Effect of ankle versus thigh tourniquets on post-operative pain in foot and ankle surgery

BACKGROUND Tourniquets are commonly used in elective extremity orthopaedic surgery to reduce blood loss,improve visualization in the surgical field,and to potentially reduce surgical time.There is a lack of consensus in existing guidelines regarding the optimal tourniquet pressure,placement site,and duration of use.There is a paucity of data on the relationship between the site of a tourniquet and postoperative pain in foot and ankle surgery.AIM To explore the relationship between tourniquet site and intensity of post-operative pain scores in patients undergoing elective foot and ankle surgery.METHODS Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 201 patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery in a single institution was undertaken.Intraoperative tourniquet duration,tourniquet pressure and site,and postoperative pain scores using Visual Analogue Score were collected in immediate recovery,at six hours and at 24 h post-op.Scatter plots were used to analyse the data and to assess for the statistical correlation between tourniquet pressure,duration,site,and pain scores using Pearson correlation coefficient.RESULTS All patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery had tourniquet pressure of 250 mmHg for ankle tourniquet and 300 mmHg for thigh.There was no correlation between the site of the tourniquet and pain scores in recovery,at six hours and after 24 h.There was a weak correlation between tourniquet time and Visual Analogue Score immediately post-op(r=0.14,P=0.04)but not at six or 24 h post-operatively.CONCLUSION This study shows that there was no statistically significant correlation between tourniquet pressure,site and postop pain in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery.The choice of using a tourniquet is based on the surgeon's preference,with the goal of minimizing the duration of its application at the operative site.

The Effect of Uterine Artery Occlusion with Tourniquet on Ovarian Reserve during Open Myomectomy at a University Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Background: The most common surgical treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids, particularly in women with fertility concerns, is open myomectomy. Given the high vascularity of the uterus, haemorrhage during the procedure is a serious risk that is often mitigated with a uterine tourniquet. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the effect of uterine artery occlusion with a tourniquet during open myomectomy on ovarian reserve using serial anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) measurements. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal study with a quasi-experimental design and a convenient sampling technique. The study enrolled 47 women who had abdominal myomectomy between September 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022, at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Blood samples were collected before anaesthesia was administered in theatre, on day two, and three months after open abdominal myomectomy for anti-Mullerian hormone assay. The data was collected using a semi-structured proforma, entered into an Excel spreadsheet, and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 with a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The pre-surgery AMH mean value was 1.67 ± 1.44 ng/ml, while the values after using a uterine tourniquet at myomectomy on the second day and three months later were 1.22 ± 1.24 ng/ml and 1.59 ± 1.43 ng/ml, respectively. There was no statistically significant change in AMH levels, and there was no statistically significant relationship between blood loss and tourniquet time and AMH after open abdominal myomectomy. Conclusion: The use of a uterine tourniquet and blood loss during open myomectomy has no effect on ovarian reserve.

Foot and ankle surgery:Tourniquet placement site to cause as little postoperative pain as possible

There is controversy in the literature on where to place the tourniquet(thigh,calf,ankle)for foot and ankle surgery.While some authors prefer the ankle tourniquet to the calf tourniquet,others state that the surgeon can decide between using the thigh tourniquet or the ankle tourniquet,since there was no difference in postoperative pain between them.Where to place the tourniquet during foot and ankle surgery to cause the least possible postoperative pain to the patient as a result of the tourniquet is a common question in clinical practice.The reality is that,unfortunately,there is no consensus on this issue.Perhaps the only possible way to answer this question would be to conduct a comparative study with sufficient statistical power to reach scientifically sound conclusions.It does not seem easy to carry out such a study,but it would be important to be able to answer the question posed in the title of this Editorial once and for all.

