BACKGROUND Tourniquets are commonly used in elective extremity orthopaedic surgery to reduce blood loss,improve visualization in the surgical field,and to potentially reduce surgical time.There is a lack of consensus ...BACKGROUND Tourniquets are commonly used in elective extremity orthopaedic surgery to reduce blood loss,improve visualization in the surgical field,and to potentially reduce surgical time.There is a lack of consensus in existing guidelines regarding the optimal tourniquet pressure,placement site,and duration of use.There is a paucity of data on the relationship between the site of a tourniquet and postoperative pain in foot and ankle surgery.AIM To explore the relationship between tourniquet site and intensity of post-operative pain scores in patients undergoing elective foot and ankle surgery.METHODS Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 201 patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery in a single institution was undertaken.Intraoperative tourniquet duration,tourniquet pressure and site,and postoperative pain scores using Visual Analogue Score were collected in immediate recovery,at six hours and at 24 h post-op.Scatter plots were used to analyse the data and to assess for the statistical correlation between tourniquet pressure,duration,site,and pain scores using Pearson correlation coefficient.RESULTS All patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery had tourniquet pressure of 250 mmHg for ankle tourniquet and 300 mmHg for thigh.There was no correlation between the site of the tourniquet and pain scores in recovery,at six hours and after 24 h.There was a weak correlation between tourniquet time and Visual Analogue Score immediately post-op(r=0.14,P=0.04)but not at six or 24 h post-operatively.CONCLUSION This study shows that there was no statistically significant correlation between tourniquet pressure,site and postop pain in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery.The choice of using a tourniquet is based on the surgeon's preference,with the goal of minimizing the duration of its application at the operative site.展开更多
Background: The most common surgical treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids, particularly in women with fertility concerns, is open myomectomy. Given the high vascularity of the uterus, haemorrhage during the proc...Background: The most common surgical treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids, particularly in women with fertility concerns, is open myomectomy. Given the high vascularity of the uterus, haemorrhage during the procedure is a serious risk that is often mitigated with a uterine tourniquet. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the effect of uterine artery occlusion with a tourniquet during open myomectomy on ovarian reserve using serial anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) measurements. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal study with a quasi-experimental design and a convenient sampling technique. The study enrolled 47 women who had abdominal myomectomy between September 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022, at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Blood samples were collected before anaesthesia was administered in theatre, on day two, and three months after open abdominal myomectomy for anti-Mullerian hormone assay. The data was collected using a semi-structured proforma, entered into an Excel spreadsheet, and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 with a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The pre-surgery AMH mean value was 1.67 ± 1.44 ng/ml, while the values after using a uterine tourniquet at myomectomy on the second day and three months later were 1.22 ± 1.24 ng/ml and 1.59 ± 1.43 ng/ml, respectively. There was no statistically significant change in AMH levels, and there was no statistically significant relationship between blood loss and tourniquet time and AMH after open abdominal myomectomy. Conclusion: The use of a uterine tourniquet and blood loss during open myomectomy has no effect on ovarian reserve.展开更多
