Three different kinds of PELE(the penetrator with lateral efficiency) were launched by ballistic artillery to impact the multi-layer spaced metal target plates.The lmpact velocities of the projectiles were measured by...Three different kinds of PELE(the penetrator with lateral efficiency) were launched by ballistic artillery to impact the multi-layer spaced metal target plates.The lmpact velocities of the projectiles were measured by the velocity measuring system.The damage degree and process of each laye r of target plate impacted by the three kinds of projectiles were analyzed.The experimental results show that all the three kinds of projectiles have the effect of expanding holes on the multi-layer spaced metal target plates.For the normal structure PELE(without layered) with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE with tungsten alloy jacket,the diameters of holes on the seco nd layer of plates are 3.36 times and 3.76 times of the diameter of the projectile,re spectively.For radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket,due to the large number of tungsten wires dispersed after the impact,the diameter of the holes on the four-layer spaced plates can reach 2.4 times,3.04 times,5.36 times and 2.68 times of the diameter of the projectile.Besides,the normal structure PELE with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE whit tungsten alloy jacket formed a large number of fragments impact marks on the third target plate.Although the number of fragments penetrating the third target plate is not as large as that of the normal structure PELE,the area of dispersion of fragments impact craters on the third target plate is larger by the radial layered PELE.The radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket released a lot of heat energy due to the impact of the matrix material,and formed a large area of ablation marks on the last three target plates.展开更多
Towards higher impact velocities,ballistic events are increasingly determined by the material temperatures.Related effects might range from moderate thermal softening to full phase transition.In particular,it is of gr...Towards higher impact velocities,ballistic events are increasingly determined by the material temperatures.Related effects might range from moderate thermal softening to full phase transition.In particular,it is of great interest to quantify the conditions for incipient or full melting of metals during impact interactions,which result in a transition from still strength-affected to hydrodynamic material behavior.In this work,we investigate to which extent the respective melting thresholds are also dependent on the initial,and generally elevated,temperatures of projectiles and targets before impact.This is studied through the application of a model developed recently by the authors to characterize the transition regime between high-velocity and hypervelocity impact,for which the melting thresholds of materials were used as the defining quantities.The obtained results are expected to be of general interest for ballistic application cases where projectiles or targets are preheated.Such conditions might result,for example,from aerodynamic forces acting onto a projectile during atmospheric flight,explosive shapedcharge-jet formation or armor exposure to environmental conditions.The performed analyses also broaden the scientific understanding of the relevance of temperature in penetration events,generally known since the 1960s,but often not considered thoroughly in impact studies.展开更多
The high specific capacity and low negative electrochemical potential of lithium metal anodes(LMAs),may allow the energy density threshold of Li metal batteries(LMBs)to be pushed higher.However,the existing detrimenta...The high specific capacity and low negative electrochemical potential of lithium metal anodes(LMAs),may allow the energy density threshold of Li metal batteries(LMBs)to be pushed higher.However,the existing detrimental issues,such as dendritic growth and volume expansion,have hindered the practical implementation of LMBs.Introducing three-dimensional frameworks(e.g.,copper and nickel foam),have been regarded as one of the fundamental strategies to reduce the local current density,aiming to extend the Sand'time.Nevertheless,the local environment far from the skeleton is almost the same as the typical plane Li,due to macroporous space of metal foam.Herein,we built a double-layered 3D current collector of Li alloy anchored on the metal foam,with micropores interconnected macropores,via a viable thermal infiltration and cooling strategy.Due to the excellent electronic and ionic conductivity coupled with favorable lithiophilicity,the Li alloy can effectively reduce the nucleation barrier and enhance the Li^(+)transportation rate,while the metal foam can role as the primary promotor to enlarge the surface area and buffer the dimensional variation.Synergistically,the Li composite anode with hierarchical structure of primary and secondary scaffolds realized the even deposition behavior and minimum volume expansion,outputting preeminent prolonged cycling performances under high rate.展开更多
