Influence of Cross-Sectional Flow Area of Annular Volute Casing on Transient Characteristics of Ceramic Centrifugal Pump

The annular volute is typically used in a slurry pump to reduce the collisions between solid particles and the volute tongue and to achieve a better resistance to blocking. However, only limited studies regarding annular volutes are available, and there is no systematic design method for annular volutes. In this study, the influence of volute casing cross-sectional flow area on the hydraulic loss, pressure pulsations, and radial force under varying working conditions in a centrifugal ceramic pump are discussed in detail. Experimental tests were conducted to validate the numerical results. The results indicated that, when the volute casing flow area increases, the hydraulic performance decreases marginally under the rated working conditions, but increases at the o-design points, specifically under large flow condition. However, the volute casing with a larger flow area has a wider high-e ciency region. In addition, the increase in the volute casing flow area will decrease the pressure pulsations in the volute, regardless of the working condition, and decrease the radial force on the shaft, therefore, providing an improved pump operational stability. It is anticipated that this study will be of benefit during the design of annular volutes.

Experimental Investigation on the Flow-induced Noise under Variable Conditions for Centrifugal Pumps

With extensively using of centrifugal pumps,noise generation in these pumps is increasingly receiving research attention in recent years.The noise sources in centrifugal pumps are mainly composed of mechanical noise and flow-induced noise.And the study of flow-induced noise has become a hotspot and important domain in the field.The flow-induced noise closely related to the inner pressure pulses and vibration of volute in pumps,therefore,it is necessary to research the interaction and mechanism among them.To investigate the relationships,a test system is designed which includes a test loop and a measurement system.The hydrophones and pressure sensors are installed on the outlet of the pump and vibration acceleration sensors are disposed on the pump body.Via these instruments,the signals of noise,pressure pulses and vibration are collected and analyzed.The results show that the level of flow-induced noise becomes smaller as the flow increment during low flow rate operations,and it is steadily close to the design point,then it increases with the growing of flow rate in high flow rate conditions.Furthermore,there are some similar peak points in the power spectrum charts of noise,pressure pulses and vibration.The broadband noise at low flow rate is mostly focused on the region of 0-40 times shaft frequency,which is mostly made by rotating stall and vortex;while the noise at high flow rate conditions is focused on the region of 60-100 times shaft frequency,which may be mostly made by cavitations.The proposed research is of practical and academic significance to the study of noise reduction for centrifugal pumps.

导叶安装角度对离心泵叶轮结构特性的影响

为提高带导叶蜗壳式离心泵的运行稳定性,研究了不同导叶安装角度对离心泵性能及叶轮结构力学响应的影响.以某带导叶蜗壳泵为研究对象,首先对其进行流场数值模拟,再通过静态和瞬态结构分析模块将水压力载荷导入叶轮结构,以实现单向流固耦合分析,研究不同导叶安装角度下叶轮变形与等效应力变化规律,最后通过模态分析研究叶轮结构的振动特性.结果表明:随着导叶安装角度减小,泵的高效区向小流量工况偏移,并且最高效率逐渐增大,最大提高2.1%;单向流固耦合分析得到的稳态结果与瞬态结果规律一致,其中叶轮最大变形量和最大等效应力值都随流量的增大而减小,在设计工况附近,都随导叶安装角度的减小而减小,最大差值为3.3%,且最大等效应力值变化的幅值较小;预应力对叶轮干模态固有频率的影响可忽略不计,与干模态对比,湿模态下的固有频率有较显著下降.

基于POD/DMD降阶模型的离心泵蜗壳内非稳态流动分析

为深入研究离心泵蜗壳内非线性耦合流动的本质流动特征,本文以一单级单吸式离心泵蜗壳为研究对象,分别采用本征正交分解和动态模态分解2种降阶模型对蜗壳内非定常流场数据进行模态分析,获取流场主导流动结构,并对原流场进行重构。研究发现:蜗壳内流结构主要由速度正负交错,并且周期性特征与叶频及其倍频相关的成对涡旋组成。本征正交分解和动态模态分解方法均可以捕捉流场主要流动结构,并对原流场进行准确还原,两者重构流场与原流场的均方根误差均在0.4%以内。尽管本征正交分解方法在重构流场时整体均方根误差更小,但无法获取单频率流动结构,而动态模态分解方法可以获得不同频率流动结构对流场的贡献,从而捕捉到复杂流场中的不稳定模态。研究成果可以为增强离心泵全局流动的认知、关键水力部件优化设计及发展主/被动流动控制提供理论参考。