There is controversy in the literature on where to place the tourniquet(thigh,calf,ankle)for foot and ankle surgery.While some authors prefer the ankle tourniquet to the calf tourniquet,others state that the surgeon c...There is controversy in the literature on where to place the tourniquet(thigh,calf,ankle)for foot and ankle surgery.While some authors prefer the ankle tourniquet to the calf tourniquet,others state that the surgeon can decide between using the thigh tourniquet or the ankle tourniquet,since there was no difference in postoperative pain between them.Where to place the tourniquet during foot and ankle surgery to cause the least possible postoperative pain to the patient as a result of the tourniquet is a common question in clinical practice.The reality is that,unfortunately,there is no consensus on this issue.Perhaps the only possible way to answer this question would be to conduct a comparative study with sufficient statistical power to reach scientifically sound conclusions.It does not seem easy to carry out such a study,but it would be important to be able to answer the question posed in the title of this Editorial once and for all.展开更多
目的:分析驱血止血弹性束紧套环在下肢淋巴水肿吸脂减容术中的应用效果,为其临床应用提供依据。方法:回顾性分析309例行下肢淋巴水肿吸脂减容术患者的临床资料,分为未使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组(n=163)和使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组(n=...目的:分析驱血止血弹性束紧套环在下肢淋巴水肿吸脂减容术中的应用效果,为其临床应用提供依据。方法:回顾性分析309例行下肢淋巴水肿吸脂减容术患者的临床资料,分为未使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组(n=163)和使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组(n=146)。比较2组患者术中出血量、异体输血率、膨胀液入血相关不良反应发生率和血压波动发生率及术前与术后24 h血红蛋白(Hb)和白蛋白(Alb)水平。结果:与未使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组比较,使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组患者术中出血量、异体输血率和膨胀液入血相关不良反应发生率均降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),术中血压波动发生率升高(P<0.05)。与未使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组比较,使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组患者ΔHb水平(术前Hb水平-术后24 h Hb水平)和ΔAlb水平(术前Alb水平-术后24 h Alb水平)均降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:驱血止血弹性束紧套环应用于下肢淋巴水肿吸脂减容术可有效减少术中出血和异体输血,降低ΔAlb水平,防止膨胀液入血相关不良反应的发生,同时应注意其引起的术中循环波动等不良反应。展开更多
目的:探讨腹腔镜下暂时阻断子宫动脉根治性挖除子宫腺肌病手术学习曲线。方法:回顾分析常州市妇幼保健院2015年12月—2023年8月收治的151例进行腹腔镜下暂时阻断子宫动脉根治性挖除子宫腺肌病手术患者的临床资料。采用累计求和分析(cumu...目的:探讨腹腔镜下暂时阻断子宫动脉根治性挖除子宫腺肌病手术学习曲线。方法:回顾分析常州市妇幼保健院2015年12月—2023年8月收治的151例进行腹腔镜下暂时阻断子宫动脉根治性挖除子宫腺肌病手术患者的临床资料。采用累计求和分析(cumulative sum analysis,CUSUM)法绘制学习曲线,根据所得曲线的临界点将整个过程分为提高期(47例)和熟练期(104例),分析比较2组患者的临床资料和手术结果。结果:根据患者手术时间和手术例数形成手术时间序列图,拟合曲线为y=-27.17ln(x)+330.74(x=手术例数)。根据手术时间绘制的CUSUM曲线的最佳拟合曲线方程为y=-0.005x^(3)-1.387x^(2)+98.643x-253.571(x为手术例数,最优拟合系数R2=0.931,P<0.05),48例即为该手术达到熟练期所需累积的例数。提高期患者手术时间[(263.72±38.07)min vs.(201.65±48.03)min,P<0.001]、术后持续发热率(40.43%vs.22.12%,P=0.020)和术后体温[38.0(37.8,38.1)℃vs.37.7(37.5,38.0)℃,P=0.002]均高于熟练期患者。两阶段患者的术后血红蛋白水平和手术前后血红蛋白差值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:子宫动脉临时阻断能够有效控制术中出血量,术者约需完成48例腹腔镜下暂时阻断子宫动脉根治性挖除子宫腺肌病手术达到技术熟练,但仍需不断熟练手术操作,降低患者感染风险。展开更多
BACKGROUND The study aimed to analyze the characteristic clinical manifestations of patients with intestinal disease Meckel’s diverticulum(MD)complicated by digestive tract hemorrhage.Moreover,we aimed to evaluate th...BACKGROUND The study aimed to analyze the characteristic clinical manifestations of patients with intestinal disease Meckel’s diverticulum(MD)complicated by digestive tract hemorrhage.Moreover,we aimed to evaluate the value of double-balloon enteroscopy(DBE)in MD diagnosis and the prognosis after laparoscopic diverticula resection.AIM To evaluate the value of DBE in the diagnosis and the prognosis after laparoscopic diverticula resection for MD with bleeding.METHODS The study retrospectively analyzed relevant data from 84 MD patients treated between January 2015 and March 2022 and recorded their clinical manifestations,auxiliary examination,and follow-up after laparoscopic resection of diverticula.RESULTS(1)Among 84 MD patients complicated with hemorrhage,77 were male,and 7 were female with an average age of 31.31±10.75 years.The incidence was higher in men than in women of different ages;(2)Among the 84 MD patients,65(78.40%)had defecated dark red stools,and 50(58.80%)had no accompanying symptoms during bleeding,indicating that most MD bleeding appeared a dark red stool without accompanying symptoms;(3)The shock index of 71 patients(85.20%)was<1,suggesting that the blood loss of most MD patients was less than 20%–30%,and only a few patients had a blood loss of>30%;(4)The DBE-positive rate was 100%(54/54),99mTcpertechnetate-positive scanning rate was 78%(35/45)compared with capsule endoscopy(36%)and small intestine computed