Analysis of the Application of Static Load Test in Bridge Bearing Capacity Testing

This article uses real engineering projects as examples to analyze how static load test technology is applied in testing the bridge-bearing capacity.The analysis covers aspects such as testing section layout,test load and efficiency coefficient,loading plan,evaluation optimization,test result modification,and result evaluation.The aim is to support the accurate detection and evaluation of bridge-bearing capacity.

Technical Analysis of Highway Bridge Static Load Test

Highway bridges are an important part of the transportation industry and can promote social economic construction and development.In actual operation,highway bridges are often damaged due to overload and natural factors,which tend to affect the safety and shorten the service life of these bridges.Assessing the overall state and performance of highway bridges is therefore a key element.Static load test,which is a type of sustainable detection experiment,has many advantages,including low cost,high efficiency,and high accuracy.In this paper,the bridge structure is analyzed through the application of theoretical calculations and relevant comparisons,so as to judge the operating state of the bridge.

Static Load Test Detection of Continuous Rigid- Frame Railway Bridge

The quality of the continuous rigid-frame railway bridge is related to the safety of train operation,so it is necessary to test its stiffness,strength,and other indicators.Static load test is a common technique for bridge inspection.This article summarizes the purpose of the static load test for a continuous rigid-frame railway bridge,including the required equipment,operation methods,etc.,and lists examples to analyze the operation process and precautions of static load test,hoping to provide reference information for relevant personnel.

Mechanical performance evaluation of a new type of cable-stayed beam-arch combination bridge based on field tests

In order to study the mechanical performance of a new type of cable-stayed beam-arch combination bridge, the results of field static and dynamic load tests are comparatively analyzed with numerical results based on the Jingyi bridge straddling the Daxi River in Yixing. First, the test scheme, tasks, the corresponding measure method, as well as the relevant codes are described. Secondly, two sets of three- dimensional finite element models are established. One is Ansys which uses the solid element and the other is Midas which adopts the beam element. Finally, the experimental and analytical results are comparatively analyzed, and they show an agreement with each other. The results show that the bridge possesses adequate load-carrying capacity under all static load cases, but the capacity of dissipating external input energy is insufficient due to the relatively smaller damping ratio. The study results can provide a reference for further study and optimization of this type of bridge. Calibrated finite-element models that reflect the real conditions can be used as a baseline for future maintenance of the bridge.

Process Monitoring and Terminal Verification of Cable-Stayed Bridges with Corrugated Steel Webs under Contruction

In this paper,the construction process of a cable-stayed bridge with corrugated steel webs was monitored.Moreover,the end performance of the bridge was verified by load test.Owing to the consideration of the bridge structure safety,it is necessary to monitor the main girder deflection,stress,construction error and safety state during construction.Furthermore,to verify whether the bridge can meet the design requirements,the static and dynamic load tests are carried out after the completion of the bridge.The results of construction monitoring show that the stress state of the structure during construction is basically consistent with the theoretical calculation and design requirements,and both meet the design and specification requirements.The final measured stress state of the structure is within the allowable range of the cable-stayed bridge,and the stress state of the structure is normal and meets the specification requirements.The results of load tests show that the measured deflection values of the mid-span section of the main girder are less than the theoretical calculation values.The maximum deflection of the girder is−20.90 mm,which is less than−22.00 mm of the theoretical value,indicating that the girder has sufficient structural stiffness.The maximum impact coefficient under dynamic load test is 1.08,which is greater than 1.05 of theoretical value,indicating that the impact effect of heavy-duty truck on this type of bridge is larger.This study can provide important reference value for construction and maintenance of similar corrugated steel web cable-stayed bridges.

Solid Model Bridge Static Damage Monitoring Based on GBSAR

Bridge deformation monitoring usually adopts contact sensors,and the implementation process is often limited by the environment and observation conditions,resulting in unsatisfactory monitoring accuracy and effect.Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar(GBSAR)combined with corner reflectors was used to perform static load-loaded deformation destruction experiments on solid model bridges in a non-contact manner.The semi parametric spline filtering and its optimization method were used to obtain the monitoring results of the GBSAR radar’s line of sight deformation,and the relative position of the corner reflector and the millimeter level deformation signals under different loading conditions were successfully extracted.The deformation transformation model from the radar line of sight direction to the vertical vibration direction was deduced.The transformation results of deformation monitoring and the measurement data such as the dial indicator were compared and analyzed.The occurrence and development process of bridge deformation and failure were successfully monitored,and the deformation characteristics of the bridge from continuous loading to eccentric loading until bridge failure were obtained.The experimental results show that GBSAR combined with corner reflector can be used for deformation feature acquisition,damage identification and health monitoring of bridges and other structures,and can provide a useful reference for design,construction and safety evaluation.