止血带在下肢坏疽截肢术中的应用

目的探讨在下肢坏疽肢体截肢手术中使用止血带的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2023年6月北京博爱医院因下肢坏疽接受截肢的41例患者共44个肢体,根据手术中是否使用止血带分为非止血带组(n=28)和止血带组(n=16),比较两组手术野清晰度、手术出血量、切口愈合、术后30 d内再手术率、术中血压及心率、手术时间。结果止血带组手术野更清晰(χ^(2)=42.385,P<0.001),手术出血量更少(Z=-2.082,P<0.05)。应用止血带的肢体均未出现止血带相关损害,如神经损伤和局部皮肤损伤。两组切口愈合甲级愈合率无显著性差异(χ^(2)=0.028,P=0.624)。结论下肢坏疽肢体截肢时应用止血带可以提高手术野清晰度,减少手术中出血,不影响切口愈合。

全膝关节置换中的缺血再灌注损伤

背景:以往针对缺血再灌注损伤的相关机制、表现、防治已有报道。但对全膝关节置换引起的下肢骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤研究较少,此文重点对全膝关节置换引起下肢缺血再灌注损伤的发病机制、临床影响及防治方法进行综述。目的:通过对全膝关节置换引起下肢缺血再灌注损伤的相关文献进行归纳总结,分析其机制、意义,为进一步研究骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤给出提示。方法:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库、CNKI、万方数据库及维普数据库2000-01-01/2022-04-30发表的相关文章,英文检索词为“ischemia-reperfusion injury,total knee arthroplasty,tourniquet,mechanism,pathophysiology,skeletal muscle,treatment”;中文检索词为“缺血再灌注损伤,全膝人工关节置换术,止血带,机制,病理生理,骨骼肌,治疗”。排除重复性研究及部分相关性较低的基础类文章。最终纳入68篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)缺血再灌注损伤的发病机制与氧自由基、细胞内钙超载、中性粒细胞活化相关,还和高浓度一氧化氮、无复流现象以及细胞凋亡等机制相关,更详尽的机制研究能为将来的防治提供依据;(2)下肢缺血再灌注损伤会造成局部骨骼肌损伤,这可能由手术本身的创伤引起,也可能是缺血再灌注损伤的作用,还需要更有针对性的研究区别二者关系;(3)下肢缺血再灌注损伤甚至会影响远端器官,造成肾脏、肺脏损伤,还会影响局部及全身循环;(4)明确缺血再灌注损伤的影响能为将来的防治指明方向,目前的防治措施主要包括缺血预处理,麻醉药物、抗氧化剂等药物预防;(5)针对全膝关节置换手术引起的下肢骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤的详细综述,能为将来的诊疗决策提供依据。

驱血止血弹性束紧套环在下肢淋巴吸脂减容术中的临床应用

目的:分析驱血止血弹性束紧套环在下肢淋巴水肿吸脂减容术中的应用效果,为其临床应用提供依据。方法:回顾性分析309例行下肢淋巴水肿吸脂减容术患者的临床资料,分为未使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组(n=163)和使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组(n=146)。比较2组患者术中出血量、异体输血率、膨胀液入血相关不良反应发生率和血压波动发生率及术前与术后24 h血红蛋白(Hb)和白蛋白(Alb)水平。结果:与未使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组比较,使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组患者术中出血量、异体输血率和膨胀液入血相关不良反应发生率均降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),术中血压波动发生率升高(P<0.05)。与未使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组比较,使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组患者ΔHb水平(术前Hb水平-术后24 h Hb水平)和ΔAlb水平(术前Alb水平-术后24 h Alb水平)均降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:驱血止血弹性束紧套环应用于下肢淋巴水肿吸脂减容术可有效减少术中出血和异体输血,降低ΔAlb水平,防止膨胀液入血相关不良反应的发生,同时应注意其引起的术中循环波动等不良反应。

腹腔镜下暂时阻断子宫动脉根治性挖除子宫腺肌病手术学习曲线

目的:探讨腹腔镜下暂时阻断子宫动脉根治性挖除子宫腺肌病手术学习曲线。方法:回顾分析常州市妇幼保健院2015年12月—2023年8月收治的151例进行腹腔镜下暂时阻断子宫动脉根治性挖除子宫腺肌病手术患者的临床资料。采用累计求和分析(cumulative sum analysis,CUSUM)法绘制学习曲线,根据所得曲线的临界点将整个过程分为提高期(47例)和熟练期(104例),分析比较2组患者的临床资料和手术结果。结果:根据患者手术时间和手术例数形成手术时间序列图,拟合曲线为y=-27.17ln(x)+330.74(x=手术例数)。根据手术时间绘制的CUSUM曲线的最佳拟合曲线方程为y=-0.005x^(3)-1.387x^(2)+98.643x-253.571(x为手术例数,最优拟合系数R2=0.931,P<0.05),48例即为该手术达到熟练期所需累积的例数。提高期患者手术时间[(263.72±38.07)min vs.(201.65±48.03)min,P<0.001]、术后持续发热率(40.43%vs.22.12%,P=0.020)和术后体温[38.0(37.8,38.1)℃vs.37.7(37.5,38.0)℃,P=0.002]均高于熟练期患者。两阶段患者的术后血红蛋白水平和手术前后血红蛋白差值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:子宫动脉临时阻断能够有效控制术中出血量,术者约需完成48例腹腔镜下暂时阻断子宫动脉根治性挖除子宫腺肌病手术达到技术熟练,但仍需不断熟练手术操作,降低患者感染风险。