tomography(19%).These results suggest that DBE and 99mTc-pertechnetate scans had significant advantages in diagnosing MD and bleeding,especially DBE was a highly precise examination method in MD diagnosis;(5)A total of 54 MD patients with hemorrhage underwent DBE examination before surgery.DBE endoscopy revealed many mucosal manifestations including normal appearance,inflammatory changes,ulcerative changes,diverticulum inversion,and nodular hyperplasia,with ulcerative changes being the most common(53.70%).This suggests that diverticular mucosal ulcer was the main cause of MD and bleeding;and(6)Laparoscopic dissection of diverticulae was performed in 76 patients,The patients who underwent postoperative follow-up did not experience any further bleeding.Additionally,follow-up examination of the 8 cases who had declined surgery revealed that 3 of them experienced a recurrence of digestive tract bleeding.These findings indicate that laparoscopic diverticula resection in MD patients complicated by bleeding had a favorable prognosis.CONCLUSION Bleeding associated with MD was predominantly observed in male adolescents,particularly at a young age.DBE was a highly precise examination method in MD diagnosis.Laparoscopic diverticula resection effectively prevented MD bleeding and had a good prognosis.展开更多
Background:Junctional hemorrhage surpassed extremity hemorrhage as the leading cause of preventable death after the resurgence of limb tourniquets during the recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq.Junctional tourniq...Background:Junctional hemorrhage surpassed extremity hemorrhage as the leading cause of preventable death after the resurgence of limb tourniquets during the recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq.Junctional tourniquets(JTQs)were developed in response to this injury pattern.Published data for JTQ efficacy are limited and do not incorporate nonmedical,military first responders.We compared the time for effective placement and scores for device satisfaction between two different JTQs,stratified by combat lifesaver(CLS)and combat medics.Methods:We performed a prospective,randomized,crossover trial utilizing the SAM ’ Medical Junctional Tourniquet(SJT)and Junctional Emergency Treatment Tool(JETTTM).Investigators simple randomized CLS and combat medics to SJT or JETT for their first JTQ application on mannequins with penetrating inguinal injuries.Then,participants immediately placed the other JTQ on another casualty with the same injury.The primary outcome measured was time of successful applicatio n.Success was defined as proper JTQ placement and a pressu re reading of at least 180 mmHg.We compared outcomes between CLS and combat medics.Unsuccessful JTQ applications were excluded from the comparative analysis.Results:From June 2015 to August 2015,a total of 227 personnel(133 CLS and 94 combat medics)at Fort Hood,Texas,USA volunteered to participate in the study.Twenty-eight percent(38 of 133)of CLS and 40%(38 of 94)of combat medics placed both JTQs successfully,for a total of 152 applications(76 SJTs and 76 JETTs).We found a significant difference between applications of the JETT between the CLS and combat medics(92.0±37.7 s versus70.5±20.5 s,P=0.004).No other subg roup analyses,whether by device or user,demonstrated a sig nifica nt difference in application time.Both groups preferred the SJT over the JETT.CLS disagreed with combat medics that the JETT could be easily applied by one person(median 3.0[2.0,4.0]versus median 4.0[3.0,5.0];P=0.006).Conclusions:Overall,success rates for both the SJT and JETT were low.Improved training is needed to increase successful application of junctional tourniquets before widespread implementation.Combat lifesavers and combat medics prefer the SJT over the JETT.展开更多