蜗壳断面形状对大型双吸泵性能影响的数值模拟

为研究蜗壳不同断面形状对大型双吸离心泵性能的影响,在确保其他因素不变的条件下,设计3种不同的蜗壳方案进行瞬态数值模拟。结果表明:3种蜗壳断面方案在设计工况下,圆形蜗壳的效率最高为90.7%,其次是梨形蜗壳,效率为90.2%,矩形蜗壳的效率最低为88.9%,且圆形蜗壳的高效区有所扩大;在各流量工况下圆形蜗壳能量损失率均为最少,在设计工况时圆形蜗壳的能量损失率为0.3%,矩形蜗壳的能力损失率为1.1%;在大流量和设计流量下,圆形蜗壳的叶轮所受径向力均最小,梨形蜗壳次之,矩形蜗壳最大;在设计工况下,3种蜗壳方案对蜗壳上的压力脉动均呈现周期性变化,圆形蜗壳在各检测点处压力脉动的振幅幅度均为最小。

基于曲率控制前缘的离心泵压力脉动及水力性能分析

蜗壳式离心泵作为流体输送的核心设备,压力脉动及水利性能对泵的稳定性、噪声、寿命等有重大影响。结合曲率控制前缘的设计方法,按增长率1.19%、0.47%、0.32%设计,建立前缘轴长比为0.96、2.11、3.11、4.11的蜗壳式离心泵,以SSTκ-ω模型定常计算结果为初始条件,进行κ-εRNG模型非定常分析,通过频域图分析蜗壳式离心泵压力脉动,并通过矢量云图分析水力性能。结果表明:设计的模型最佳流量为35 m 3/h,设计效率与模拟效率误差仅为2%;前缘轴长比不同,流道内压力扩散有差异;前缘轴长比为3.11时出口压力脉动偏低,低频区更易产生压力脉动;前缘轴长比为0.96时,压力脉动范围偏小,适用于一定流量范围内扬程变化较大的工况。

Effect of the volute tongue cut on pressure pulsations of a low specific speed centrifugal pump

The volute tongue,as the crucial component inducing rotor-stator interaction,is detrimental to unsteady pressure pulsations of centrifugal pumps.In the present paper,to investigate the effect of the volute tongue cut on pressure pulsations of a low specific speed centrifugal pump,three volute tongues are obtained through twice cuts,named cases 1,2,3.Twenty measuring points are evenly mounted on periphery of the volute casing to obtain unsteady pressure signals using high response transducers.Pressure amplitudes at the blade passing frequency fBPF and root mean square(rms)values in 0 Hz-500 Hz frequency band are applied to evaluate the cutting effect.Results show that pressure spectrum is significantly affected by the volute tongue cut,especially for the component at fBPF.For different measuring points,influences of the volute tongue cut on three cases are not identical.From nns values,it is evident that cutting the volute tongue will lead to pressure energy increasing for most of the concerned measuring points,especially for the points at the far away region from the volute tongue.Finally,from comparison with the original shape case 1,the averaged increment of the twenty points is more than 20%.So it is concluded that for this type centrifugal pump,cutting the volute tongue is not reasonable considering low pressure pulsation requirement.

Flow of Viscous Oil in the Volute of a Centrifugal Pump

The flows of water as well as viscous oil in the three rectangular sections of the volute of a centrifugal pump are measured by using a two-dimensional laser Doppler velocimetry(LDV) in the best efficiency and part-loading points, respectively. The results show that the magnitude of tangential component of absolute velocity is one order larger than that of radial component. There are spiral motions in the sections of the volute. The angular momentum of liquid in the volute isn’t conservative and the viscosity of liquid is larger, this situation is more severe. The flow of water or viscous oil in the volute is diffused in both best efficiency point and part-loading points. The diffusion of the flow is weakened while pumping the viscous oil.

