Tribological behaviors of Fe-Al-Cr-Nb alloyed layer deposited on 45 steel via double glow plasma surface metallurgy technique

Double glow plasma surface metallurgy technique was used to fabricate a Fe?Al?Cr?Nb alloyed layer onto the surface of the 45 steel. The microstructures and composition of th?eA Fl?eCr?Nb alloyed layer were analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results indicate thatthe 20 μm alloyed layer is homogeneous and compact. The alloyed elements exhibit a gradient distribution along the cross section. Microhardness and nanoindentation tests imply that the surface hardness of the alloyed layer reaches HV 580, which is almost 2.8 times that of the substrate. Compared with the substrate, the alloyed layer has a much smaller displacement and a larger elastic modulus. According to the friction and wear tests at room temperature, the? FeAl?Cr?Nb alloyed layer has lower friction coefficient and less wear mass, implying that the Fe?Al?Cr?Nb alloyed layer can effectively improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of the substrate.

A Study of Multi-Permeating TiN/Ti Alloying Layer Using Plasma Surface Alloying Technology

TiN/Ti multi-permeating alloying layer has been formed on the low carbon steel by means of the double glow-discharge plasma surface alloying technique and hollow-cathode effect. The alloying layer was detected by axiovert 25 CA optical microscope with computer analyzing software （LEC）, GDA-2 glow discharge spectroscopy （GDS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and galvanochemical method. The results showed that the thickness of TiN/Ti multi-permeating alloying layer was about 10μm, the content of Ti on the surface was up to 63.48 wt% and the content of N was up to 12.46 wt%. The atom Ti and N concentrations changed gradually across the depth of the alloying layer and the preferred orientation of TiN/Ti alloying layer was crystal surface （200）. The multi-permeating alloying layer and substrate were combined through metallurgy. The surface appearances of the multi-permeating alloying layer were uniform and of a compact cellular structure. The hardness of the surface was about 1600-3000 HV0.1. The corrosion resistance of the permeating TiN/Ti alloying layer in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution was greatly increased and the corrosion rate was only 0.3082 g/m^2. h.

Influence of the Electrode Distance on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Ni-Cr Alloyed Layers Deposited by Double Glow Plasma Surface Metallurgy

Ni-Cr alloyed layers were synthesized on the surface of Q235 mild steel by double-glow plasma surface metallurgy with different electrode distance.The microstructure and phases of the alloyed layer were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The corrosion behavior of the Ni-Cr alloyed layers both in 3.5%NaCl and 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4) solution were systematically investigated by open-circuit potential(OCP),potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The obtained results reveal that the Ni-Cr alloyed layer consists of a deposited layer and an inter-diffusion layer.With increasing the electrode distance,the relative thickness,microstructure and phase composition of the Ni-Cr alloyed layers vary greatly.Polarization data show the Ni-Cr alloyed layer with the electrode distance of 15 mm has highest corrosion resistance and lowest corrosion rate,while EIS results reveal the same trend.The highest protective efficiency in 3.5%NaCl and 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4) solution are 99.23%and 99.92%,respectively,obtained for the Ni-Cr alloyed layer with 15 mm electrode distance.When the electrode distance is too large,a thin and porosity Ni-Cr alloyed layer,caused by low plasma density and Kirkendall effect,will be obtained,and will decrease the protective efficiency in corrosive medium.

DC Plasma Technology Applied to Powder Metallurgy: an Overview

DC plasma is a very promising technology for processing different materials, and is becoming especially interesting when low environmental impact and high-performance treatments are needed. Some of the intrinsic characteristics of DC plasma technology, which make it suitable for powder metallurgy （PM） and powder injection molding （PIM） parts production, are low- pressure processing and plasma environment high reactivity. Moreover it can be considered as a highly competitive green technology. In this work, an overview of some of the important DC plasma techniques applied to PM and PIM parts processing is presented. Emphasis is given to the descriptions of the main characteristics and the technique potentials of plasma-assisted nitriding, plasma-assisted thermal debinding, plasma-assisted sintering, and simultaneously plasma-assisted sintering and surface alloying. The aspects presented and discussed in this paper indicate that DC plasma processes are promising and competitive techniques for PM and PIM parts processing.

