Analysis and seismic tests of composite shear walls with CFST columns and steel plate deep beams

A composite shear wall concept based on concrete filled steel tube （CFST） columns and steel plate （SP） deep beams is proposed and examined in this study. The new wall is composed of three different energy dissipation elements： CFST columns; SP deep beams; and reinforced concrete （RC） strips. The RC strips are intended to allow the core structural elements - the CFST columns and SP deep beams - to work as a single structure to consume energy. Six specimens of different configurations were tested under cyclic loading. The resulting data are analyzed herein. In addition, numerical simulations of the stress and damage processes for each specimen were carried out, and simulations were completed for a range of location and span-height ratio variations for the SP beams. The simulations show good agreement with the test results. The core structure exhibits a ductile yielding mechanism characteristic of strong column-weak beam structures, hysteretic curves are plump and the composite shear wall exhibits several seismic defense lines. The deformation of the shear wall specimens with encased CFST column and SP deep beam design appears to be closer to that of entire shear walls. Establishing optimal design parameters for the configuration of SP deep beams is pivotal to the best seismic behavior of the wall. The new composite shear wall is therefore suitable for use in the seismic design of building structures.

Experimental study and analysis on fatigue stiffness of RC beams strengthened with CFRP and steel plate

The objective of this work is to investigate the fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete(RC) beams strengthened with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) and steel plate. An experimental investigation and theoretical analysis were made on the law of deflection development and stiffness degradation, as well as the influence of fatigue load ranges. Test results indicate that the law of three-stage change under fatigue loading is followed by both midspan deflection and permanent deflection, which also have positive correlation with fatigue load amplitude. Fatigue stiffness of composite strengthened beams degrades gradually with the increasing of number of cycles. Based on the experimental results, a theoretical model by effective moment of inertia method is developed for calculating the sectional stiffness of such composite strengthened beams under fatigue loading, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Experimental and analytical study on seismic behavior of steel-concrete multienergy dissipation composite shear walls

In this paper, a steel-concrete multi-energy dissipation composite shear wall, comprised of steel-reinforced concrete （SRC） columns, steel plate （SP） deep beams, a concrete wall and energy dissipation strips, is proposed. In order to study the multi-energy dissipation behavior and restorability after an earthquake, two stages of low cyclic loading tests were carded out on ten test specimens. In the first stage, test on five specimens with different number of SP deep beams was carried out, and the test lasted until the displacement drift reached 2%. In the second stage, thin SPs were welded to both sides of the five specimens tested in the first stage, and the same test was carried out on the repaired specimens （designated as new specimens）. The load-bearing capacity, stiffness, ductility, hysteretic behavior and failure characteristics were analyzed for both stages and the results are discussed herein. Extrapolating from these results, strength calculation models and formulas are proposed herein and simulations using ABAQUS carried out, they show good agreement with the test results. The study demonstrates that SRC columns, SP deep beams, concrete wall and energy dissipation strips cooperate well and play an important role in energy dissipation. In addition, this study shows that the shear wall has good recoverability after an earthquake, and that the welding of thin SP＇s to repair a deformed wall is a practicable technique.

Identification of Connection Flexibility Effects Based on Load Testing of a Steel-Concrete Bridge

In the case of composite girders, an effective cooperation of both parts of the section is influenced by deformability of connectors. Limited flexural stiffness of welded studs, used commonly in bridge structures, does not provide full interaction of a steel beam and a concrete slab. This changes strain distribution in cross-sections of a composite girder and results in redistribution of internal forces in steel and concrete element. In the paper partial interaction index defined on the basis of a neutral axis position, which can be used for verification of steel-concrete interaction in real bridge structures rather than in specimens is proposed. The range of the index value changes, obtained during load testing of a typical steel-concrete composite beam bridge, is presented. The investigation was carried out on a motorway viaduct, consisting of two parallel structures. During the testing values of strains in girders under static and quasi-static loads were measured. The readings from the gauges were used to determine the index, characterizing composite action of the girders. Results of bridge testing under movable load, changing position along the bridge span is presented and obtained in-situ influence functions of strains and index values are commented in the paper.