大型立式离心泵压力脉动特性研究

大型立式离心泵目前广泛应用于大型水利工程。水泵在运行时所产生的压力脉动可能导致机组产生振动进而影响机组性能。本研究采用数值模拟方法,基于尺度自适应SAS模型,对泵的三维流体域进行了详细的网格划分和边界条件设定,通过网格无关性验证和试验验证,证明了数值模拟方法的可靠性。研究结果表明,吸水室压力脉动的主频幅值随流量增加呈减小趋势,小流量工况下出现了低频脉动。叶轮的压力脉动主要受到两倍转频的影响,而压水室的压力脉动则以叶片通过频率为主。特别是在小流量工况下,压水室的压力脉动幅值显著增大,这一现象与流体动力学特性及蜗道结构特征密切相关。此外,压水室中隔板的存在对压力脉动的传递起到了一定的阻挡作用,但在特定位置如隔舌附近,压力脉动幅值仍然较大。本研究对于理解立式离心泵压力脉动特性及其影响因素具有一定的指导作用。

导叶安放位置对离心泵蜗壳水力损失影响的数值研究

针对导叶安放位置对蜗壳水力损失影响的问题,对不同导叶安放位置下离心泵水动力特性进行了数值分析,并加以试验验证。首先,选取了5组不同的导叶安放位置,并开展了外特性试验以验证数值模拟结果的准确性;其次,基于数值模拟结果,分析了导叶安放位置对过流部件总压降变化的影响规律;然后,采用回转面展开的方式,研究了不同导叶位置下蜗壳进口来流条件变化,分析了导叶位置对蜗壳来流的影响;最后,分析蜗壳流道由进口至出口的总压变化规律,结合流场分布分析了导叶位置对蜗壳水力损失影响规律。研究结果表明:不同导叶位置下离心泵扬程和效率最大差异分别约为4.8%和3.5%;受蜗壳出口段漩涡影响严重,蜗壳水力损失变化明显高于其他部件;在θd 4位置时,出口段漩涡影响最小,蜗壳水力损失显著下降;隔舌位于导叶流道中间位置时,蜗壳来流均匀,蜗壳水力损失显著下降,泵性能更优。

蜗壳型线切割对小型离心泵性能和流场影响的数值研究

采用小型循环泵可以使燃气热水器实现热水零等待.针对此类型泵所处的特殊运行环境,提出了一种蜗壳型线切割设计方法.以某燃气热水器用离心泵为研究对象,引入切割方位角θ_(s)定义周向切割位置,并采用数值模拟方法,探究不同周向切割位置对泵水力性能和流场的影响.结果表明:蜗壳型线切割使蜗壳过流面积在相应周向范围内呈现先减后增的变化规律,并在蜗壳切割面上形成低压区.而当切割方位角θ_(s)=150°时,该低压区恰好处在叶片出口端,更多介质改经叶片吸力面侧流入蜗壳,对应流道通流量上升,叶片做功能力因叶片两侧压差增大而增强,从而使水泵扬程在大流量工况基本保持不变的基础上,于Q=7 L/min工况点提升约2.7%.但蜗壳型线切割同时破坏了型线的曲率连续性,使蜗壳内的流动损失增加,水泵在各工况的运行效率出现了不同程度的下降.

弯曲隔板对双蜗壳离心泵水力特性的影响

为探讨弯曲隔板对双蜗壳离心泵水力特性的影响,对直隔板和弯曲隔板的双蜗壳离心泵进行数值模拟,以能量性能、内流场和叶轮径向力为水力特性评价指标,研究了弯曲隔板及隔板不同弯曲曲率半径对水力特性的影响。结果表明:相较常规直隔板,采用弯曲隔板能提高扬程和效率同时随着弯曲曲率半径的减小,扬程和效率逐渐提高,在设计工况扬程提高4%,效率提高1%;在偏离设计工况时,提升效果不明显;在设计工况,弯曲隔板双蜗壳泵内压力场分布均匀,低压区范围小,隔板到隔舌的能量损失小,该现象随着曲率半径的减小进一步改善;采用弯曲隔板较直隔板能较好地平衡径向力,相同工况下曲率半径越小叶轮所受径向力越小,在偏离设计工况运行时,径向力平衡效果显著,在设计工况,隔板曲率半径为150 mm方案相比直隔板方案叶轮所受径向力减少11%。

