Cross-sectional deformation behavior of double-ridged rectangular tube with fillers in different stages of H-typed bending

The bent double-ridged rectangular tube(DRRT)with high forming quality is helpful to improve the microwave transmission accuracy.For reducing the cross-sectional deformation in the H-typed bending process,in addition to using rigid mandrel to support the inside of tube,ridge groove fillers are also added to restrict the deformation of ridge grooves.Because of the change of stress and strain state of bent tube in bending,rigid mandrel retracting and specially twicespringback stages,and the springback of fillers,the cross-sectional deformation of tube in each stage may be different.Therefore,based on the ABAQUS platform,the finite element models(FEM)for H-typed bending,mandrel retracting and twice-springback stages of H96 DRRT with fillers were established and validated.It is found that,for the height and width deformation of tube and spacing deformation of ridge grooves,retraction of mandrel can make the distribution of these deformations more uniform along the bending direction.The first springback can reduce these deformations significantly,which should be emphasized.But the second springback only increases them by less amount,which can be ignored.The smaller height deformation of ridge groove and filler can be neglected.

Cross-sectional deformation of H96 brass double-ridged rectangular tube in rotary draw bending process with different yield criteria

Different yield criterion has great difference in predicting the deformation of tube with different material.In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the cross-sectional deformation of the double-ridged rectangular tube(DRRT)during rotary draw bending(RDB)process,Mises isotropic yield criterion,Hill’48 and Barlat/Lian anisotropic yield criteria commonly used in practical engineering are introduced to simulate RDB of DRRT.The inverse method combining uniaxial tensile test of whole tube and response surface methodology was proposed to identify the parameters of Hill’48 and Barlat/Lian yield criteria of small-sized H96 brass extrusion DRRT as well.Then based on ABAQUS/Explicit platform,the FE models of RDB process of DRRT considering Mises,Hill’48 and Barlat/Lian yield criteria were built.The results show that:The variation trend of cross-sectional deformation ratio is same when using different yield criteria.The cross-sectional deformation ratio by using Mises yield criterion is close to that by using Hill’48 yield criterion.However,there is a quite difference between by using Barlat/Lian yield criterion and by using Mises or Hill’48 yield criteria.The prediction values of cross-sectional height deformation by using three yield criteria all underestimate the experiment ones,and the prediction values of cross-sectional width deformation overestimate the experiment ones.By comparing the simulation results of cross-sectional deformation of the DRRT with different yield criteria and experiment ones,Barlat/Lian yield criterion is found to be suitable for describing the RDB process of DRRT.

Sensitivity of springback and section deformation to process parameters in rotary draw bending of thin-walled rectangular H96 brass tube

In order to study the effects of the process parameters on springback and section deformation, a sensitivity analysis model was established based on the combination use of the multi-parameter sensitivity analysis method and the springback/section deformation prediction finite element model, and by using this model the sensitivities of the springback and the section deformation to process parameters were analyzed and compared. The results show that the most sensitive process conditions for springback angle are the boost speed and the pressure of pressure die, and the most sensitive process condition for section deformation is the number of cores. When the clamp force, the boost speed and the pressure of pressure die are utilized to control section deformation, the effect of these process parameters on springback should be considered. When the process parameters are mainly used to control springback, the effect of these process parameters on the section deformation should be always considered.

Thermal cracking characteristics of n-decane in the rectangular and circular tubes

To investigate the effect of regenerative cooling channel geometry on pyrolysis of endothermic hydrocarbon fuel,a series of supercritical pyrolysis experiments of n-decane in the rectangular and circular tubes were conducted.Moreover,sensitivity analysis of production of propylene and methane as well as CFD simulation were also done.The results showed that gas yield and conversion in the circular tube with an inner diameter of 2 mm had a similar tendency with the one of 1.5 mm in inner diameter.The conversion in the circular tube was much less than that in the rectangular tube at the same outlet temperature.The heat sink of the rectangular tube at the same outlet temperature was larger than that of circular tubes,but the temperature at the corner of the rectangular tube was relatively high.According to the experimental data of the test tubes,a correlation between the conversion and the temperature in the rectangular and circular tubes at the same outlet temperature was fitted,providing a reference for the design of regenerative cooling channels.

Cross-sectional distortion behaviors of thin-walled rectangular tube in rotary-draw bending process

The cross-sectional distortion usually appears during rotary-draw bending process of thin-walled rectangular tube with small bending radius.To study the cross-sectional distortion of the tube,a three-dimensional finite-element model of the process was developed based on ABAQUS/Explicit code and its reliability was validated by experiment.Then,the cross-sectional distortion behaviors of the tube were investigated.The results show that a zone of larger circumferential stress appears on the tube when bending angle reaches 30°.And in the larger circumferential stress zone,the sagging phenomenon is produced obviously.The maximum cross-sectional distortion is located in the larger circumferential stress zone and the angle between the plane of maximum cross-sectional distortion and the bending reference plane is about 50°.The position of the maximum cross-sectional distortion keeps almost unchanged with the variation of the clearances between dies and tube.