The studies were made on the preparation processes of the rare earth metal and alloy target materials and their characterization. In this work the rare earth metals were prepared by electrolysis of the oxide in molten...The studies were made on the preparation processes of the rare earth metal and alloy target materials and their characterization. In this work the rare earth metals were prepared by electrolysis of the oxide in molten salt for Nd metal and metallothermic reduction of the fluorides for Gd, Tb, Dy metals. After vacuum refining and distillation purification these rare earth metals were used for manufacturing the element targets, mosaic targets and as the starting materials of preparing the rare earth-transition metal (RE-TM) alloy targets. The four kinds of Dy-FeCo, NdDy-FeCo, Tb-FeCo and GdTb-FeCo alloy targets with diameter of 100 mm and thickness of 3 mm were prepared using powder metallurgical technique. The oxygen content and microstructure of the prepared RE-TM cast alloys and sintered targets were analyzed. The features and requirements of the RE-TM alloy sputtering target materials were also discussed.展开更多
Interaction between high-intensity pulsed ion beam （HIPIB） and a double-layer target with titanium film on top of aluminum substrate was simulated. The two-dimensional nonlinear thermal conduction equations, with th...Interaction between high-intensity pulsed ion beam （HIPIB） and a double-layer target with titanium film on top of aluminum substrate was simulated. The two-dimensional nonlinear thermal conduction equations, with the deposited energy in the target taken as source term, were derived and solved by finite differential method. As a result, the two-dimensional spatial and temporal evolution profiles of temperature were obtained for a titanium/aluminum double-layer target irradiated by a pulse of HIPIB. The effects of ion beam current density on the phase state of the target materials near the film and substrate interface were analyzed. Both titanium and aluminum were melted near the interface after a shot when the ion beam current density fell in the range of 100 A/cm2 to 200 A/cm2.展开更多
In this paper, we investigate the optical properties of the double-layer metal films perforated with single apertures by analysing the coupling of localized surface plasmon polaritons （LSPPs）. It is found that the a...In this paper, we investigate the optical properties of the double-layer metal films perforated with single apertures by analysing the coupling of localized surface plasmon polaritons （LSPPs）. It is found that the amplitude and the wavelength of transmission peak in such a structure can be adjusted by changing the longitudinal interval D between two films and the lateral displacements dx and dy which are parallel and perpendicular to the polarization direction of incident light, respectively. The variation of longitudinal interval D results in the redshift of transmission peak due to the change of coupling strength of LSPPs near the single apertures. The amplitude of transmission peak decreases with the increase of dy and is less than that in the case of dx, which originates from the difference in coupling manner between LSPPs and the localized natures of LSPPs.展开更多
An improved indirect scheme for laser positron generation is proposed. The positron yields in high-ZZ metal targets irradiated by laser produced electrons from near-critical density plasmas and underdense plasma are i...An improved indirect scheme for laser positron generation is proposed. The positron yields in high-ZZ metal targets irradiated by laser produced electrons from near-critical density plasmas and underdense plasma are investigated numerically. It is found that the positron yield is mainly affected by the number of electrons of energies up to several hundreds of MeV. Using near-critical density targets for electron acceleration, the number of high energy electrons can be increased dramatically. Through start-to-end simulations, it is shown that up to 6.78×10106.78×1010 positrons can be generated with state-of-the-art Joule-class femtosecond laser systems.展开更多
Gas-driven permeation(GDP)and plasma-driven permeation(PDP)of hydrogen gas through Ga In Sn/Fe are systematically investigated in this work.The permeation parameters of hydrogen through Ga In Sn/Fe,including diffusivi...Gas-driven permeation(GDP)and plasma-driven permeation(PDP)of hydrogen gas through Ga In Sn/Fe are systematically investigated in this work.The permeation parameters of hydrogen through Ga In Sn/Fe,including diffusivity,Sieverts'constant,permeability,and surface recombination coefficient are obtained.The permeation flux of hydrogen through Ga In Sn/Fe shows great dependence on external conditions such as temperature,hydrogen pressure,and thickness of liquid Ga In Sn.Furthermore,the hydrogen permeation behavior through Ga In Sn/Fe is well consistent with the multilayer permeation theory.In PDP and GDP experiments,hydrogen through Ga In Sn/Fe satisfies the diffusion-limited regime.In addition,the permeation flux of PDP is greater than that of GDP.The increase of hydrogen plasma density hardly causes the hydrogen PDP flux to change within the test scope of this work,which is due to the dissolution saturation.These findings provide guidance for a comprehensive and systematic understanding of hydrogen isotope recycling,permeation,and retention in plasma-facing components under actual conditions.展开更多
