏杆、改变检修车轨道位置、增加导流板、稳定板等,对该主梁原始断面的气动抑振性能进行分析。风洞试验表明,原设计双边箱钢-砼组合梁断面易引发涡振且出现竖弯与扭转耦合双峰涡振。当采用“封闭中央护栏+内移检修车轨道位置”组合气动措施时,可显著降低主梁的涡振振幅,制振效果显著。CFD数值模拟结果表明,双边箱钢-砼组合梁断面的涡振产生与上游边主梁及下游边主梁的涡脱尺寸有关,气动措施打碎涡脱尺寸有利于抑振。

Field validation of UHPC layer in negative moment region of steel-concrete composite continuous girder bridge

Improving the cracking resistance of steel-normal concrete(NC)composite beams in the negative moment region is one of the main tasks in designing continuous composite beam(CCB)bridges due to the low tensile strength of the NC deck at pier supports.This study proposed an innovative structural configuration for the negative bending moment region in a steel-concrete CCB bridge with the aid of ultrahigh performance concrete(UHPC)layer.In order to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of this new UHPC jointed structure in the negative bending moment region,field load testing was conducted on a newly built full-scale bridge.The newly designed structural configuration was described in detail regarding the structural characteristics(cracking resistance,economy,durability,and constructability).In the field investigation,strains on the surface of the concrete bridge deck,rebar,and steel beam in the negative bending moment region,as well as mid-span deflection,were measured under different load cases.Also,a finite element model for the four-span superstructure of the full-scale bridge was established and validated by the field test results.The simulated results in terms of strains and mid-span deflection showed moderate consistency with the test results.This field test and the finite element model results demonstrated that the new configuration with the UHPC layer provided an effective alternative for the negative bending moment region of the composite beam.

GFRP-RPC组合双层交通梁桥的弹性性能试验研究与有限元分析

设计了一种面向双层交通的GFRP-RPC组合梁桥,该梁桥由GFRP材质的两榀桁架及带肋平板通过胶栓混合连接而成,通过浇筑自密实RPC混凝土形成组合梁桥整体。对组合梁桥缩尺模型(1:8)进行多工况的拟静力加载试验和有限元分析,并对其弹性工作性能进行研究。结果表明:浇筑RPC后,梁桥的刚度约提高2.6倍,表明此类GFRP、混凝土组合形式有利于结构合理受力,下部加载时,梁桥变形约增大10%,对结构较不利;弦杆受力符合平截面假定,组合结构受力合理;上、下弦杆分别为压弯、拉弯受力状态,上、下部加载时,下弦杆拉应力分别约为上弦杆的1.5倍和2.5倍,下弦杆为薄弱弦杆;斜腹杆受拉,直腹杆基本呈受压状态,上、下加载方式影响直腹杆的受力形式,下部承载设计时需考虑局部拉、压应力较大的情况;顶板侧面混凝土受压,底板侧面混凝土受拉,腹杆设置有利于板面混凝土均匀受力。

复合荷载作用下坡顶面双排桩设计要素数值模拟

【目的】研究坡顶面承重、阻滑双排桩的受力变形特性,分析桩间距、连梁高度、桩身嵌固深度等因素对桩身受力变形特性的一般影响规律,尤其是反映竖向荷载及桩身自由段长度对桩身水平位移及最大弯矩的影响。【方法】借助ABAQUS有限元软件,通过单变量的变化,模拟双排桩在不同影响因素下的受力变形特性。【结果】滑动面的存在使桩身水平位移及弯矩在桩间距为1d~2d(d为桩径)时发生突变,故在确定桩间距时应注意滑动面产生的影响;连梁高度对桩身受力变形特性的影响微乎其微,按标准取值即可;在滑动面位置桩身嵌固深度对桩身水平位移及弯矩有较大影响,但继续增大桩身嵌固深度后,影响变小,在工程设计中桩身嵌固深度适当超过滑动面即可;当增大桩身自由段长度时,P-Δ效应也更加显著,对于不同的自由段长度,前后排桩桩身的最大弯矩近乎相等。【结论】位于坡顶面的双排桩须承受轴、横向复合荷载,可起到承重、阻滑的双重作用,其承载机理及受力形式较护坡桩更为复杂。本文研究成果可为相关工程设计要素的取值提供一定参考。