AIM: To compare the roles of capsule endoscopy(CE)and double-balloon enteroscopy(DBE) in the diagnosis of obscure small bowel diseases.METHODS: From June 2009 to December 2014, 88 patients were included in this study;...AIM: To compare the roles of capsule endoscopy(CE)and double-balloon enteroscopy(DBE) in the diagnosis of obscure small bowel diseases.METHODS: From June 2009 to December 2014, 88 patients were included in this study; the patients had undergone gastroscopy, colonoscopy, radiological small intestinal barium meal, abdominal computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scan and mesenteric angiography, but their diagnoses were still unclear. The patients with gastrointestinal obstructions,fistulas, strictures, or cardiac pacemakers, as well as pregnant women, and individuals who could not accept the capsule-retention or capsule-removal surgery were excluded. Patients with heart, lung and other vital organ failure diseases were also excluded. Everyone involved in this study had undergone CE and DBE. The results were divided into:(1) the definite diagnosis(the diagnosis was confirmed at least by one of the biopsy,surgery, pathology or the drug treatment effects with follow-up for at least 3 mo);(2) the possible diagnosis(a possible diagnosis was suggested by CE or DBE,but not confirmed by the biopsy, surgery or follow-up drug treatment effects); and(3) the unclear diagnosis(no exact causes were provided by CE and DBE for the disease). The detection rate and the diagnostic yield of the two methods were compared. The differencein the etiologies between CE and DBE was estimated,and the different possible etiologies caused by the age groups were also investigated.RESULTS: CE exhibited a better trend than DBE for diagnosing scattered small ulcers(P = 0.242, Fisher's test), and small vascular malformations(χ 2 = 1.810,P = 0.179, Pearson χ 2 test), but with no significant differences, possible due to few cases. However,DBE was better than CE for larger tumors(P =0.018, Fisher's test) and for diverticular lesions with bleeding ulcers(P = 0.005, Fisher's test). All three hemangioma cases diagnosed by DBE in this study(including sponge hemangioma, venous hemangioma,and hemangioma with hamartoma lesions) were all confirmed by biopsy. Two parasite cases were found by CE, but were negative by DBE. This study revealed no obvious differences in the detection rates(DR) of CE(60.0%, 53/88) and DBE(59.1%, 52/88). However,the etiological diagnostic yield(DY) difference was apparent. The CE diagnostic yield was 42.0%(37/88),and the DBE diagnostic yield was 51.1%(45/88).Furthermore, there were differences among the age groups(χ 2 = 22.146, P = 0.008, Kruskal Wallis Test). Small intestinal cancer(5/6 cases), vascular malformations(22/29 cases), and active bleeding(3/4cases) appeared more commonly in the patients over50 years old, but diverticula with bleeding ulcers were usually found in the 15-25-year group(4/7cases). The over-25-year group accounted for the stromal tumors(10/12 cases).CONCLUSION: CE and DBE each have their own advantages and disadvantages. The appropriate choice depends on the patient's age, tolerance, and clinical manifestations. Sometimes CE followed by DBE is necessary.展开更多
AIM:To report the incidence of non-small-bowel bleeding pathologies encountered during double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) procedures and to analyse their significance.METHODS: A retrospective study of a prospective DBE ...AIM:To report the incidence of non-small-bowel bleeding pathologies encountered during double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) procedures and to analyse their significance.METHODS: A retrospective study of a prospective DBE database conducted in a tertiary-referral center was conducted. A total of 179 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) referred for DBE from June 2004 to November 2008 were analysed looking for the incidence of non-small-bowel lesions (NSBLs; all and newly diagnosed) encountered during DBE.RESULTS: There were 228 (150 antegrade and 78 retrograde) DBE procedures performed in 179 patients. The mean number of DBE procedures was 1.27 per patient. The mean age (SD) of the patients was 62 ± 16 years old. There were 94 females (52.5%). The positive yield for a bleeding lesion was 65.9%. Of the 179 patients, 44 (24.6%) had NSBLs (19 of them had dual pathology with small-bowel lesions and NSBLs); 27 (15.1%) had lesions not detected by previous endoscopies. The most common type of missed lesions were vascular lesions.CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of patients (24.6%) had lesions within reach of conventional endoscopy. Careful repeat examination with gastroscopy and colonoscopy might be required.