硫酸镁联合罗哌卡因髂筋膜阻滞对全膝关节置换手术止血带反应的疗效观察

目的:分析硫酸镁联合罗哌卡因髂筋膜阻滞对全膝关节置换术(TKA)止血带反应的影响。方法:选取2020年5月—2023年5月就诊的TKA患者90例,根据麻醉方法不同分为对照组和观察组,每组45例。对照组给予罗哌卡因髂筋膜阻滞,观察组在对照组基础上给予硫酸镁静脉滴注,对比两组不同时间点心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、炎症应激指标、罗哌卡因累积用量、镇痛泵按压次数、不良反应总发生率。结果:观察组止血带充气即刻(t_(1))HR,MAP与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组充气30 min后(t_(2))、充气60 min后(t_(3))、充气90 min后(t_(4))、松止血带时(t_(5))、拔管后(t_(6))HR,MAP均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后24 h血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平高于对照组,血清丙二醛(MDA)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组罗哌卡因累积用量、镇痛泵按压次数均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:硫酸镁联合罗哌卡因髂筋膜阻滞可有效维持TKA患者术中血流动力学稳定,减轻止血带反应,抑制炎症及氧化因子释放,且未引发严重不良反应。

Single-center retrospective study of the diagnostic value of doubleballoon enteroscopy in Meckel’s diverticulum with bleeding

BACKGROUND The study aimed to analyze the characteristic clinical manifestations of patients with intestinal disease Meckel’s diverticulum(MD)complicated by digestive tract hemorrhage.Moreover,we aimed to evaluate the value of double-balloon enteroscopy(DBE)in MD diagnosis and the prognosis after laparoscopic diverticula resection.AIM To evaluate the value of DBE in the diagnosis and the prognosis after laparoscopic diverticula resection for MD with bleeding.METHODS The study retrospectively analyzed relevant data from 84 MD patients treated between January 2015 and March 2022 and recorded their clinical manifestations,auxiliary examination,and follow-up after laparoscopic resection of diverticula.RESULTS(1)Among 84 MD patients complicated with hemorrhage,77 were male,and 7 were female with an average age of 31.31±10.75 years.The incidence was higher in men than in women of different ages;(2)Among the 84 MD patients,65(78.40%)had defecated dark red stools,and 50(58.80%)had no accompanying symptoms during bleeding,indicating that most MD bleeding appeared a dark red stool without accompanying symptoms;(3)The shock index of 71 patients(85.20%)was<1,suggesting that the blood loss of most MD patients was less than 20%–30%,and only a few patients had a blood loss of>30%;(4)The DBE-positive rate was 100%(54/54),99mTcpertechnetate-positive scanning rate was 78%(35/45)compared with capsule endoscopy(36%)and small intestine computed tomography(19%).These results suggest that DBE and 99mTc-pertechnetate scans had significant advantages in diagnosing MD and bleeding,especially DBE was a highly precise examination method in MD diagnosis;(5)A total of 54 MD patients with hemorrhage underwent DBE examination before surgery.DBE endoscopy revealed many mucosal manifestations including normal appearance,inflammatory changes,ulcerative changes,diverticulum inversion,and nodular hyperplasia,with ulcerative changes being the most common(53.70%).This suggests that diverticular mucosal ulcer was the main cause of MD and bleeding;and(6)Laparoscopic dissection of diverticulae was performed in 76 patients,The patients who underwent postoperative follow-up did not experience any further bleeding.Additionally,follow-up examination of the 8 cases who had declined surgery revealed that 3 of them experienced a recurrence of digestive tract bleeding.These findings indicate that laparoscopic diverticula resection in MD patients complicated by bleeding had a favorable prognosis.CONCLUSION Bleeding associated with MD was predominantly observed in male adolescents,particularly at a young age.DBE was a highly precise examination method in MD diagnosis.Laparoscopic diverticula resection effectively prevented MD bleeding and had a good prognosis.