古金赤水河大桥主桥总体设计

古金赤水河大桥主桥为(83.5+173.5+575+173.5+83.5)m半飘浮体系双塔双索面斜拉桥。主梁采用双边主梁断面钢-混组合梁,由工字钢主梁和混凝土桥面板组成,全宽43.8 m,设置裙板抑制主梁涡振。桥塔为下塔柱内收的A形塔,南、北塔塔高分别为217 m和261 m。由于山区超高桥塔塔墩景观效果欠佳,采用超高塔柱无塔墩方案,桥塔采用嵌岩群桩基础;针对山区桥梁养护不便的情况,索塔锚固采用耐候钢钢锚梁;针对剪力钉在拉拔力作用下承载能力降低问题,采用以开孔板连接件为主的钢-混结合构造实现锚梁牛腿壁板与塔壁连接。斜拉索采用公称直径15.20 mm、标准抗拉强度1860 MPa的钢绞线拉索,全桥共4×23对(184根),空间双索面扇形布置。由于斜拉索锚拉板+外置减振阻尼器景观效果不佳,选用全内置减振阻尼器方案。

中等跨径钢板组合梁截面布置优化

为了实现钢板组合梁的标准化设计,达到进一步推广应用的目的,以跨径30 m的先简支后桥面连续钢板组合梁桥为研究对象,结合目前中国钢-混组合梁桥的设计规范,以全桥造价及全桥钢材用量为目标函数,以钢板组合梁截面尺寸布置参数和主梁数量为设计变量,并以应力、变形、局部稳定和规范构造要求为约束条件,建立钢板组合梁截面参数的优化模型,并采用遗传算法展开优化分析.优化结果表明:所提算法稳定可靠、效率高,依托工程的结构截面布置有较大的优化空间.当桥宽和车道布置不变时,采用6梁式截面的全桥造价最少,相对原始设计截面可节省约13%的费用;采用4梁式截面的全桥钢材用量最少,为128.65 kg/m^(2),相对原始设计截面可节省约27%的钢材用量.优化结果可为中等跨径钢板组合梁桥的截面设计提供参考.通过经济性分析发现,当主梁间距分别取约2.3、3.2、4.8 m时,跨高比的经济取值分别为20~23、18~21、14~17.

平钢板-UHPC组合桥面板纵向抗负弯性能试验研究

某大桥次边跨及中跨主梁为钢-UHPC组合梁,钢-UHPC组合梁的桥面板首次采用一种通过PBL剪力键将8 mm平钢板与15 cm的UHPC层连接起来的新型组合桥面体系。为了探究该桥新型钢-UHPC组合桥面板抗负弯矩性能与安全性,完成了2块足尺模型的静力性能试验,进行了桥梁整体受力和桥面板局部受力计算,以及桥面板抗负弯矩极限承载力构成分析。结果表明:UHPC名义开裂强度达8.90 MPa以上,其值远大于实桥荷载作用下UHPC层上缘的纵桥向最大拉应力,组合桥面板负弯矩抗裂性能良好,能满足工程需求;组合桥面板抗负弯承载力的计算,UHPC受拉本构宜采用三折线模型,抗负弯承载力简化计算的UHPC受拉区等效均布应力折减系数可取0.76,抗负弯承载力状态的受压钢板受力仍处于线弹性阶段,抗负弯破坏模式与抗正弯明显不同,为受拉钢筋拉断;PBL剪力键能保证了钢板与UHPC板整体共同受力;组合桥面板在负弯矩作用下的延性良好,裂宽增长缓慢,UHPC的名义极限强度达名义开裂强度的4.1倍以上,到达极限荷载后,组合板承载力没有明显下降。