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Tourniquets are commonly used in elective extremity orthopaedic surgery to reduce blood loss,improve visualization in the surgical field,and to potentially reduce surgical time.There is a lack of consensus in existing guidelines regarding the optimal tourniquet pressure,placement site,and duration of use.There is a paucity of data on the relationship between the site of a tourniquet and postoperative pain in foot and ankle surgery.AIM To explore the relationship between tourniquet site and intensity of post-operative pain scores in patients undergoing elective foot and ankle surgery.METHODS Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 201 patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery in a single institution was undertaken.Intraoperative tourniquet duration,tourniquet pressure and site,and postoperative pain scores using Visual Analogue Score were collected in immediate recovery,at six hours and at 24 h post-op.Scatter plots were used to analyse the data and to assess for the statistical correlation between tourniquet pressure,duration,site,and pain scores using Pearson correlation coefficient.RESULTS All patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery had tourniquet pressure of 250 mmHg for ankle tourniquet and 300 mmHg for thigh.There was no correlation between the site of the tourniquet and pain scores in recovery,at six hours and after 24 h.There was a weak correlation between tourniquet time and Visual Analogue Score immediately post-op(r=0.14,P=0.04)but not at six or 24 h post-operatively.CONCLUSION This study shows that there was no statistically significant correlation between tourniquet pressure,site and postop pain in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery.The choice of using a tourniquet is based on the surgeon's preference,with the goal of minimizing the duration of its application at the operative site.
文摘Background: The most common surgical treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids, particularly in women with fertility concerns, is open myomectomy. Given the high vascularity of the uterus, haemorrhage during the procedure is a serious risk that is often mitigated with a uterine tourniquet. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the effect of uterine artery occlusion with a tourniquet during open myomectomy on ovarian reserve using serial anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) measurements. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal study with a quasi-experimental design and a convenient sampling technique. The study enrolled 47 women who had abdominal myomectomy between September 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022, at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Blood samples were collected before anaesthesia was administered in theatre, on day two, and three months after open abdominal myomectomy for anti-Mullerian hormone assay. The data was collected using a semi-structured proforma, entered into an Excel spreadsheet, and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 with a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The pre-surgery AMH mean value was 1.67 ± 1.44 ng/ml, while the values after using a uterine tourniquet at myomectomy on the second day and three months later were 1.22 ± 1.24 ng/ml and 1.59 ± 1.43 ng/ml, respectively. There was no statistically significant change in AMH levels, and there was no statistically significant relationship between blood loss and tourniquet time and AMH after open abdominal myomectomy. Conclusion: The use of a uterine tourniquet and blood loss during open myomectomy has no effect on ovarian reserve.
文摘There is controversy in the literature on where to place the tourniquet(thigh,calf,ankle)for foot and ankle surgery.While some authors prefer the ankle tourniquet to the calf tourniquet,others state that the surgeon can decide between using the thigh tourniquet or the ankle tourniquet,since there was no difference in postoperative pain between them.Where to place the tourniquet during foot and ankle surgery to cause the least possible postoperative pain to the patient as a result of the tourniquet is a common question in clinical practice.The reality is that,unfortunately,there is no consensus on this issue.Perhaps the only possible way to answer this question would be to conduct a comparative study with sufficient statistical power to reach scientifically sound conclusions.It does not seem easy to carry out such a study,but it would be important to be able to answer the question posed in the title of this Editorial once and for all.