In this study, we investigated the presence of Zn, Fe, Cu, and Ca in rice cultivated in four local government areas (Nkanu East, Aninri, Uzo Uwani, Isi Uzo) within Enugu state, Nigeria. We employed an Atomic Absorptio...In this study, we investigated the presence of Zn, Fe, Cu, and Ca in rice cultivated in four local government areas (Nkanu East, Aninri, Uzo Uwani, Isi Uzo) within Enugu state, Nigeria. We employed an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer with an air acetylene flame to analyze these metals after digesting the rice samples. Risk assessment studies were carried out to determine any potential health risk to consumers by evaluating the estimated daily intake (EDI), the target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI). The average concentration (mg/kg) of trace metals in the rice samples was within the acceptable limits established by FAO/WHO. Specifically, Zn ranged from 0.265 to 0.632 mg/kg, Fe from 2.73 to 4.131 mg/kg, Cu from 0.205 to 4.131 mg/kg, and Ca from 9.718 to 12.150 mg/kg. There were no statistically significant differences in metal concentrations among the various locations. Consequently, the rice analyzed in this study can be considered safe for consumption. The calculated EDI (mg/kg-day) values were below the maximum tolerable daily intake thresholds. THQ values also fell within safe levels, and the HI values were less than 1, signifying no potential health risks associated with consuming rice from these locations. In conclusion, there is no significant non-carcinogenic health risk associated with exposure to trace metals through the consumption of rice from these areas.展开更多
Electrolyte interface resistance and low ionic conductivity are essential issues for commercializing solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs).This work details the fabrication of a double-layer solid composite elec...Electrolyte interface resistance and low ionic conductivity are essential issues for commercializing solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs).This work details the fabrication of a double-layer solid composite electrolyte(DLSCE)for SSLMBs.The composite comprises poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)and poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)combined with 10 wt.%of Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO),synthesized through an ultraviolet curing process.The ionic conductivity of the DLSCE(2.6×10^(-4) S·cm^(-1))at room temperature is the high lithium-ion transference number(0.57),and the tensile strength is 17.8 MPa.When this DLSCE was assembled,the resulted LFP/DLSCE/Li battery exhibited excellent rate performance,with the discharge specific capacities of 162.4,146.9,93.6,and 64.0 mA·h·g^(-1) at 0.1,0.2,0.5,and 1 C,respectively.Furthermore,the DLScE demonstrates remarkable stability with lithium metal batteries,facilitating the stable operation of a Li/Li symmetric battery for over 200 h at both 0.1 and 0.2 mA-cm^(-2).Notably,the formation of lithium dendrites is also effectively inhibited during cycling.This work provides a novel design strategy and preparation method for solid composite electrolytes.展开更多
Zinc-ion batteries are promising for large-scale electrochemical energy storage systems,which still suffer from interfacial issues,e.g.,hydrogen evolution side reaction(HER),self-corrosion,and uncontrollable dendritic...Zinc-ion batteries are promising for large-scale electrochemical energy storage systems,which still suffer from interfacial issues,e.g.,hydrogen evolution side reaction(HER),self-corrosion,and uncontrollable dendritic Zn electrodeposition.Although the regulation of electric double layer(EDL)has been verified for interfacial issues,the principle to select the additive as the regulator is still misted.Here,several typical amino acids with different characteristics were examined to reveal the interfacial behaviors in regulated EDL on the Zn anode.Negative charged acidic polarity(NCAP)has been unveiled as the guideline for selecting additive to reconstruct EDL with an inner zincophilic H_(2)O-poor layer and to replace H_(2)O molecules of hydrated Zn^(2+)with NCAP glutamate.Taking the synergistic effects of EDL regulation,the uncontrollable interface is significantly stabilized from the suppressed HER and anti-self-corrosion with uniform electrodeposition.Consequently,by adding NCAP glutamate,a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.83%of Zn metal is achieved in Zn|Cu asymmetrical cell for over 2000 cycles,and NH4V4O10|Zn full cell exhibits a high-capacity retention of 82.1%after 3000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1).Recapitulating,the NCAP principle posted here can quicken the design of trailblazing electrolyte additives for aqueous Zn-based electrochemical energy storage systems.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11802141)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX18_0465)。