Double Glow Plasma Surface Alloyed Burn-resistant Titanium Alloy

Conventional titanium alloy may be ignited and burnt under high temperature, high pressure and high gas flow velocity condition. In order to avoid this problem, we have developed a new kind of burn-resistant titanium alloy—double glow plasma surface alloying burn-resistant titanium alloy. Alloying element Cr , Mo, Cu are induced into the TJ-6A1-4V and Ti-6.5Al-0.3Mo-l.5Zr-0.25Si substrates according to double glow discharge phenomenon, Ti-Cr ,Ti-Mo, Ti-Cu binary burn-resistant alloy layers are formed on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6.5Al-0.3Mo-l.5Zr-0.25Si alloys. The depth of the surface burn-resistant alloy layer can reach to above 200 microns and alloying element concentration can reach 90%. Burn-resistant property experiments reveal that if Cr concentration reach to 14%, Cu concentration reach to 12%, Mo concentration reach to 10% in the alloying layers, ignition and burn of titanium alloy can be effectively avoided.

Cooperative effect of surface alloying and laser texturing on tribological performance of lubricated surfaces

The cooperative effect of laser surface texturing(LST) and double glow plasma surface alloying on tribological performance of lubricated sliding contacts was investigated.A Nd:YAG laser was used to generate microdimples on steel surfaces. Dimples with the diameter of 150μm and the depth of 30-35μm distributed circumferentially on the disc surface.The alloying element Cr was sputtered to the laser texturing steel surface by double glow plasma technique.A deep diffusion layer with a thickness of 30μm and a high hardness of HV900 was formed in this alloy.Tribological experiments of three types of samples(smooth,texturing and texturing+alloying) were conducted with a ring-on-disc tribometer to simulate the face seal.It is found that,in comparison with smooth steel surfaces,the laser texturing samples significantly reduce the friction coefficient.Moreover,the lower wear rate of the sample treated with the two surface techniques is observed.

Tribological Properties of Dimpled Surface Alloying Layer on Carbon Steel

The effect of surface structure and coating on tribological properties of 45^# carbon steel disc was analyzed. A Nd：YAG laser was used to generate rnicrodirnples on steel surfaces. Dimples with diameter of 150 rn and depth of 50 rn were distributed in an orbicular array on disc surface. Then the alloying element Mo was sputtered to 45# carbon steel disc surface by means of double glow plasma technology. Diffusion Mo alloying layer with 30min thickness and high hardness up to 0.025 was formed on the disc surface. Tribological experiments of three types samples （smooth, texturing and texturing＋alloying） were conducted with a pin-on-disc tribometer. It is found that the dimpled-samples are most effective for reducing friction in comparison with smooth steel surthces, improving the lubricating state from boundary to hydrodynamic region.

Ti-6Al-4V表面双层辉光离子渗Cr研究

利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术,在Ti-6Al-4V的表面渗入Cr元素,形成Ti-Cr阻燃合金层。系统地研究了温度、保温时间、源极电压、工件电压、极间距等工艺参数对渗层显微组织、成分及厚度的影响,得出了合理的工艺参数。870℃渗Cr 2 h,渗层厚度可达到60μm以上。阻燃合金层的成分呈梯度分布,显微组织为基体组织加少量弥散分布的Cr2Ti金属间化合物。初步阻燃试验证明,渗Cr合金层起到了预期的阻燃效果。

Ti-Cu表面阻燃钛合金研究

利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术,在Ti-6Al-4V的表面渗入Cu元素,在其表面形成Ti-Cu阻燃合金层。阻燃合金层的成分及硬度呈梯度分布,显微组织为基体组织加弥散分布的Ti2Cu金属间化合物。初步阻燃试验证明,渗铜合金层起到了预期的阻燃效果。