Numerical simulation of small section rectangular tube in parallel welding

The welding temperature field and deformation of parallel arrangement small-section rectangular tubes is calculated by using a non-contact model. After comparing the computed results with the experimentally measured results, it shows that there exist big errors when applying this model to the numerical simulation of small-section rectangular tube＇ s welding temperature field and deformation. Based on a simple analysis of the errors, a contact model is presented. The heat transfer and stress analysis between small-section rectangular tubes and clamping fixture are simulated by using direct constraints method, and then the laws of the temperature distribution, which coincide with experiment, are obtained. A further numerical analysis of the stress and deformation are made, it shows that a ＂T＂ shaped stress-field is formed in the vicinity of the weld. As the stress-field departs from the centroid of tubes＇, this leads to the small rectangular tubes not only have a longitudinal deflection, but also have a transverse bending and deformation.

An Open Rectangular Waveguide Grating for Millimeter-Wave Traveling-Wave Tubes

Millimeter-wave traveling-wave tube （TWT） prevails nowadays as the amplifier for radar, communication and electronic countermeasures. The rectangular waveguide grating is a promising all-metal interaction circuit for the millimeter-wave TWT with advantages of high power capacity, fine heat dissipation, scalability to smaller dimen- sions for shorter wavelengths, compact structure and robust performance. Compared with the traditional closed structure, the open rectangular waveguide grating （ORWG） has wider bandwidth, lower cut-off frequency, and higher machining precision for higher working frequencies due to the open transverse. It is a potential structure that can work in the millimeter wave and even Terahertz band. The rf characteristics including dispersion and interaction impedance are investigated by both theoretic calculation and software simulation. The influences of the structure parameters are also discussed and compared, and the theoretical results agree well with the simula- tion results. Based on the study, the ORWG will favor the design of a broadband and high-power millimeter-wave TWT.

Ductility and Ultimate Capacity of Concrete-Filled Lattice Rectangular Steel Tube Columns

A kind of concrete-filled lattice rectangular steel tube(CFLRST)column was put forward.The numerical simulation was modeled to analyze the mechanical characteristic of CFLRST column.By comparing the load-deformation curves from the test results,the rationality and reliability of the finite element model has been confirmed,moreover,the change of the section stiffness and stress in the forcing process and the ultimate bearing capacity of the column were analyzed.Based on the model,the comparison of ultimate bearing capacity and ductility between CFLRST column and reinforced concrete(RC)column were also analyzed.The results of the finite element analysis show that the loading process of CFLRST column consists of elastic stage,yield stage and failure stage.The failure modes are mainly strength failure and failure of elastoplastic instability.CFLRST column has higher bearing capacities in comparison with reinforced concrete columns with the same steel ratio.In addition,the stiffness degeneration of CFLRST column is slower than RC column and CFLRST column has good ductility.

基于回归分析法的矩形槽圆管吸能特性研究

为了研究矩形槽圆管吸能特性规律,提出了一种基于回归分析法的结构参数与吸能特性关系的拟合方法。针对轴向冲击下的圆管动态响应,首先,建立了6005A-T6材料的Cowper-Symonds本构模型,并验证了仿真模型的准确性;其次,设计了正交试验,建立了吸能特性与结构参数之间的计算模型;然后,利用多元线性与非线性回归分析方法对计算模型参数求解,并对比了两种拟合结果,得到了峰值力和吸能量的经验公式;接着,对比经验公式与有限元数值计算值表明,经验公式在研究范围内具有较高准确性,误差在8%以内;最后,引入吸能性能指标并使用遗传算法对圆管进行了结构优化,优化结果表明,在研究范围内当直径和槽端距最小、壁厚和槽宽最大、槽深最浅时,矩形槽圆管的吸能性能最优。

矩形钢管混凝土束风机塔筒风振特性研究

随着风电资源优势区开发逐渐饱和,风电开发的重心开始向风资源条件相对恶劣的低风速地区转移,分布式、大功率、高塔筒和长叶片已经成为风电行业发展趋势。基于此提出了一种新型的矩形钢管混凝土束风机塔筒,该塔筒由矩形钢管混凝土束拼接而成,具有强度高、刚度大和耗能能力强的优点。为研究该塔筒结构的风振响应特性,选用Kaimal脉动风速功率谱,采用谐波合成法模拟风荷载时程曲线,对其进行了动力时程分析,并计算了风振系数及等效静力风荷载。结果表明:该新型塔筒在额定风速下位移塔顶位移最大值为911.84 mm,对应的水平位移角为1/154,符合规范要求。塔筒各构件的强度较好,且具有较大的安全富余度。基于位移等效的阵风荷载因子法计算得到的风振系数值较低;在惯性风荷载法计算得到的等效静力风荷载作用下,结构位移、基底剪力与结构随机振动分析得到的基本一致。