文摘Three different kinds of PELE(the penetrator with lateral efficiency) were launched by ballistic artillery to impact the multi-layer spaced metal target plates.The lmpact velocities of the projectiles were measured by the velocity measuring system.The damage degree and process of each laye r of target plate impacted by the three kinds of projectiles were analyzed.The experimental results show that all the three kinds of projectiles have the effect of expanding holes on the multi-layer spaced metal target plates.For the normal structure PELE(without layered) with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE with tungsten alloy jacket,the diameters of holes on the seco nd layer of plates are 3.36 times and 3.76 times of the diameter of the projectile,re spectively.For radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket,due to the large number of tungsten wires dispersed after the impact,the diameter of the holes on the four-layer spaced plates can reach 2.4 times,3.04 times,5.36 times and 2.68 times of the diameter of the projectile.Besides,the normal structure PELE with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE whit tungsten alloy jacket formed a large number of fragments impact marks on the third target plate.Although the number of fragments penetrating the third target plate is not as large as that of the normal structure PELE,the area of dispersion of fragments impact craters on the third target plate is larger by the radial layered PELE.The radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket released a lot of heat energy due to the impact of the matrix material,and formed a large area of ablation marks on the last three target plates.
基金funding by Bundesministerium der Verteidigung(BMVg),Germany。
文摘Towards higher impact velocities,ballistic events are increasingly determined by the material temperatures.Related effects might range from moderate thermal softening to full phase transition.In particular,it is of great interest to quantify the conditions for incipient or full melting of metals during impact interactions,which result in a transition from still strength-affected to hydrodynamic material behavior.In this work,we investigate to which extent the respective melting thresholds are also dependent on the initial,and generally elevated,temperatures of projectiles and targets before impact.This is studied through the application of a model developed recently by the authors to characterize the transition regime between high-velocity and hypervelocity impact,for which the melting thresholds of materials were used as the defining quantities.The obtained results are expected to be of general interest for ballistic application cases where projectiles or targets are preheated.Such conditions might result,for example,from aerodynamic forces acting onto a projectile during atmospheric flight,explosive shapedcharge-jet formation or armor exposure to environmental conditions.The performed analyses also broaden the scientific understanding of the relevance of temperature in penetration events,generally known since the 1960s,but often not considered thoroughly in impact studies.
基金supported by Huzhou Natural Science Foundation Project(Nos.2022YZ04 and 2022YZ21)S&T Special Program of Huzhou(No.2023GZ03)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172184)。
文摘The high specific capacity and low negative electrochemical potential of lithium metal anodes(LMAs),may allow the energy density threshold of Li metal batteries(LMBs)to be pushed higher.However,the existing detrimental issues,such as dendritic growth and volume expansion,have hindered the practical implementation of LMBs.Introducing three-dimensional frameworks(e.g.,copper and nickel foam),have been regarded as one of the fundamental strategies to reduce the local current density,aiming to extend the Sand'time.Nevertheless,the local environment far from the skeleton is almost the same as the typical plane Li,due to macroporous space of metal foam.Herein,we built a double-layered 3D current collector of Li alloy anchored on the metal foam,with micropores interconnected macropores,via a viable thermal infiltration and cooling strategy.Due to the excellent electronic and ionic conductivity coupled with favorable lithiophilicity,the Li alloy can effectively reduce the nucleation barrier and enhance the Li^(+)transportation rate,while the metal foam can role as the primary promotor to enlarge the surface area and buffer the dimensional variation.Synergistically,the Li composite anode with hierarchical structure of primary and secondary scaffolds realized the even deposition behavior and minimum volume expansion,outputting preeminent prolonged cycling performances under high rate.