双辉等离子表面冶金技术的新进展

总结了近年来双层辉光离子渗金属技术的发展,介绍了以双辉工艺在钛及钛合金表面形成阻燃合金,采用无氢渗碳在钛及钛合金表面形成高硬抗磨层,在纯铁、碳钢等基材表面形成时效硬化高速钢,在纯铜表面形成Ti-Cu耐磨合金等表面冶金新技术。

钛合金表面双层辉光离子渗铝的研究

利用双层辉光渗金属技术,以铝为源极、TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)为阴极、氩气为工作气体,依靠辉光放电和不等电位空心阴极效应在TC4表面形成合金层。采用X射线衍射和辉光放电光谱分析了合金层的相组成及渗层内Al元素的分布,并对其进行硬度测试。结果表明:渗层由Ti3Al和α-Ti组成;铝的含量可达18%;渗层厚度可达13滋m;其硬度比经渗铝处理后的有了较大程度的提高。

双层辉光离子渗Cr合金层组织和性能

在Q235钢表面进行双层辉光离子渗Cr,表面Cr含量约为40%,渗层厚度近50 μm.然后进行超饱和渗C,表面含C量达到2.7%左右,超过平衡碳计算值.随后进行淬火+低温回火处理,经X射线衍射分析,合金化层碳化物类型为M23C6,M7C3,尺寸为1～2 μm.表面硬度达到HV 1 200左右.将表面冶金试样进行摩擦因数和耐磨性能试验,结果表明,表面冶金试样摩擦因数为0.21～0.28,耐磨性是Q235钢渗碳淬火试样的1.62倍.将表面冶金试样在10%的H2SO4、3.5%的NaCl水溶液和H2S富液(含H2S 5～8 g/L,NH3·H2O 20 g/L)中进行电化学腐蚀试验,结果表明,表面冶金试样在10%的H2SO4、3.5%的NaC1水溶液和H2S富液中的耐腐蚀程度比Q235基体试样分别提高了2.35,3.10,2.14倍.

双层辉光法制备含银抗菌不锈钢层工艺

为了研究双层辉光法制备含银抗菌不锈钢层，通过抗菌试验、盐干湿循环腐蚀试验、SEM、XPS等手段，研究了扩散工艺参数与抗菌性能、耐蚀性能之间的关系。结果表明，双层辉光法制备含银抗菌不锈钢层的可行工艺参数为：电压1．2kV，气流量为20～40ml／min，时间为3h；含银抗菌不锈钢的杀菌率可达到100％，耐蚀性能没有降低；银在基体中呈弥散状态分布，其价态为一价。

双辉等离子表面冶金Ti-Cu阻燃合金的制备工艺

为解决整体阻燃钛合金存在的比强度低、加工性差及价格昂贵等问题, 利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术,在Ti 6Al 4V的表面渗入Cu元素, 在其表面形成Ti Cu阻燃合金层。研究了温度、保温时间、源极电压、工件电压、极间距等工艺参数对渗层显微组织、成分及厚度的影响, 得出了适合的工艺参数。870 ℃渗铜 3.5 h, 渗层厚度可达到200μm以上。阻燃合金层的成分呈梯度分布, 显微组织为基体组织加弥散分布的Ti2Cu金属间化合物。初步阻燃实验证明, 渗Cu合金层起到了预期的阻燃效果。

等离子渗Mo对TC4合金耐磨及拉伸性能的影响

研究了TC4合金表面经等离子渗Mo处理后的耐磨性能和拉伸性能。通过SEM、EDS、SMM等研究渗Mo改性层的组织成分及断口形貌,并分析其磨损机理和拉伸性能。结果表明:TC4合金表面经等离子渗Mo处理后,其耐磨性能随表面硬度的提高而明显改善,且抗拉强度与原始基体相比仅略有下降,即达到了使合金的耐磨性能提高而基体力学性能不受损害的预期目的。