Numerical prediction of 3-D periodic flow unsteadiness in a centrifugal pump under part-load condition

Numerical simulation and 3-D periodic flow unsteadiness analysis for a centrifugal pump with volute are carried out in whole flow passage, including the impeller with twisted blades, the volute and the side chamber channels under a part-load condition. The pressure fluctuation intensity coefficient （PFIC） based on the standard deviation method, the time-averaged velocity unsteadiness intensity coefficient （VUIC） and the time-averaged turbulence intensity coefficient （TIC） are defined by averaging the results at each grid node for an entire impeller revolution period. Therefore, the strength distributions of the periodic flow unsteadiness based on the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （URANS） equations can be analyzed directly and in detail. It is shown that under the 0.6Qd~. condition, the pressure fluctuation intensity is larger near the blade pressure side than near the suction side, and a high fluctuation intensity can be observed at the beginning section of the spiral of the volute. The flow velocity unsteadiness intensity is larger near the blade suction side than near the pressure side. A strong turbulence intensity can be found near the blade suction side, the impeller shroud side as well as in the side chamber. The leakage flow has a significant effect on the inflow of the impeller, and can increase both the flow velocity unsteadiness intensity and the turbulence intensity near the wall. The accumulative flow unstea- diness results of an impeller revolution can be an important aspect to be considered in the centrifugal pump optimum design for obtaining a more stable inner flow of the pump and reducing the flow-induced vibration and noise in certain components.

双蜗壳隔板设计参数对离心泵外特性和径向力特性的影响

为了阐释隔板起点位置、终点位置及二者匹配关系对离心泵外特性和径向力特性的影响,文中提出6种研究方案,借助仿真软件CFX分别对每种方案进行全流道稳态模拟,进而获得离心泵内部流动状态、机组外特性及径向力参数,并对部分方案进行水力性能测试以验证计算准确性.研究结果表明:最优隔板模型起点位置与隔舌相隔180°,终点位置与起点位置处于同一径向平面,该模型能兼顾离心泵的外特性及径向力特性;离心泵外特性对隔板起点位置不敏感,在理想隔板模型起点位置基础上,将隔板起点与隔舌之间角度额外增加30°,外特性变化最大偏差均小于2%;隔板长度随着隔板终点位置向蜗壳出口的移动而增加,这对小流量工况下离心泵内部流态具有一定整流作用,外特性曲线表现出小流量变优、大流量变差的特点,曲线形状趋于陡峭;隔板起点、终点偏于最优模型时,蜗壳平衡径向能力呈下降趋势,但均优于单蜗壳.研究结果可以为解决小基圆蜗壳因空间狭小难以实现双蜗壳设计提供参考.

大型立式蜗壳离心泵主要参数选择及模型试验

针对泵站扬程变幅大、泥沙含量大的运行环境,研究了立式蜗壳离心泵的水力特性,为水泵参数选取提供依据。结合重庆市渝西水资源配置工程金刚沱泵站工程特性及类似工程经验,对水泵参数的选择进行了优化,同时为验证水泵模型的水力特性,进行了水泵模型试验。试验结果表明:水泵模型效率、压力脉动、空化特性等各项指标均满足要求,水泵在中高扬程段装置空化系数裕量充足,低扬程段可以保证稳定运行,预计水泵将拥有良好的水力性能。研究成果说明水泵参数选择合理,可为同类型水泵的选型设计及水力开发提供参考。

离心泵蜗壳内部流动诱导噪声的数值计算

鉴于离心泵内部流动声场边界条件复杂,直接求解需要高昂的计算资源且数值模拟难度大,采用间接混合算法,基于CFD+Lighthill声比拟理论对蜗壳内部流场进行声学求解.在分析离心泵蜗壳内部流场主要噪声源是偶极子的基础上,采用基于S-A模型的分离涡模拟(DES)方法进行三维非定常流场计算.提取作用在蜗壳内表面的脉动力作为偶极子声源导入声学求解器SYSNOISE5.6,采用直接边界元法(DBEM)进行内声场求解,得到偶极子声源和内声场的声压分布图.积分求得蜗壳及出口管道表面监测点的声压级大小.声场计算的结果表明:离心泵蜗壳内部流动诱导噪声源的分布与压力脉动直接相关,在主要产生压力脉动的隔舌附近,有较强的偶极子源分布,其频率特性与压力脉动相似.场点声压值与偶极子源的大小之间不是简单的线性关系,叶频下最强.用管道法进行离心泵出口流动噪声的测试是可行的,流量是声场辐射的主要影响因素之一.