MS1180方管连续辊弯成形角部开裂机理

方矩形管在辊弯成形中会产生角部开裂现象,这已成为严重制约方矩形管质量的关键问题,为解决其角部开裂缺陷展开深入研究,寻找控制开裂缺陷的方法。首先通过对MS1180进行单轴拉伸、缺口拉伸和平面应变实验得到了材料的力学特性,并分别利用3种拉伸试验将Ayada、Rice-Tracey和标准化Cockroft-Latham准则进行校准,得到了预测误差最小的一种断裂准则,并以此构建了方矩管辊弯开裂模型。其次利用辊弯成形COPRA RF设计软件和有限元MARC仿真专业软件,结合生产实际条件建立了方矩形管连续辊弯成形三维有限元模型,并进行辊弯实验验证模型的准确性。最后采用扫描电镜和金相显微镜对方矩形管开裂件以及断口进行微观观察,针对性的利用有限元模型探究了方矩形管连续辊弯成形时应力-应变分布规律,并分析了道次数量、角部成形半径和机架间距对方矩管角部应力-应变分布的影响。结果表明:发现材料起裂点位于角部近外层,对开裂断口进行分析,得到其开裂方式为准解理开裂,角部剪切面上所受的主应力过大导致其开裂;增加辊弯道次数量、方矩形管角部成形半径以及机架之间的间距能有效减少开裂问题的出现,为以后解决方矩形管角部开裂问题提供了理论基础。

矩形管下气相螺旋爆轰的结构及传播方式

为探索极限条件下矩形管道截面长宽比对于螺旋爆轰传播的影响,采用基于五阶WENO有限差分格式和两步总包反应模型的Euler方程,对三维气相螺旋爆轰波在矩形截面管道中的结构及其传播方式进行了数值研究。通过模拟不同管道截面尺寸下爆轰波的三波线运动轨迹、流场分布及高压印记结构,揭示了截面几何尺寸对气相临界爆轰波稳定传播的影响规律。结果表明:螺旋爆轰能在一定范围的小管道截面尺寸内通过横、竖两条三波线及其相互作用形成的斜三波线的运动来维持传播;随着管道截面尺寸长宽比的增加,螺旋爆轰在壁面上形成的高压印记逐渐由倾斜的条带结构变成局部点状分布结构,波阵面上的斜三波线的轨迹也由方管中沿着单一方向的圆周运动逐渐发展为具有转向机制的复杂运动轨迹;当长宽比进一步增加时,三维螺旋爆轰存在向二维结构的单头爆轰结构退化的趋势。

多腔钢-混凝土组合壁式柱弱轴方向抗震性能试验研究

用于异形柱框架结构的各种截面型式的多腔钢-混凝土组合柱具有良好的使用功能和可装配建造性能,与异形柱面外有侧肢不同,保证矩形截面壁式柱弱轴方向的抗震性能更为重要。为了探究多腔钢-混凝土组合壁式柱弱轴方向的抗震性能与受力机制,运用低周往复荷载试验与有限元分析相结合的方法开展研究。结果表明:压弯荷载作用下,多腔钢-混凝土组合壁式柱弱轴方向的滞回曲线饱满,其全过程受力可划分为稳定承载、转化过渡和峰后二阶效应显现三个阶段,试件对应的两个特征分界点的层间位移角分别为1/57和1/27;试件屈服点和失效破坏点对应的层间位移角分别为1/85和1/23,均大于规范限值,延性系数为3.73;两端钢管、中间钢板和腔内混凝土可协同受力,混凝土未见明显压碎和开裂,钢管和钢板未见明显损伤;所得有限元模拟结果与试验结果吻合度高,骨架曲线平均相对误差为4.6%。上述成果深化了对多腔钢-混凝土组合壁式柱弱轴方向抗震性能的认知,为工程应用提供了参考。