不同止血带释放模式在老年全膝关节置换术病人中的应用效果

目的 研究不同止血带释放模式在老年全膝关节置换术(TKA)中的效果,优化止血带应用方案。方法 选取2019—2021年南京市六合区人民医院骨科拟行初次单侧TKA的93例老年病人,随机分为A、B、C三组:A组全程使用止血带+常规释放,B组半程使用止血带+常规释放,C组半程使用止血带+阶梯释放,每组各31例。比较3组手术时间、失血量、术后VAS评分、关节活动范围(ROM)和并发症发生情况。结果 3组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。C组术中失血量、隐性失血量和总失血量高于A组,但低于B组(P<0.05);C组术后引流量小于A组和B组(P<0.05)。术后第1、7、14天,C组VAS评分均低于A组和B组(P<0.05);术后第7、14天,C组患膝ROM均大于A组和B组(P<0.05)。3组切口皮肤水泡、伤口持续渗液及深静脉血栓发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但C组并发症总发生率显著低于A组和B组(均P<0.05)。结论 与常规止血带释放方式相比,TKA术中采取半程使用+阶梯释放止血带方案能够减轻术后患肢疼痛、增加膝关节活动度,促进老年病人的早期康复。

超声引导下股神经联合股动脉阻滞对下肢手术止血带反应的影响

目的 观察超声引导下股神经联合股动脉阻滞减轻膝关节置换术患者止血带反应的安全性与有效性。方法 选择择期行膝关节置换术治疗的患者100例,年龄18~75岁,体质量指数18~30 kg/m2,ASA分级为Ⅰ-Ⅲ级;采用随机数字表法随机分为超声引导股神经联合股动脉阻滞组(NA组)和单纯股神经阻滞组(N组),每组50例。两组均在麻醉诱导前行超声引导下目标区域阻滞,待确定阻滞效果后再行麻醉诱导。两组均在喉罩全麻下行手术,术后均予以自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)。术后若患者出现视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)> 5分则给予静脉注射氟比洛芬酯50 mg作为补救镇痛。记录患者麻醉前(T1)、止血带充气前1 min(T2)、止血带充气后15 min(T3)、30 min(T4)、45 min(T5)、60 min(T6)的SBP、DBP、HR,记录患者术中发生止血带高血压例数,记录患者术中尼卡地平、艾司洛尔的使用剂量,记录两组术后2、6、12、24 h的动静态VAS评分,以及术后第1次补救镇痛的时间、补救镇痛的次数、首次下床活动时间和术后恶心、呕吐、谵妄、感染等不良反应发生的情况。结果 与N组比较,NA组止血带充气后T5、T6时点的SBP、DBP、HR均显著降低,止血带高血压发生率和降压药使用剂量明显降低(P <0.05),首次下床活动时间提前(P <0.05);术后两组动静态VAS评分、第1次补救镇痛时间、补救镇痛次数以及术后恶心、呕吐、谵妄、感染等不良反应发生的情况差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 超声引导下股神经联合股动脉阻滞可安全有效地用于减轻膝关节置换术患者止血带反应中,且能够缩短术后首次下床时间,有利于患者的术后康复。

自救式加压发热止血带的研制

目的:设计一款适用于高原寒区肢体创伤后大出血的自救式加压发热止血带,以降低高原寒区肢体创伤后大出血伤员的致死率和致残率。方法:止血带整体结构为长条形,由产气发热装置、可充气袖带、减压装置、微型计时器4个部分组成。产气发热装置主要由内缸和外缸组成,二者采用螺钉固定;可充气式袖带包括上肢款和下肢款2种,外侧为固定用布料,内侧设置气囊;减压装置主体为加压阀;微型计时器使用电子计时器,通过一个插入式卡扣与产气发热装置上的卡槽进行固定。结果:采用该止血带可使高原寒区肢体创伤后大出血伤员在1~2 s完成止血自救操作,且能有效防止伤员患肢失温。结论:该止血带具有操作简便、止血保温效果较好的特点,且可视情况调节压力,对于提高高原寒区肢体创伤后大出血伤员的自救能力具有重要意义。