压弯剪扭复合作用下灌浆套筒装配式RC墩的抗震性能

随着城市交通的快速发展,对其建设要求越来越高,城市桥梁主要为匝道桥、斜交桥等非规则桥梁.为得到压弯剪扭等复合地震作用下装配式墩的损伤机理和滞回特性,进行了灌浆套筒连接(Grouting Sleeve,GS)、灌浆套筒和钢管混凝土剪力键组合连接(Grouting Sleeve and Steel-tube,GSS)装配式墩和钢筋混凝土现浇(Reinforced Concrete,RC)墩等三种桥墩在压弯剪扭复合作用下的拟静力试验.结合现有混凝土结构设计规范计算剪扭相关曲线,并与试验结果进行对比,分析装配式墩复合荷载作用下的剪扭承载能力.结果表明:GS构件与RC构件以压弯扭破坏为主,而插入钢管剪力键的GSS构件则发生塑性铰上移,呈现出剪扭破坏的特征.GS构件和RC构件具有较好的弯曲耗能能力,增加钢管剪力键的GSS构件则可以提升抗弯承载力.装配式墩接头导致其整体性较弱,GS构件和GSS构件抗扭承载力小于RC构件.各构件在复合荷载作用下的剪扭相关关系接近规范中的1/4圆理论曲线,研究结果可以为灌浆套筒连接装配式墩在压弯剪扭复合作用下的抗震性能分析提供参考.

超高桥塔的气弹模型风洞试验及其等效静力风荷载

为研究超高桥塔的气弹模型风洞试验方法及其等效静力风荷载,根据某实际工程中的超高桥塔建立了有限元模型,进行了动力特性计算,进而设计了相应的气弹模型,并开展了风洞试验。在此基础上,开展了超高桥塔风致振动的非线性时程计算,并基于阵风荷载因子法,对比了以位移、内力和应力为单一目标的超高桥塔的等效静力风荷载。结果表明:斜风作用下的桥塔风致振动比较显著,其影响随着风速的增大而愈加明显;当风向角为75°~90°时,超高桥塔将在风速为35~50 m·s^(-1)的区间发生顺桥向的侧弯涡振,但幅值较小;基于应力的阵风荷载因子比基于位移或内力的阵风荷载因子更加稳定,这使得基于应力的等效静力风荷载要优于基于位移或内力的等效静力风荷载,比较适合于超高桥塔。

马鞍山长江公铁大桥2100 MPa高强度钢绞线斜拉索及锚具研制

巢马铁路马鞍山长江公铁大桥副汊航道桥为(58+168+392+168+58)m双塔三索面钢桁梁斜拉桥,斜拉索设计采用抗拉强度2100 MPa、抗疲劳应力幅280 MPa的∅15.2 mm低松弛PE镀锌钢绞线拉索。为保证高强度钢绞线斜拉索的力学及锚固性能,根据其技术指标要求,在1860 MPa钢绞线基础上,研制2100 MPa钢绞线及配套锚具。通过提高钢绞线原材料盘条中C、Si、Mn元素含量及改进钢丝拉拔工艺,选择直径14.0 mm的PQS92Si-HT盘条为2100 MPa钢绞线原材料。为提高钢绞线的锚固性能,夹片选择20CrMnTi钢,夹片长度52 mm、牙高0.45 mm、锥角6°10′、表面粗糙度R a3.2以上且表面硬度不低于56 HRC。根据2100 MPa钢绞线锚具的载荷变化和现行锚具锚板的材料性能,锚板选择40Cr钢,并进行调质处理。对研制的2100 MPa钢绞线及配套锚具进行单孔锚及斜拉索锚具组件疲劳试验及疲劳后静载试验。结果表明:研制的2100 MPa钢绞线及其锚具组件均满足规范要求,可应用于马鞍山长江公铁大桥副汊航道桥。

单箱三室PC连续弯箱梁桥静载试验

为了评估某单箱三室连续弯箱梁桥的实际承载能力,验证桥梁设计和施工质量的可靠度水平,对其进行静载试验。试验结果表明:各控制截面的挠度和应变实测值均比理论分析值小,与之对应的校验系数在规范要求范围内,该弯箱梁桥的结构刚度和强度均满足规范要求;静载试验前后,测试截面附近区域未见明显裂缝。

某单箱三室连续梁桥静载试验研究

为测试某单箱三室连续梁桥整体受力特点,检验桥跨结构的承载能力、结构变形是否满足在正常使用状态下的设计要求,通过Midas/Civil对该桥进行有限元分析,并进行了静载试验研究,测试在静载试验下,各控制截面的应变状态和整体挠度,试验结果表明,各控制截面应变与挠度值实测结果与理论结果基本一致,且与之对应的校验系数在规定范围内,该桥强度和刚度均满足设计要求,桥跨结构的承载能力、结构变形在正常使用状态下均符合设计要求;在加载试验前后,对测试截面附近进行了裂缝观测,没有发现新增裂缝,试验桥跨结构承载力满足设计荷载标准要求。