基金Former the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry of China (BJ95-06-01)
文摘The studies were made on the preparation processes of the rare earth metal and alloy target materials and their characterization. In this work the rare earth metals were prepared by electrolysis of the oxide in molten salt for Nd metal and metallothermic reduction of the fluorides for Gd, Tb, Dy metals. After vacuum refining and distillation purification these rare earth metals were used for manufacturing the element targets, mosaic targets and as the starting materials of preparing the rare earth-transition metal (RE-TM) alloy targets. The four kinds of Dy-FeCo, NdDy-FeCo, Tb-FeCo and GdTb-FeCo alloy targets with diameter of 100 mm and thickness of 3 mm were prepared using powder metallurgical technique. The oxygen content and microstructure of the prepared RE-TM cast alloys and sintered targets were analyzed. The features and requirements of the RE-TM alloy sputtering target materials were also discussed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10975026)
文摘Interaction between high-intensity pulsed ion beam （HIPIB） and a double-layer target with titanium film on top of aluminum substrate was simulated. The two-dimensional nonlinear thermal conduction equations, with the deposited energy in the target taken as source term, were derived and solved by finite differential method. As a result, the two-dimensional spatial and temporal evolution profiles of temperature were obtained for a titanium/aluminum double-layer target irradiated by a pulse of HIPIB. The effects of ion beam current density on the phase state of the target materials near the film and substrate interface were analyzed. Both titanium and aluminum were melted near the interface after a shot when the ion beam current density fell in the range of 100 A/cm2 to 200 A/cm2.
文摘In this paper, we investigate the optical properties of the double-layer metal films perforated with single apertures by analysing the coupling of localized surface plasmon polaritons （LSPPs）. It is found that the amplitude and the wavelength of transmission peak in such a structure can be adjusted by changing the longitudinal interval D between two films and the lateral displacements dx and dy which are parallel and perpendicular to the polarization direction of incident light, respectively. The variation of longitudinal interval D results in the redshift of transmission peak due to the change of coupling strength of LSPPs near the single apertures. The amplitude of transmission peak decreases with the increase of dy and is less than that in the case of dx, which originates from the difference in coupling manner between LSPPs and the localized natures of LSPPs.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2013CBA01502the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11575011 and 11535001+1 种基金the National Grand Instrument Project under Grant No2012YQ030142the UK EPSRC under Grant Nos EP/G054950/1,EP/G056803/1,EP/G055165/1 and EP/M022463/1
文摘An improved indirect scheme for laser positron generation is proposed. The positron yields in high-ZZ metal targets irradiated by laser produced electrons from near-critical density plasmas and underdense plasma are investigated numerically. It is found that the positron yield is mainly affected by the number of electrons of energies up to several hundreds of MeV. Using near-critical density targets for electron acceleration, the number of high energy electrons can be increased dramatically. Through start-to-end simulations, it is shown that up to 6.78×10106.78×1010 positrons can be generated with state-of-the-art Joule-class femtosecond laser systems.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11905151 and 11875198)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE03130000)。
文摘Gas-driven permeation(GDP)and plasma-driven permeation(PDP)of hydrogen gas through Ga In Sn/Fe are systematically investigated in this work.The permeation parameters of hydrogen through Ga In Sn/Fe,including diffusivity,Sieverts'constant,permeability,and surface recombination coefficient are obtained.The permeation flux of hydrogen through Ga In Sn/Fe shows great dependence on external conditions such as temperature,hydrogen pressure,and thickness of liquid Ga In Sn.Furthermore,the hydrogen permeation behavior through Ga In Sn/Fe is well consistent with the multilayer permeation theory.In PDP and GDP experiments,hydrogen through Ga In Sn/Fe satisfies the diffusion-limited regime.In addition,the permeation flux of PDP is greater than that of GDP.The increase of hydrogen plasma density hardly causes the hydrogen PDP flux to change within the test scope of this work,which is due to the dissolution saturation.These findings provide guidance for a comprehensive and systematic understanding of hydrogen isotope recycling,permeation,and retention in plasma-facing components under actual conditions.