沌口长江大桥主桥边跨结合梁施工工艺分析

沌口长江大桥主桥边跨结合梁施工采用先顶推架设钢槽梁,再安装预制混凝土桥面板,最后浇筑湿接缝的整体施工方案。在沌口长江大桥主桥边跨结合梁施工过程中,根据工程特点提出相应施工方案,在开展具体施工任务时,采取了具有较强实用性的技术措施,显著提升了整个工程项目的施工质量和施工效率,从而保证了施工质量,可为类似工程提供经验参考。

双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙-钢梁单边螺栓端板连接节点抗震性能研究

为解决双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙与钢梁难以实现现场免焊装配化连接的问题,提出了一种采用分体垫片式单边螺栓端板连接的装配式节点构造,设计并制作了两个足尺试件进行低周往复加载试验及有限元分析,研究了连接节点的变形机理、破坏形态、承载能力、延性、耗能能力以及刚度退化性能。研究结果表明:根据节点区竖放H型钢翼缘厚度不同,节点破坏模式可分为梁端塑性铰破坏和柱壁破坏;发生梁端塑性铰破坏的节点滞回曲线呈饱满的梭形,表现出良好的抗震性能,柱壁及节点区内填混凝土基本保持完好;发生柱壁破坏的节点表现为螺栓孔周钢板受拉形成圆形屈服面,内填混凝土压溃,承载力较低且刚度退化严重,耗能能力较差,加载后期节点的转角主要源于节点区的转动,该失效模式在设计中应予以避免。

梁上运梁方式对大跨度组合梁受力特性的影响

受限于运输及施工条件,山区桥梁的施工可采用整体预制-梁上运梁-整孔架设的施工方法。为了明确梁上运梁形式对组合梁受力性能的影响,现以江西祁婺高速主跨60 m的大跨度钢混组合梁为背景,建立单幅组合梁的板壳实体有限元模型,计算不同的梁上运梁施工方案下,组合梁主要板件的受力特性,并对比分析梁上运梁的不同形式对施工过程中的组合梁受力的影响。结果表明:最不利工况下,主要受力板件均处于弹性状态,强度满足要求。双车跨双幅形式下,混凝土桥面板的压应力集中更为明显,且跨中截面近护栏侧的悬臂态混凝土受力更为不利。

外包U形钢组合梁与双钢板组合墙连接节点抗震性能试验研究

为了研究不同连接方法对外包U形钢组合梁与双钢板组合墙连接节点性能的影响,设计、制作了3组6个节点试件,完成了梁端加载拟静力试验,分析了试件的破坏形式、荷载、位移、应变等.结果表明,试件破坏位置均为梁端,组合墙无损伤.正向加载时,钢板开裂引起承载力与延性降低,延性系数为1.56~2.12;负向加载则不受此影响,延性系数为2.55~2.79.6个试件的强度退化系数最小值为0.7.正向与负向加载时,分别有94%和97%的组合梁钢腹板达到屈服强度.采用截面塑性方法计算承载力时,试验值与理论值之比为0.88~1.08.设计的6个节点均可有效连接组合梁与组合墙,且采用U形连接板后破坏位置外移,可以更好地保护墙体.

大同市平城街西延双向非对称独塔斜拉桥设计

背景工程为山西省大同市平城街西延主线主桥,该桥跨既有铁路编组站及多股重要铁路线。重点介绍主线特大桥结构设计与计算,采用双向非对称独塔中央索面斜拉桥,跨径布置为(41+50+163)m,塔柱及主梁均为钢混凝土混合结构,为减少对铁路的影响,采用转体施工。经总体静力、局部及动力计算分析,结果表明,该桥结构设计合理,施工安全可靠,可为同类桥梁的设计与施工提供参考和借鉴。