渗铝温度对Ti_2AlNb合金高温抗氧化性能的影响

利用双辉等离子表面冶金技术在Ti_2AlNb合金表面制备渗铝层,借助SEM,EDS和XRD研究了3种工艺温度下(720,780和840℃)渗铝层的微观组织及其相组成,并测试了渗铝温度对Ti_2AlNb合金高温氧化性能的影响。结果表明:等离子渗铝层由沉积层和扩散层组成,随着渗铝温度的升高,扩散层厚度不断增加,且内部Al、Ti和Nb元素浓度呈梯度分布。经渗铝处理后的Ti_2AlNb合金在850℃空气中的氧化速度主要受扩散层Al元素与基体Ti、Nb元素之间的热扩散过程控制。氧化动力学曲线呈对数变化规律。在840℃制备的渗铝层具有最佳的抗高温氧化性能。

双层辉光等离子表面冶金技术

在离子渗氮技术的基础上,发展了双层辉光离子渗金属技术。该技术已成功地将固态合金元素如Ni,Cr,Mo,W,Ti,Al,Nb,Zr以及它们的组合渗入金属材料表面,形成一系列高硬度、耐磨、抗腐蚀合金层。例如在钢铁材料表面形成高速钢和镍基合金;在钛合金表面形成阻燃及耐磨合金等。该技术已获美、英、加等多国专利。本文简要介绍双辉技术的基本原理、主要工艺参数、主要研究结果和应用等。

渗碳温度对Ti_2AlNb合金摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用双辉等离子表面冶金技术,在不同温度下对Ti_2AlNb合金进行渗碳处理。研究不同渗碳温度对Ti_2AlNb合金微观组织、显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:整个渗碳层包括石墨沉积层、硬质碳化物层和扩散层,其厚度随渗碳温度的增加而增加。从硬质碳化物层到基体,试样硬度呈梯度递减规律;且工艺温度越高,渗碳硬度曲线越平缓。在970、1050和1100℃制备的渗碳试样的比磨损率分别是基体的1/14.67,1/14.96和1/16.64,其平均摩擦因数均小于基体,表现出良好的减摩和耐磨性能,磨损机制为磨粒磨损。

双辉等离子表面Ni-Cr合金渗层的组织及耐蚀性能研究

采用双层辉光等离子表面冶金技术在Q235钢表面制备Ni-Cr合金渗层,对合金渗层的组织特征、成分和耐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明:Ni-Cr合金渗层与基体呈现良好的冶金结合状态;渗层中Ni,Cr元素含量由表及里逐渐减少,厚度约为30μm,渗层主要物相为Ni2.9Cr0.7Fe0.36。电化学极化试验表明经Ni-Cr共渗处理后试样的耐蚀性明显优于基材,且Ni-Cr合金渗层的保护效率高达99.7468%,而孔隙率仅有0.2%。

Al-Cr涂层对TC21合金抗氧化和热腐蚀性能的影响

采用双辉等离子表面渗铬和后续多弧离子镀铝处理在TC21合金表面制备Al-Cr涂层;同时研究Al-Cr涂层在850℃下的高温氧化行为和850℃下25%NaCl+75%Na_2SO_4(质量分数)混合盐中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明:Al-Cr复合涂层包括表面富Al沉积层、中间Al-Cr扩散层和内侧Cr-Ti互扩散层。在850℃氧化100 h后,Al-Cr涂层表面生成致密Al_2O_3膜,对基体有很好的保护作用;中间Al-Cr扩散层中Cr元素的存在促进Al的选择性氧化,有利于涂层的后续氧化行为。在850℃混合熔盐中腐蚀100 h后,内部Cr-Ti扩散区仍保持完整,涂层表现出较好的热腐蚀抗力。