止血带止血术检核表的研制及其应用

目的研制止血带止血术检核表,并评价其应用效果。方法研究小组通过文献研究构建止血带止血术检核表,并通过专家咨询进行权重分析。由2名资深教员和2名学员教官共4名评价者分别使用检核表和常规评分表对59名学员进行止血带止血术考核。结果专家咨询权威系数为0.91,肯德尔和谐系数为0.726(P<0.001)。最终形成的检核表由7个条目组成,包含3个核心要素和4个一般要素。使用止血带止血术检核表和评分表评价时4位评价者间的一致性均较好,其肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.697和0.764(P<0.001)。结论本研究研制的止血带止血术检核表,过程科学合理,应用机动灵活,具有推广价值。

星状神经节阻滞对下肢止血带缺血再灌注损伤及术后镇痛的影响

目的:探讨星状神经节阻滞对下肢止血带缺血再灌注损伤及术后镇痛的影响。方法:在徐州医科大学附属医院麻醉科2020年2月~2022年6月收治的所有下肢损伤手术患者中选取60例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=30)与观察组(n=30)两组,观察组采用星状神经节阻滞法进行神经阻滞,对照组患者不进行神经阻滞。分别对比两组患者上止血带前(T0)、止血带充气10 min(T1)、止血带充气30 min(T2)止血带充气60 min(T3)、止血带充气90 min(T4)、松止血带后10 min(T5)、松止血带后30 min(T6)、松止血带后60 min(T7)心率(HR)情况、丙二醇(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和白细胞介素8(IL-8)表达水平、术后镇痛情况以及术后并发症(术后出血、术后发热以及肺不张)发生率。结果:两组患者T0、T6、T7时刻HR相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),T1~T5时刻,观察组的HR明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),;两组患者T0时刻MDA、SOD、TNF-α和IL-8相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),T7时刻观察组SOD明显高于对照组,MDA、TNF-α和IL-8均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的首次镇痛药物服用时间长于对照组患者,48 h镇痛泵使用次数少于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者并发症发生率(3.33%)低于对照组(26.66%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在对于下肢止血带缺血再灌注损伤患者的治疗中,运用星状神经节阻滞的方法能有效减轻止血带为患者所带来的疼痛,避免脏器损伤,减轻缺血再灌注损伤出现的可能,提高疾病的预后效果,运用效果显著。

止血带联合子宫下段提拉式缝合在胎盘植入性疾病中的应用效果观察

目的分析止血带联合子宫下段提拉式缝合在胎盘植入性疾病中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析76例术中确诊为胎盘植入性疾病患者的临床资料,根据术中胎盘处理方法不同分为对照组和观察组,每组38例。对照组使用常规胎盘处理及子宫内压迫止血,观察组使用止血带联合子宫下段提拉式缝合进行胎盘处理。对比两组的手术相关指标、术后并发症发生率、生活质量评分、子宫切除及输血情况。结果观察组手术时间(92.13±12.60)min、住院时间(8.44±1.56)d、术中出血量(1023.52±126.43)ml、产后24 h累计出血量(1130.43±130.74)ml、修正血红蛋白(Hb)值(82.14±9.60)g/L均明显优于对照组的(108.34±11.42)min、(10.62±1.88)d、(1402.82±170.53)ml、(1524.87±189.62)ml、(68.53±8.96)g/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组子宫切除率5.26%低于对照组的21.05%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组红细胞输注率89.47%、平均红细胞输注量(645.24±56.13)ml明显低于对照组的100.00%、(794.75±75.34)ml,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率7.89%明显低于对照组的26.32%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组精神健康、情感职能、社会功能、生理职能评分分别为(86.22±8.35)、(88.09±7.34)、(87.24±6.64)、(85.34±7.41)分,明显高于对照组的(80.58±8.77)、(82.38±7.44)、(82.38±6.77)、(80.08±7.75)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对胎盘植入性疾病患者采用止血带联合子宫下段提拉式缝合处理能取得较好的止血效果,减少出血量,更好地保留患者的子宫及生育能力,从而提升其生活质量。