大跨度公铁合建斜拉桥钢混板-桁组合梁关键节点空间受力特性

针对大跨度公铁合建斜拉桥—主跨808 m洪奇沥特大桥新型钢混板-桁组合梁的关键节点—辅助墩顶钢混节点,采用ANSYS软件建立钢桁-混凝土板组合梁部分节段细化的全桥多尺度有限元模型,分析边跨组合梁节点在受力最不利工况下的受力规律及传力特性,并讨论下弦杆等杆件截面等结构参数变化对节点受力、传力的影响规律。结果表明:最不利组合工况下,边跨组合梁辅助墩顶钢混节点处钢结构最不利Mises应力为265.9 MPa,混凝土局部最大名义拉应力为9.2 MPa,导致局部开裂而受力转移至钢结构;在辅助墩顶局部负弯矩影响下,内外节点板处应力总体呈“倒V”形分布,混凝土顶面及底面分别呈“鞍形”及“倒鞍”形分布;节点处下弦杆(含管内混凝土)、竖杆分别传递77.86%和40.15%荷载,为纵向、竖向主要传力构件;混凝土桥面厚度变化对自身应力影响明显,其厚度和下弦杆截面面积对纵向传力比影响大,竖杆截面面积对自身竖向传力影响相对明显;混凝土厚度及下弦杆、斜腹杆、竖杆截面为节点受力、传力的主要影响因素,其系数在0.8~1.1时,组合梁关键节点各构件应力及传力比均较为合理。

轻钢龙骨防火组合楼板梁板节点连接试验研究

轻钢龙骨防火组合楼板是一种新型的装配式楼板,因为自重较小,同时具有较大的承载力,板底板顶附层为防火楼板,具有较好的防火能力,该种楼板作为简支板直接放置于工字钢梁上,支座处无法传递负弯矩,因此在梁顶支座处会出现一条通缝,严重影响使用效果,同时简支板体系也不符合抗震规范的要求。本文提出一种新的支座处梁板节点连接方式,目的是通过合理连接,实现支座处能够传递负弯矩,由简支变为固结。试验采用液压千斤顶对试件施加静荷载,对11个全比例节点连接试件进行研究,考虑连接件搭接长度、连接件厚度、连接所用的自攻螺钉(螺栓)的数量,以及连接件尺寸对梁板连接节点承载力和挠度的影响,并对节点连接件与C型轻钢龙骨之间的变形协调能力做出了分析。研究表明,本文提出的以Z型钢为连接件的梁板节点连接方法安全可靠,可实现该新型楼板的双跨以及多跨连接。

装配式槽钢组合梁中开孔钢板连接件力学性能

为研究新型装配式双拼槽钢-混凝土组合梁中开孔钢板剪力连接件(PSP剪力连接件)的力学性能,设计7组标准试件并开展推出试验,对比分析不同参数PSP剪力连接件的受剪承载力和破坏模式。利用ABAQUS非线性有限元模型对PSP剪力连接件的破坏模式和受力机制进行数值模拟,并与试验结果对比验证计算结果的可靠性。在此基础上,进一步分析开孔钢板厚度、开孔直径、混凝土强度、穿孔钢筋及连接件间距对PSP剪力连接件力学性能的影响。结果表明:除10 mm厚度的PSP剪力连接件外,所有4 mm与6 mm厚度的PSP剪力连接件均发生明显弯曲变形,试件破坏时连接件周围混凝土均出现斜向裂缝;开孔直径和穿孔钢筋对受剪承载力和抗剪刚度影响较小,而增加开孔钢板厚度、混凝土强度能提高剪力连接件受剪承载力和抗剪刚度;对于双排PSP剪力连接件,增大连接件间距能够显著提高单排PSP剪力连接件平均承载力,当间距为250 mm时,单排平均承载力达到单个PSP剪力连接件的91.2%。根据试验及有限元荷载滑移曲线提出装配式双拼槽钢-混凝土组合梁中单个PSP连接件荷载滑移曲线计算公式,为装配式双拼槽钢混组合梁的设计提供参考。