铁路下承式连续钢桁梁桥静动力性能评估

成昆铁路复线完工后,部分老线区段将并入复线,并开行时速为160 km的动车组。为评估老线中典型桥梁在开行动车组后的服役性能,通过数值仿真及现场静动力荷载试验的方式,对某3×64 m连续钢桁梁桥的静力及动力性能进行检测与评估。研究表明,静力荷载作用下,主桁杆件最大轴向拉、压应力分别为143.1,175.4 MPa,均小于容许应力240 MPa,结构具有足够的强度安全储备。第34、35、36孔挠跨比分别为1/1 756、1/1 940、1/1 732,均小于规范规定的1/1 250,表明该桥具备通行动车组的刚度条件。各工况下活动支座纵向位移最大值为3.195 mm,小于支座纵向位移允许限值,表明各活动支座工作状态良好。动荷载作用下,主梁振型、自振频率与既有检定结果差异不大,且均小于理论计算值。主梁跨中竖向加速度、主梁跨中横向加速度、桥墩横向振幅及活动支座横向变形均满足规范要求,表明该钢桁梁桥主梁、桥墩及支座等主要组成部分的技术指标均满足行车要求。

斜风作用下超大跨跨海斜拉桥典型施工状态抖振响应研究

为研究风偏角和风速对超大跨跨海斜拉桥典型施工状态抖振性能的影响,以黄茅海大桥为背景,通过气弹模型风洞试验对斜风作用下该桥边塔最大单悬臂、中塔最大双悬臂、边塔最大双悬臂3种典型施工状态的抖振响应进行分析,并对基于气弹模型风洞试验和《公路桥梁抗风设计规范》(JTG/T 3360-01—2018)的等效静阵风荷载进行对比。结果表明:超大跨跨海斜拉桥各典型施工状态抖振响应最不利风偏角为0°~30°,各典型施工状态在各风偏角下的抖振响应与风速呈二次函数关系;各典型施工状态下竖向抖振响应主要由主梁一阶对称竖弯模态贡献,横向和扭转抖振响应主要由桥塔一阶横弯模态贡献;与基于气弹模型风洞试验的等效静阵风荷载相比,基于规范计算的等效静阵风荷载偏不安全,建议进一步研究超大跨跨海斜拉桥的等效静阵风荷载。

某上承式箱形拱桥荷载试验研究

为探究某评定标度为4类桥的上承式箱形拱桥的实际承载力,确定该桥的实际受力状况,为后期的加固研究和监控提供科学依据。本文采用现场荷载试验结合有限元分析的方法获取实测值和理论值,静动载试验分别测量挠度、应变和自振特性、冲击系数等参数,再引入静力荷载试验效率和校验系数等参数判定结构特性是否仍满足荷载为公路Ⅰ级的要求。结果表明:部分工况挠度校验系数和应变校验系数不满足规范中0.50<η≤1.00和0.50<η<0.90,但都满足不大于1的要求,表明结构刚度尚有富余;且相对残余挠度和相对残余应变都在20.0%以内,表明结构尚处于弹性范围工作;脉动、跑车和跳车试验结果显示结构的整体刚度优于理论,动力性能良好,且行车平顺。

路桥工程试验检测技术的具体应用

路桥工程质量要求高,工程人员需严格管理施工质量。试验检测是评价施工质量的重要途径,属于质量管理中的重要一环。文章结合道路桥梁工程实例,强调试验检测的重要性及其关键内容、基本流程,进而重点研究静载试验的具体方法,分析试验检测数据,评价道桥工程质量。根据静载试验结果可知,桥梁的挠度和变形均可控,结构呈弹性状态,局部少量的裂缝经过修复后即可恢复正常,无不良影响,桥梁质量可靠。经过试验检测后,为工程施工质量的管控提供了参考依据,有利于提升道路桥梁的建设效果。

双层桥面钢桁架连续梁桥静载试验控制指标研究

针对现行规范未就双层桥面钢桁架连续梁桥静载试验控制指标做出明确要求,基于实验力学及有限元基本原理建立了双层桥面钢桁架连续梁桥的荷载试验计算模型,利用等效荷载原理分别拟定了以弯矩、轴力作为控制指标下控制截面的静载试验加载方案,比较了关键构件在试验荷载作用下的弯矩、轴力加载效率,明确了双层桥面钢桁架连续梁桥的静载试验的控制指标。研究结果表明:在边、中跨最大正弯矩工况的加载效率满足规范要求的布载方式下,杆件轴力的加载效率最小为1.024,最大为1.259;在边、中跨最大轴力工况的加载效率满足规范要求的布载方式下,杆件弯矩的加载效率最小为0.603,最大为0.992;为确保结构安全,建议双层桥面钢桁架连续梁桥静载试验应以弯矩作为控制指标。该研究成果对于双层桥面钢桁架梁桥的静载试验提供了一定参考。