文摘In this study, we investigated the presence of Zn, Fe, Cu, and Ca in rice cultivated in four local government areas (Nkanu East, Aninri, Uzo Uwani, Isi Uzo) within Enugu state, Nigeria. We employed an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer with an air acetylene flame to analyze these metals after digesting the rice samples. Risk assessment studies were carried out to determine any potential health risk to consumers by evaluating the estimated daily intake (EDI), the target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI). The average concentration (mg/kg) of trace metals in the rice samples was within the acceptable limits established by FAO/WHO. Specifically, Zn ranged from 0.265 to 0.632 mg/kg, Fe from 2.73 to 4.131 mg/kg, Cu from 0.205 to 4.131 mg/kg, and Ca from 9.718 to 12.150 mg/kg. There were no statistically significant differences in metal concentrations among the various locations. Consequently, the rice analyzed in this study can be considered safe for consumption. The calculated EDI (mg/kg-day) values were below the maximum tolerable daily intake thresholds. THQ values also fell within safe levels, and the HI values were less than 1, signifying no potential health risks associated with consuming rice from these locations. In conclusion, there is no significant non-carcinogenic health risk associated with exposure to trace metals through the consumption of rice from these areas.
基金supported by the Liuzhou Science and Technology Fund Project(Grant No.2023PRj0103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52161033 and 22262005)+1 种基金the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automobile Components and Vehicle Technology Fund Project(Grant Nos.2022GKLACVTKF02 and 2023GKLACVTZZ02)the Fund Project of the Key Lab of Guangdong Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Special Fund Project in 2023(Grant No.pdjh2023a0819).
文摘Electrolyte interface resistance and low ionic conductivity are essential issues for commercializing solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs).This work details the fabrication of a double-layer solid composite electrolyte(DLSCE)for SSLMBs.The composite comprises poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)and poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)combined with 10 wt.%of Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO),synthesized through an ultraviolet curing process.The ionic conductivity of the DLSCE(2.6×10^(-4) S·cm^(-1))at room temperature is the high lithium-ion transference number(0.57),and the tensile strength is 17.8 MPa.When this DLSCE was assembled,the resulted LFP/DLSCE/Li battery exhibited excellent rate performance,with the discharge specific capacities of 162.4,146.9,93.6,and 64.0 mA·h·g^(-1) at 0.1,0.2,0.5,and 1 C,respectively.Furthermore,the DLScE demonstrates remarkable stability with lithium metal batteries,facilitating the stable operation of a Li/Li symmetric battery for over 200 h at both 0.1 and 0.2 mA-cm^(-2).Notably,the formation of lithium dendrites is also effectively inhibited during cycling.This work provides a novel design strategy and preparation method for solid composite electrolytes.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21B2057,12102328,and 52372252)the Newly Introduced Scientific Research Start-up Funds for Hightech Talents(DD11409024).
文摘Zinc-ion batteries are promising for large-scale electrochemical energy storage systems,which still suffer from interfacial issues,e.g.,hydrogen evolution side reaction(HER),self-corrosion,and uncontrollable dendritic Zn electrodeposition.Although the regulation of electric double layer(EDL)has been verified for interfacial issues,the principle to select the additive as the regulator is still misted.Here,several typical amino acids with different characteristics were examined to reveal the interfacial behaviors in regulated EDL on the Zn anode.Negative charged acidic polarity(NCAP)has been unveiled as the guideline for selecting additive to reconstruct EDL with an inner zincophilic H_(2)O-poor layer and to replace H_(2)O molecules of hydrated Zn^(2+)with NCAP glutamate.Taking the synergistic effects of EDL regulation,the uncontrollable interface is significantly stabilized from the suppressed HER and anti-self-corrosion with uniform electrodeposition.Consequently,by adding NCAP glutamate,a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.83%of Zn metal is achieved in Zn|Cu asymmetrical cell for over 2000 cycles,and NH4V4O10|Zn full cell exhibits a high-capacity retention of 82.1%after 3000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1).Recapitulating,the NCAP principle posted here can quicken the design of trailblazing electrolyte additives for aqueous Zn-based electrochemical energy storage systems.