文摘目的:分析驱血止血弹性束紧套环在下肢淋巴水肿吸脂减容术中的应用效果,为其临床应用提供依据。方法:回顾性分析309例行下肢淋巴水肿吸脂减容术患者的临床资料,分为未使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组(n=163)和使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组(n=146)。比较2组患者术中出血量、异体输血率、膨胀液入血相关不良反应发生率和血压波动发生率及术前与术后24 h血红蛋白(Hb)和白蛋白(Alb)水平。结果:与未使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组比较,使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组患者术中出血量、异体输血率和膨胀液入血相关不良反应发生率均降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),术中血压波动发生率升高(P<0.05)。与未使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组比较,使用驱血止血弹性束紧套环组患者ΔHb水平(术前Hb水平-术后24 h Hb水平)和ΔAlb水平(术前Alb水平-术后24 h Alb水平)均降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:驱血止血弹性束紧套环应用于下肢淋巴水肿吸脂减容术可有效减少术中出血和异体输血,降低ΔAlb水平,防止膨胀液入血相关不良反应的发生,同时应注意其引起的术中循环波动等不良反应。
文摘目的:探讨腹腔镜下暂时阻断子宫动脉根治性挖除子宫腺肌病手术学习曲线。方法:回顾分析常州市妇幼保健院2015年12月—2023年8月收治的151例进行腹腔镜下暂时阻断子宫动脉根治性挖除子宫腺肌病手术患者的临床资料。采用累计求和分析(cumulative sum analysis,CUSUM)法绘制学习曲线,根据所得曲线的临界点将整个过程分为提高期(47例)和熟练期(104例),分析比较2组患者的临床资料和手术结果。结果:根据患者手术时间和手术例数形成手术时间序列图,拟合曲线为y=-27.17ln(x)+330.74(x=手术例数)。根据手术时间绘制的CUSUM曲线的最佳拟合曲线方程为y=-0.005x^(3)-1.387x^(2)+98.643x-253.571(x为手术例数,最优拟合系数R2=0.931,P<0.05),48例即为该手术达到熟练期所需累积的例数。提高期患者手术时间[(263.72±38.07)min vs.(201.65±48.03)min,P<0.001]、术后持续发热率(40.43%vs.22.12%,P=0.020)和术后体温[38.0(37.8,38.1)℃vs.37.7(37.5,38.0)℃,P=0.002]均高于熟练期患者。两阶段患者的术后血红蛋白水平和手术前后血红蛋白差值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:子宫动脉临时阻断能够有效控制术中出血量,术者约需完成48例腹腔镜下暂时阻断子宫动脉根治性挖除子宫腺肌病手术达到技术熟练,但仍需不断熟练手术操作,降低患者感染风险。
基金Supported by the Ten Thousand Doctor Plan in Yunnan Province,No.YNWR-MY-2018-020Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center Foundation for Health Commission of Yunnan Province,No.2021LCZXXF-XH07,No.2021LCZXXF-XH15,and No.2022LCZXKF-XH17Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology,No.202205AG070053-07.