离心泵流体激励力诱发的振动:蜗壳途径与叶轮途径

研究蜗壳、叶轮途径流体力诱发的离心泵振动,分析CFD蜗壳内表面流体力作用下电机-离心泵-机架FEM模型瞬态响应;用Newmark-β算法分析CFD叶轮表面流体合力、合力矩作用下叶轮-转轴-支撑-机架转子动力学模型响应;并对比蜗壳、叶轮两条途径流体力诱发离心泵基座振动。结果表明,泵内表面流体压力脉动为宽频激振源,会诱使离心泵系统产生各阶模态振动;流体力通过叶轮途径诱发离心泵基座振动位移幅值谱最大峰值出现在叶轮转频处,振动加速度幅值谱最大峰值出现在叶轮流道通过频率处,而非叶片通过频率处;流体力通过蜗壳途径诱发的离心泵基座振动远小于叶轮途径诱发的振动,叶轮-转轴-支撑-机架为流体激励诱发离心泵基座振动的主要途径。

离心泵内部动静干涉作用的数值模拟

采用压力边界条件对一单级单吸蜗壳式离心泵进行了三维非定常数值模拟计算,模拟过程中给定离心泵入口总压和出口静压,结合滑移网格技术,成功地捕捉了叶轮-蜗壳的动静干涉作用引起的非定常流动特性。计算结果表明,离心泵内流场周期性脉动明显,蜗壳内静压及叶片载荷分别以叶片旋转频率、叶轮旋转频率发生周期性变化。蜗壳几何形状的不对称性影响了动静干涉作用在离心泵内部的传播,引起了离心泵内流动沿周向分布不均匀现象。

双蜗壳式离心泵内部非定常流动压力特性分析

为研究双蜗壳式离心泵内部流动特性,基于标准k-ε湍流模型和标准无滑移网格模型,应用CFX软件对其不同工况下的非定常流动进行三维数值模拟,得到了不同工况下双蜗壳式离心泵叶轮和蜗壳内部流道的压力脉动特性。计算结果表明,在小流量工况下,各监测点处的压力脉动都比较大且不均匀;在叶轮流道中,叶轮流道靠近出口边缘的压力脉动是叶轮流道其他区域压力脉动的5～8倍;在流量Q为34、110、148、160 m^3/h 4个工况下叶轮分别旋转30步（90°）和90步（270°）时,压力脉动出现最大值。双蜗壳内圈流道的压力脉动强于外圈流道的压力脉动且隔舌处出现压力脉动较大值,大流量工况下双蜗壳隔舌和出口产生一定回流导致蜗壳该处附近监测点压力脉动先减小后增大。从傅里叶变换得到频域特性可知,叶频及其倍频是压力脉动的主要频率,且呈衰减趋势。

基于流固耦合的离心泵蜗壳振动特性优化

针对具有超厚叶片的离心泵叶轮与蜗壳匹配问题,采用双向耦合方法对3种蜗壳结构产生的振动位移和振动速度进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,由于叶轮与隔舌之间的流场动静干涉作用,蜗壳受到交替的激振力作用,在不同时刻振动位移和振动速度分布呈周期性变化;蜗壳基圆直径与叶轮直径的比值D3/D2对蜗壳振动有明显的影响,当D3/D2≤1.013时,超厚叶片出口压力诱导蜗壳振动强烈;当D3/D2逐渐增大时,蜗壳振动明显减弱。在设计工况下,方案A(D3/D2=1.013)振动位移最大值为4.288×10-6m,振动速度最大值为8.547×10-4m/s;方案C(D3/D2=1.19)振动位移最大值为2.923×10-6m,振动速度最大值为5.253×10-4m/s;优选方案B(D3/D2=1.13)的振动最小,其位移和速度最大值分别为2.56×10-6m和4.823×10-4m/s,仅约为方案A的60%。该结果也验证了径向力的作用规律与蜗壳振动特性的直接关联性。