超声引导腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞对大腿止血带引起的缺血再灌注损伤的作用研究

目的 探索超声引导腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞(S-FICB)对大腿止血带引起的缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法 纳入2022年2月至2023年3月在永康市第一人民医院全身麻醉下择期行单侧膝关节镜手术患者73例,按随机信封法分为试验组(36例)和对照组(37例)。试验组患者行S-FICB,对照组患者不进行神经阻滞操作。2组患者均行气管插管全身麻醉。记录2组患者入室后(T_(0))、止血带充气前即刻(T_(1))、充气后20 min(T_(2))、充气后40 min(T_(3))、充气后60 min(T_(4))、充气后80 min(T_(5))、止血带释放即刻(T_(6))、释放5 min(T_(7))的有创平均动脉压、心率、麻醉药物用量,记录总出血量、输液量、止血带相关高血压发生次数及镇痛药物使用量。测量2组患者T_(1)、止血带释放后1 min、止血带释放后30 min的肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、丙二醛水平。记录2组患者不同时间数字疼痛评分表(NRS)评分、并发症发生情况。结果 与对照组比较,试验组患者在T_(4)、T_(5)时刻平均动脉压显著降低,止血带释放后1 min、释放后30 min TNF-α、丙二醛水平显著降低,拔管后30 min、术后24 h NRS评分显著降低,止血带相关高血压发生率降低,氟比洛芬酯使用量减少,差异均有统计学有意义(P<0.05)。2组患者均未出现常见并发症。结论 S-FICB可减少大腿止血带引起的缺血再灌注损伤,降低止血带相关高血压发生率,减少术后镇痛药物使用。

全膝关节置换术后发生膝前痛的相关因素分析

目的:重点分析全膝关节置换术(TKA)后发生膝前痛的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2019年10月—2020年9月周口骨科医院收治的42例膝关节炎患者资料,将完成TKA治疗后发生膝前痛的患者纳入发生组,收集同时间段内在医院完成TKA治疗后无膝前痛的42例患者资料纳入未发生组。查阅并记录患者基线资料,将可能的影响因素纳入并进行比较,分析可能导致TKA后发生膝前痛的影响因素。结果:发生组术中使用止血带时间、假体旋转不良占比、髌下脂肪垫过多切除占比较未发生组高,差异有统计学意义(t=4.878,χ^(2)=6.604、6.039,P<0.05);经logistic回归分析结果显示,术中使用止血带时间长、假体旋转不良、髌下脂肪垫过多切除是TKA后发生膝前痛的危险因素(OR=1.438、3.511、3.100,P<0.05)。结论:TKA后发生膝前痛与术中使用止血带时间长、假体旋转不良、髌下脂肪垫过多切除等因素有关,应引起临床重视。

Combat lifesaver-trained, first-responder application of junctional tourniquets: A prospective, randomized,crossover trial

Background:Junctional hemorrhage surpassed extremity hemorrhage as the leading cause of preventable death after the resurgence of limb tourniquets during the recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq.Junctional tourniquets(JTQs)were developed in response to this injury pattern.Published data for JTQ efficacy are limited and do not incorporate nonmedical,military first responders.We compared the time for effective placement and scores for device satisfaction between two different JTQs,stratified by combat lifesaver(CLS)and combat medics.Methods:We performed a prospective,randomized,crossover trial utilizing the SAM ’ Medical Junctional Tourniquet(SJT)and Junctional Emergency Treatment Tool(JETTTM).Investigators simple randomized CLS and combat medics to SJT or JETT for their first JTQ application on mannequins with penetrating inguinal injuries.Then,participants immediately placed the other JTQ on another casualty with the same injury.The primary outcome measured was time of successful applicatio n.Success was defined as proper JTQ placement and a pressu re reading of at least 180 mmHg.We compared outcomes between CLS and combat medics.Unsuccessful JTQ applications were excluded from the comparative analysis.Results:From June 2015 to August 2015,a total of 227 personnel(133 CLS and 94 combat medics)at Fort Hood,Texas,USA volunteered to participate in the study.Twenty-eight percent(38 of 133)of CLS and 40%(38 of 94)of combat medics placed both JTQs successfully,for a total of 152 applications(76 SJTs and 76 JETTs).We found a significant difference between applications of the JETT between the CLS and combat medics(92.0±37.7 s versus70.5±20.5 s,P=0.004).No other subg roup analyses,whether by device or user,demonstrated a sig nifica nt difference in application time.Both groups preferred the SJT over the JETT.CLS disagreed with combat medics that the JETT could be easily applied by one person(median 3.0[2.0,4.0]versus median 4.0[3.0,5.0];P=0.006).Conclusions:Overall,success rates for both the SJT and JETT were low.Improved training is needed to increase successful application of junctional tourniquets before widespread implementation.Combat lifesavers and combat medics prefer the SJT over the JETT.