钢-混凝土组合简支桥面连续结构横向应力分析

针对钢-混组合简支梁桥的桥面连续结构开裂等病害,围绕桥面连接板的横桥向应力问题,采用线弹性理论和板的偏微分方程进行分析,得出了桥面连接板挠度和应力的分布函数,建立非线性有限元模型,并进行实桥荷载试验.通过比较理论解、有限元解和实测试验结果,证实了理论解和有限元的有效性.根据得到的分布函数,发现横桥向和纵桥向上的最大拉应力出现在钢梁端部位置的连接板的上缘.此外,还分析了连接板区域尺寸变化对横桥向应力峰值的影响,包括纵梁端部距支座的长度、纵梁的间距以及连接板区域整体尺寸变化.结果表明:较小的纵梁间距和较长的纵梁端部与支撑之间的距离会导致连接板中的横向拉应力峰值增加,并提高横向拉应力在总应力中的占比,从而导致桥面连接板早于设计荷载开裂.因此对于纵梁间距较小、梁端长度较长的钢-混组合简支梁桥桥面连续结构,仅计算其纵桥向受力性能会导致计算结果偏危险,建议按照本文方法考虑横桥向应力对桥面连接板的影响.

车辆荷载作用下钢-混凝土组合梁疲劳应力分析

【目的】随着桥梁服役期延长和车辆荷载增加等多种因素的影响,结构承载力会变得越来越弱,疲劳寿命不断降低,最终可能导致低应力疲劳破坏。因此有必要对车辆荷载下拱桥钢混组合梁的疲劳细节应力进行研究。【方法】采用数值模拟的方法,利用Midas FEA NX软件建立3个标准长度的三维实体精细有限元模型,分析钢混组合梁易损疲劳关键点的位置,并研究车辆荷载横向最不利加载位置和纵向加载下的疲劳细节应力变化规律。【结果】结果表明,组合梁次横梁与中纵梁交点处有三处疲劳关键点;靠近桥梁中线位置是车辆荷载下钢梁疲劳最不利的横向加载位置;四种不同标准的纵向车辆加载时,三个疲劳关键点均出现两次应力峰值,且最大应力幅值均低于常幅疲劳强度的极限值。【结论】研究成果可为钢-混凝土组合梁试验和相关研究提供参考。

基于Kriging模型与FORM的钢板组合梁桥结构优化设计

考虑材料参数的不确定性以及设计变量多重约束条件的影响,提出了基于可靠性分析的钢板组合梁桥结构优化设计方法。首先,利用拉丁超立方试验设计(Latin hypercube design,LHD)构建试验组合方案,并通过有限元分析获取试验设计组合下的最大挠度响应值。基于获取的训练样本,构建能够表征结构最大挠度值与随机输入之间映射关系的Kriging代理模型。基于建立的代理模型,以钢结构截面积最小化为目标函数,建立符合规范要求与可靠度约束的优化数学模型,并采用一阶可靠性方法(first order reliability method,FORM),实现设计变量优化。通过比较具有相同设计变量上限,但下限分别为初始值的80%和70%两种优化设计方案,评估了两者在相同阈值以及不同阈值下设计变量的优化结果。最后对方案二在阈值为17 mm下的优化结果进行极限状态验算。结果表明:两个优化设计方案在阈值为17 mm下的优化结果更具合理性,并且方案二在同一阈值下具有更高的优化程度。随着阈值增加,优化程度增加,且腹板高度在较大阈值下对结果影响更大,而翼缘宽度在较小阈值下影响更大。