基于局部测点模态测试的简支梁桥承载刚度评定试验研究

快速可靠地检测服役桥梁的承载刚度对保障道路交通线路的安全运营具有重要意义。文章提出一种基于局部测点模态测试的简支梁桥承载刚度评定方法,并以某实际工程中一座简支梁桥为试验对象,对所提方法的可行性和准确性进行验证。设计传统桥梁荷载试验的中载和偏载加载方案,测得各工况下简支梁桥跨中截面的实测静挠度,基于环境激励进行联合测点模态试验和局部测点模态试验,预测简支梁桥跨中截面的模态挠度,并结合桥梁理论挠度计算结构挠度校验系数。结果表明:中载、偏载工况下联合测点模态试验预测的跨中截面模态挠度与静载试验跨中截面实测静挠度的相对误差最大不超过5.7%,基本满足工程精度的要求;联合跨中截面测点和桥面加载点测点的联合测点模态试验能够准确评估桥梁的承载刚度;仅在跨中截面布置传感器的局部测点模态试验预测的模态挠度基本等价于联合测点模态试验预测的模态挠度,两者的相对误差小于2%,局部测点模态测试预测的跨中截面挠度校验系数与静载试验的实测挠度校验系数相比具有很好的一致性。

引江济淮淠河总干渠渡槽桥概念设计

引江济淮淠河总干渠渡槽桥是安徽省1号工程引江济淮河道上的一座通水、通航桥梁,桥上水体重量约4万吨,且旱、涝水位变幅极大,属于超量级可变重载。针对该桥竖向刚度和竖向位移、开口断面抗扭能力以及先建后挖的边坡稳定和基础变位等难以控制的问题进行概念设计。该桥采用左右分幅、上桁下拱的结构方案,有效控制了下挠和上拱值,较好地解决了竖向刚度和竖向位移变幅问题;采用上开下合布置形式,梁式U形槽下设置2个拱片+M形横联,有效控制了侧倾和压弯下挠,解决了U形槽的横向变形和扭转问题;采用外桁内波布置,创造性地采用了一种波形板槽壁,通过叶摆式支撑板连接在桁架桥上,解决了水槽与桥体传递力线、水凉钢热的温差效应、水体与桥槽的流固耦合等问题,并采用水工试验等验证了结构的减振作用;采用分阶段的土体开挖施工方案,形成时间差,解决了先建后挖的边坡稳定和基础变位问题;设置分流岛结构、观景平台和监控景观塔,解决了大体量桥体景观设计问题。充水试验结果表明桥梁结构状态良好。

铁路上承式连续钢桁梁桥的静力性能

南昆线(南宁—昆明)八渡4号桥主桥结构形式为2×64 m单线上承式栓焊连续钢桁梁桥,侯月线(侯马—月山)浍河特大桥主桥结构形式为3×64 m单线上承式栓焊连续钢桁梁桥,两座铁路桥梁设计图号均为贰桥0003,设计荷载为中-活载。为了检验该类桥梁的承载能力及整体刚度,分析其检验评价方法,对两座桥梁进行了静载试验,并将静载试验数据、理论计算值与规范限值进行比较。结果表明:两座钢桁梁桥的承载能力及整体竖向刚度满足规范要求,测试支座活动正常,符合现有状态下的使用运营要求,但该图号钢桁梁的杆件承载能力储备及梁体竖向刚度储备不高。

基于实测频率振型的大跨斜拉桥响应面模型修正研究

为了验证基于实测频率和振型的响应面模型修正方法的准确性与可行性,以某大跨斜拉桥为工程背景,分别进行静载试验和环境激励下的模态测试。以竖向前4阶实测频率及振型作为状态变量,选取合理的修正参数,进行中心复合试验设计;采用考虑交互项的响应面模型进行数据拟合,并计算参数R^(2)值的范围,进行精度检验;分析频率及振型的改变率,将修正后模型的挠度与实测挠度进行对比,验证该模型修正的准确性。结果表明:在参数范围内,各响应面模型的R^(2)值均接近于1,拟合精度较高;修正后模型的频率与振型均接近实测值,能准确反映桥梁的动力特性;修正后模型的挠度计算值与实测值最大误差不超过7.98%,满足工程精度要求,能够真实反映大跨斜拉桥的工作状态。研究证明了基于实测频率与振型的响应面模型修正方法对大跨斜拉桥的适用性和可行性,可为实际工程中类似桥梁的模型修正提供参考。