文摘BACKGROUND The study aimed to analyze the characteristic clinical manifestations of patients with intestinal disease Meckel’s diverticulum(MD)complicated by digestive tract hemorrhage.Moreover,we aimed to evaluate the value of double-balloon enteroscopy(DBE)in MD diagnosis and the prognosis after laparoscopic diverticula resection.AIM To evaluate the value of DBE in the diagnosis and the prognosis after laparoscopic diverticula resection for MD with bleeding.METHODS The study retrospectively analyzed relevant data from 84 MD patients treated between January 2015 and March 2022 and recorded their clinical manifestations,auxiliary examination,and follow-up after laparoscopic resection of diverticula.RESULTS(1)Among 84 MD patients complicated with hemorrhage,77 were male,and 7 were female with an average age of 31.31±10.75 years.The incidence was higher in men than in women of different ages;(2)Among the 84 MD patients,65(78.40%)had defecated dark red stools,and 50(58.80%)had no accompanying symptoms during bleeding,indicating that most MD bleeding appeared a dark red stool without accompanying symptoms;(3)The shock index of 71 patients(85.20%)was<1,suggesting that the blood loss of most MD patients was less than 20%–30%,and only a few patients had a blood loss of>30%;(4)The DBE-positive rate was 100%(54/54),99mTcpertechnetate-positive scanning rate was 78%(35/45)compared with capsule endoscopy(36%)and small intestine computed tomography(19%).These results suggest that DBE and 99mTc-pertechnetate scans had significant advantages in diagnosing MD and bleeding,especially DBE was a highly precise examination method in MD diagnosis;(5)A total of 54 MD patients with hemorrhage underwent DBE examination before surgery.DBE endoscopy revealed many mucosal manifestations including normal appearance,inflammatory changes,ulcerative changes,diverticulum inversion,and nodular hyperplasia,with ulcerative changes being the most common(53.70%).This suggests that diverticular mucosal ulcer was the main cause of MD and bleeding;and(6)Laparoscopic dissection of diverticulae was performed in 76 patients,The patients who underwent postoperative follow-up did not experience any further bleeding.Additionally,follow-up examination of the 8 cases who had declined surgery revealed that 3 of them experienced a recurrence of digestive tract bleeding.These findings indicate that laparoscopic diverticula resection in MD patients complicated by bleeding had a favorable prognosis.CONCLUSION Bleeding associated with MD was predominantly observed in male adolescents,particularly at a young age.DBE was a highly precise examination method in MD diagnosis.Laparoscopic diverticula resection effectively prevented MD bleeding and had a good prognosis.
文摘Background:Junctional hemorrhage surpassed extremity hemorrhage as the leading cause of preventable death after the resurgence of limb tourniquets during the recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq.Junctional tourniquets(JTQs)were developed in response to this injury pattern.Published data for JTQ efficacy are limited and do not incorporate nonmedical,military first responders.We compared the time for effective placement and scores for device satisfaction between two different JTQs,stratified by combat lifesaver(CLS)and combat medics.Methods:We performed a prospective,randomized,crossover trial utilizing the SAM ’ Medical Junctional Tourniquet(SJT)and Junctional Emergency Treatment Tool(JETTTM).Investigators simple randomized CLS and combat medics to SJT or JETT for their first JTQ application on mannequins with penetrating inguinal injuries.Then,participants immediately placed the other JTQ on another casualty with the same injury.The primary outcome measured was time of successful applicatio n.Success was defined as proper JTQ placement and a pressu re reading of at least 180 mmHg.We compared outcomes between CLS and combat medics.Unsuccessful JTQ applications were excluded from the comparative analysis.Results:From June 2015 to August 2015,a total of 227 personnel(133 CLS and 94 combat medics)at Fort Hood,Texas,USA volunteered to participate in the study.Twenty-eight percent(38 of 133)of CLS and 40%(38 of 94)of combat medics placed both JTQs successfully,for a total of 152 applications(76 SJTs and 76 JETTs).We found a significant difference between applications of the JETT between the CLS and combat medics(92.0±37.7 s versus70.5±20.5 s,P=0.004).No other subg roup analyses,whether by device or user,demonstrated a sig nifica nt difference in application time.Both groups preferred the SJT over the JETT.CLS disagreed with combat medics that the JETT could be easily applied by one person(median 3.0[2.0,4.0]versus median 4.0[3.0,5.0];P=0.006).Conclusions:Overall,success rates for both the SJT and JETT were low.Improved training is needed to increase successful application of junctional tourniquets before widespread implementation.Combat lifesavers and combat medics prefer the SJT over the JETT.