带钢筋桁架楼承板的PRC连梁抗震性能试验研究及数值分析

为适应超高层建筑以及现代工业化住宅建筑体系迅速发展的需要,提出了一种带钢筋桁架楼承板的新型钢板-混凝土组合(plate-reinforced composite,PRC)连梁。通过拟静力试验,分析了不考虑楼板作用、带普通钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)楼板及带钢筋桁架楼承板PRC连梁的破坏形态、承载能力、变形能力和耗能能力等。在此基础上,采用ABAQUS软件分析在不同峰值荷载作用下钢筋桁架楼承板PRC连梁的混凝土、钢板和钢筋骨架的应力发展情况。研究结果表明:钢筋桁架楼承板的设置能显著提高小跨高比PRC连梁的受剪承载力、耗能能力和延性,设置楼板能显著提高连梁的峰值荷载,且带钢筋桁架楼承板对PRC连梁承载力的提升比带普通RC楼板更强,其连梁试件PRC-S3的正向峰值荷载比不带楼板连梁PRC-NS1和带普通RC楼板连梁PRC-S2分别提升了31%和18%,但带楼板连梁在梁板交界处产生通缝之后连梁的刚度退化较为严重;带钢筋桁架楼承板的PRC连梁具有优越的耗能能力,在连梁跨度范围内均出现了显著的对角压杆,主压杆及其衍生压杆共同构成桁架作用来承受剪力;楼承板桁架上下弦钢筋以及连梁纵筋均在连梁根部位置出现应力集中,且连梁试件PRC-S3破坏点对应的累积耗能是不带楼板试件PRC-NS1的1.39倍。

挪威贝特斯塔德大桥钢箱梁吊装施工技术

贝特斯塔德大桥为挪威新建地方公路Fv.17/720(迪雷斯塔德至马尔姆项目)的一部分,位于挪威中部斯泰恩谢尔市,跨越贝斯塔德峡湾。该桥上部结构为钢混凝土叠合梁桥,全长580m,桥宽11m,共6跨,主跨为112m×2,建成时,为中国施工企业建造的最大跨度钢箱混凝土叠合梁桥,基础采用钢管外壳钢筋混凝土斜桩,水中承台采用薄壁圆角承台,墩柱采用实心钢筋混凝土。

公铁混合布置大跨度斜拉桥主梁断面形式研究--以赣江公铁大桥西支主桥设计为例

以赣江公铁两用大桥西支主桥设计为例,研究一种适应上层8车道公路、下层对称双线铁路+4车道公路混合布置的主梁断面形式。提出带挑臂双索面箱桁组合断面、带挑臂单索面箱桁组合断面、矩形箱桁组合断面、矩形钢桁梁断面4种主梁断面方案,采用有限元软件分析各方案静动力性能及受力特点,综合考虑方案构造特点、技术指标、工程数量、公铁运营安全、景观效果等,确定该桥选用带挑臂双索面箱桁组合断面。该桥斜拉索最大索力16000 kN,锚固在下层钢箱梁两侧,通过有限元实体分析对锚拉板和钢锚箱式两种索梁锚固形式进行比选研究,钢锚箱形式受力合理、应力水平低、经济性好,设计采用钢锚箱形式。带挑臂双索面箱桁组合断面桥面空间布置合理、下层公铁行车干扰小、梁端竖向变形最小、经济性好,是一种适应公铁混合布置大跨度斜拉桥主梁断面形式。

波形钢腹板组合板梁桥负弯矩区抗弯性能研究

针对波形钢腹板组合板梁桥,为研究负弯矩区关键设计参数和极限抗弯承载能力计算方法,以某三跨波形钢腹板组合板梁桥为背景,采用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型,探讨波形钢腹板组合板梁桥负弯矩区的受力性能,基于参数敏感性分析明确了负弯矩区钢梁设计参数的合理取值范围,揭示了波形钢腹板组合板梁桥负弯矩区抗弯特性,提出适用于波形钢腹板组合板梁桥的负弯矩区抗弯计算方法。结果表明:支点波形钢腹板厚度由抗剪及屈曲强度控制,负弯矩区受压下翼缘板宽厚比不宜大于28,波形钢腹板抗弯贡献仅约5.7%,实际工程中负弯矩区抗弯承载力计算可忽略波形钢腹板影响。