Different roles of capsule endoscopy and double-balloon enteroscopy in obscure small intestinal diseases

AIM: To compare the roles of capsule endoscopy(CE)and double-balloon enteroscopy(DBE) in the diagnosis of obscure small bowel diseases.METHODS: From June 2009 to December 2014, 88 patients were included in this study; the patients had undergone gastroscopy, colonoscopy, radiological small intestinal barium meal, abdominal computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scan and mesenteric angiography, but their diagnoses were still unclear. The patients with gastrointestinal obstructions,fistulas, strictures, or cardiac pacemakers, as well as pregnant women, and individuals who could not accept the capsule-retention or capsule-removal surgery were excluded. Patients with heart, lung and other vital organ failure diseases were also excluded. Everyone involved in this study had undergone CE and DBE. The results were divided into:(1) the definite diagnosis(the diagnosis was confirmed at least by one of the biopsy,surgery, pathology or the drug treatment effects with follow-up for at least 3 mo);(2) the possible diagnosis(a possible diagnosis was suggested by CE or DBE,but not confirmed by the biopsy, surgery or follow-up drug treatment effects); and(3) the unclear diagnosis(no exact causes were provided by CE and DBE for the disease). The detection rate and the diagnostic yield of the two methods were compared. The differencein the etiologies between CE and DBE was estimated,and the different possible etiologies caused by the age groups were also investigated.RESULTS: CE exhibited a better trend than DBE for diagnosing scattered small ulcers(P = 0.242, Fisher's test), and small vascular malformations(χ 2 = 1.810,P = 0.179, Pearson χ 2 test), but with no significant differences, possible due to few cases. However,DBE was better than CE for larger tumors(P =0.018, Fisher's test) and for diverticular lesions with bleeding ulcers(P = 0.005, Fisher's test). All three hemangioma cases diagnosed by DBE in this study(including sponge hemangioma, venous hemangioma,and hemangioma with hamartoma lesions) were all confirmed by biopsy. Two parasite cases were found by CE, but were negative by DBE. This study revealed no obvious differences in the detection rates(DR) of CE(60.0%, 53/88) and DBE(59.1%, 52/88). However,the etiological diagnostic yield(DY) difference was apparent. The CE diagnostic yield was 42.0%(37/88),and the DBE diagnostic yield was 51.1%(45/88).Furthermore, there were differences among the age groups(χ 2 = 22.146, P = 0.008, Kruskal Wallis Test). Small intestinal cancer(5/6 cases), vascular malformations(22/29 cases), and active bleeding(3/4cases) appeared more commonly in the patients over50 years old, but diverticula with bleeding ulcers were usually found in the 15-25-year group(4/7cases). The over-25-year group accounted for the stromal tumors(10/12 cases).CONCLUSION: CE and DBE each have their own advantages and disadvantages. The appropriate choice depends on the patient's age, tolerance, and clinical manifestations. Sometimes CE followed by DBE is necessary.

Non-small-bowel lesions encountered during double-balloon enteroscopy performed for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

AIM:To report the incidence of non-small-bowel bleeding pathologies encountered during double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) procedures and to analyse their significance.METHODS: A retrospective study of a prospective DBE database conducted in a tertiary-referral center was conducted. A total of 179 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) referred for DBE from June 2004 to November 2008 were analysed looking for the incidence of non-small-bowel lesions (NSBLs; all and newly diagnosed) encountered during DBE.RESULTS: There were 228 (150 antegrade and 78 retrograde) DBE procedures performed in 179 patients. The mean number of DBE procedures was 1.27 per patient. The mean age (SD) of the patients was 62 ± 16 years old. There were 94 females (52.5%). The positive yield for a bleeding lesion was 65.9%. Of the 179 patients, 44 (24.6%) had NSBLs (19 of them had dual pathology with small-bowel lesions and NSBLs); 27 (15.1%) had lesions not detected by previous endoscopies. The most common type of missed lesions were vascular lesions.CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of patients (24.6%) had lesions within reach of conventional endoscopy. Careful repeat examination with gastroscopy and colonoscopy might be required.