文摘AIM: To compare the roles of capsule endoscopy(CE)and double-balloon enteroscopy(DBE) in the diagnosis of obscure small bowel diseases.METHODS: From June 2009 to December 2014, 88 patients were included in this study; the patients had undergone gastroscopy, colonoscopy, radiological small intestinal barium meal, abdominal computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scan and mesenteric angiography, but their diagnoses were still unclear. The patients with gastrointestinal obstructions,fistulas, strictures, or cardiac pacemakers, as well as pregnant women, and individuals who could not accept the capsule-retention or capsule-removal surgery were excluded. Patients with heart, lung and other vital organ failure diseases were also excluded. Everyone involved in this study had undergone CE and DBE. The results were divided into:(1) the definite diagnosis(the diagnosis was confirmed at least by one of the biopsy,surgery, pathology or the drug treatment effects with follow-up for at least 3 mo);(2) the possible diagnosis(a possible diagnosis was suggested by CE or DBE,but not confirmed by the biopsy, surgery or follow-up drug treatment effects); and(3) the unclear diagnosis(no exact causes were provided by CE and DBE for the disease). The detection rate and the diagnostic yield of the two methods were compared. The differencein the etiologies between CE and DBE was estimated,and the different possible etiologies caused by the age groups were also investigated.RESULTS: CE exhibited a better trend than DBE for diagnosing scattered small ulcers(P = 0.242, Fisher's test), and small vascular malformations(χ 2 = 1.810,P = 0.179, Pearson χ 2 test), but with no significant differences, possible due to few cases. However,DBE was better than CE for larger tumors(P =0.018, Fisher's test) and for diverticular lesions with bleeding ulcers(P = 0.005, Fisher's test). All three hemangioma cases diagnosed by DBE in this study(including sponge hemangioma, venous hemangioma,and hemangioma with hamartoma lesions) were all confirmed by biopsy. Two parasite cases were found by CE, but were negative by DBE. This study revealed no obvious differences in the detection rates(DR) of CE(60.0%, 53/88) and DBE(59.1%, 52/88). However,the etiological diagnostic yield(DY) difference was apparent. The CE diagnostic yield was 42.0%(37/88),and the DBE diagnostic yield was 51.1%(45/88).Furthermore, there were differences among the age groups(χ 2 = 22.146, P = 0.008, Kruskal Wallis Test). Small intestinal cancer(5/6 cases), vascular malformations(22/29 cases), and active bleeding(3/4cases) appeared more commonly in the patients over50 years old, but diverticula with bleeding ulcers were usually found in the 15-25-year group(4/7cases). The over-25-year group accounted for the stromal tumors(10/12 cases).CONCLUSION: CE and DBE each have their own advantages and disadvantages. The appropriate choice depends on the patient's age, tolerance, and clinical manifestations. Sometimes CE followed by DBE is necessary.
文摘AIM:To report the incidence of non-small-bowel bleeding pathologies encountered during double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) procedures and to analyse their significance.METHODS: A retrospective study of a prospective DBE database conducted in a tertiary-referral center was conducted. A total of 179 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) referred for DBE from June 2004 to November 2008 were analysed looking for the incidence of non-small-bowel lesions (NSBLs; all and newly diagnosed) encountered during DBE.RESULTS: There were 228 (150 antegrade and 78 retrograde) DBE procedures performed in 179 patients. The mean number of DBE procedures was 1.27 per patient. The mean age (SD) of the patients was 62 ± 16 years old. There were 94 females (52.5%). The positive yield for a bleeding lesion was 65.9%. Of the 179 patients, 44 (24.6%) had NSBLs (19 of them had dual pathology with small-bowel lesions and NSBLs); 27 (15.1%) had lesions not detected by previous endoscopies. The most common type of missed lesions were vascular lesions.CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of patients (24.6%) had lesions within reach of conventional endoscopy. Careful repeat examination with gastroscopy and colonoscopy might be required.