Interfacial behaviors of epoxy asphalt surfacing on steel decks

A model for predicting the interface behavior of epoxy asphalt and steel composite beam under negative bending is developed incorporating partial interaction theory. Interfacial slips between the steel deck and the epoxy asphalt surfacing are included in the model with a new parameter of membrane stiffness. A series of analytical equations based on this model are derived to calculate slip and strain at the interface. Also, a numerical procedure for calculating the load responses of simply supported composite beams with concentrated force at the mid-span is established and verified with two samples. Characters of slip and strain at the interface, sensitivities of tensile stress and interface shear stress with material parameters are studied. It can be concluded that interfacial effects decrease the bending stiffness of the composite; hard and stiff bonding material is better for asphalt surfacing layer working at normal to low temperatures, and the damage of the asphalt surfacing layer will be accelerated with the damage accumulation of the bonding coat.

大跨度悬挂式单轨钢箱组合梁总体设计及关键技术研究

悬挂式单轨是一种轻型、中速、低成本的新型轨道交通方式,结构轻盈、美观,但是当跨越河流、沟壑等障碍时,存在明显短板。从结构受力、运行安全角度出发,提出一种在斜拉桥的主梁上架设轨道墩柱和轨道梁的新型组合梁结构方案,突破常规悬挂式单轨跨越能力受限的壁垒。为研究斜拉桥主梁与轨道梁墩柱结合部位复杂的受力情况和传力路径,采用ANSYS软件分别建立钢箱梁区段和混凝土箱梁区段有限元模型。结果表明:钢箱梁区段,墩柱荷载主要传递给与之直接相连的横隔板以及中腹板,其中,横隔板受力比较均匀,中腹板受力主要集中在以墩柱为中心,半径约2 m的范围内,基本可以传递至钢梁底板。墩柱轴力的58%传递给与之直接相连的横隔板;墩柱横桥向弯矩的传递过程中,58.8%的剪力传递给与之直接相连的横隔板;墩柱顺桥向弯矩的传递过程中,53.4%的剪力传递给中腹板;混凝土箱梁区段,墩柱荷载主要传递给与之直接相连的混凝土腹板、横隔板。混凝土受力主要集中在以结合面为中心,半径约2 m的范围内,墩柱荷载在结合面以下约0.5 m的范围内基本完成传递,墩柱轴力的68.8%传递给与之直接相连的横隔板;墩柱横桥向弯矩的传递过程中,86.4%的剪力传递给与之直接相连的横隔板;墩柱顺桥向弯矩的传递过程中,44.6%的剪力传递给中腹板。

钢混组合梁斜拉桥非对称张拉施工控制的拉索索力统计敏感性分析

针对非对称张拉施工斜拉桥存在的主梁和桥塔线形控制难题,以某大跨度钢混组合梁斜拉桥施工控制为例,开展了拉索索力统计敏感性分析研究。以斜拉索索力为设计参数,综合采用均匀试验和正交试验设计方法以及多元线性回归和极差分析显著性检验方法,对成桥和施工阶段主梁和桥塔截面的内力、位移进行统计敏感性分析。结果表明:提出的索力统计敏感性分析方法可准确获得成桥和施工阶段的敏感性索力参数;对于成桥阶段,S10、MS10、S9号斜拉索索力为结构线形的敏感性参数;非对称张拉施工时,S10、MS10、S9、MS9、S8、MS8、S5、MS5号斜拉索索力为影响主梁和塔顶截面位移的敏感性参数;若采用对称张拉施工,S10、MS10、S8、MS8、S9、MS9、S7、MS7号斜拉索索力则为影响主梁和塔顶截面位移的敏感性参数。