超临界甲烷在矩形通道内传热特性研究

为探究重力对单侧受热情况下矩形再生冷却通道换热性能的影响,采用RNGk-ε湍流模型对超临界压力下甲烷在矩形弯曲管内流动和传热性能进行研究。考察了4种受热情况下重力对内壁面温度、传热系数和热流密度等参数的影响,并引入综合换热评价因子(PEC)着重分析了重力对强化换热能力的作用。结果表明,在直管段重力的存在使管道内形成二次流动,流体间掺混加剧,管道传热性能提升,但在部分弯管段重力使传热性能略微降低;θ=90°时,4种加热工况下传热系数均出现峰值,从无量纲数的分布得知,通道传热能力达到最优,且无重力管道更为显著;通过对比PEC因子,发现重力使再生冷却管道整体换热性能增强,上壁面受热时更为明显。

矩形CFST受弯构件的塑性发展系数多因素模型及强度计算

矩形钢管对核心混凝土的约束效应有其特殊性,准确预测受弯构件截面塑性发展能力可有效保证构件的承载安全。为提高矩形钢管混凝土受弯构件截面强度的计算精度,在套箍系数的基础上进一步考虑高宽比和含钢率的影响,建立塑性发展系数多因素模型和抗弯强度改进模型。首先,基于钢管混凝土统一理论,研究矩形钢管混凝土受弯构件塑性发展系数的变化规律,并与当前规范计算公式进行对比;然后,结合规范和工程需求构造2 160个矩形钢管混凝土受弯数值模拟构件,利用改进的本构关系和构件失效判据开展纤维模型法精细分析,研究宽厚比、高宽比、含钢率、强度比对塑性发展系数的影响,确定高宽比和含钢率为塑性发展系数的主要影响因素,通过回归分析拟合与高宽比和含钢率相关的函数表达式,由此建立矩形钢管混凝土塑性发展系数多因素模型和抗弯强度改进模型;最后,利用搜集到的128组试验数据,将抗弯强度改进模型与国内外主要设计规范进行对比验证。结果表明,建立的塑性发展系数多因素模型克服了现行规范中计算模型精确性不足的缺陷,能够更加准确地反映矩形钢管混凝土受弯构件的塑性发展能力;建立的矩形钢管混凝土受弯构件抗弯强度改进模型求解的极限承载力与试验值比值的均值为0.971,均方根误差为0.118,吻合良好,具有更高的计算精度。

新建市政隧道下穿多线运营铁路施工地表沉降研究——以郑州火车站操场街隧道工程为例

新建隧道近距离下穿运营铁路施工安全风险高,易导致上方运营铁路路基、轨道变形,影响列车行车安全。为降低施工风险,减少对运营铁路的影响,以郑州火车站操场街隧道工程为研究背景,基于有限元数值模拟,分析矩形顶管法和管幕暗挖法施工引起的运营铁路路基沉降变化。并对矩形顶管法和管幕暗挖法进行施工工艺、施工进度、沉降控制等多方面的综合比选,给出新建隧道下穿既有运营铁路安全施工方案。研究表明,运营铁路与新建隧道正交时,隧道正上方铁轨沉降最大,隧道中心点两侧铁轨沉降呈对称分布;矩形顶管法施工铁轨累计沉降值最大为5.6 mm,管幕暗挖法施工铁轨累计沉降值最大为4.04 mm,管幕暗挖法对运营铁路铁轨沉降的影响小于矩形顶管法。

Natural Vibration Characteristics for Prestressed Concrete-Filled Rectangular Steel Tube Simply Supported Beam

The dynamic control equation of a new prestressed partially concrete-filled rectangular steel tube(CFRT)beam can be derived based on D’Alembert’s principle.It is used to infer the theoretical results of the dynamic characteristics for the prestressed CFRT beam.Additionally,the finite element model is set up by ABAQUS for simulation analysis.The results show that the natural vibration frequencies and mode function of the prestressed CFRT simply supported beam calculated by the theoretical formulas are reliable since the relative errors of the first-order frequencies under different prestressing levels are within 6%compared with the finite element results.Further analysis of the prestressing parameters is carried out using the theoretical formulas,in which factors such as the prestressing level,eccentricity of tendons,and tensile stiffness of prestressed tendons have different influences on the natural vibration frequencies.Finally,it provides a theoretical basis for the dynamic design of the prestressed CFRT beams.

污水处理矩形沉淀池和斜管沉淀池对比试验

为探究不同形式的沉淀池对污水处理效率的影响,采用5.0 m^(3)/h的中试装置,以改良AAO工艺为主要生化处理单元,分别设置矩形沉淀池及斜管沉淀池作为二沉池进行试验,通过优化污泥回流方式、溶解氧及污泥浓度控制,在探究改良AAO工艺最佳运行工况的基础上,在不同水温下对两种沉淀池出水水质及运行稳定性进行对比分析。结果表明,斜管沉淀池的启动时间小于矩形沉淀池,能有效应对130%的进水负荷率,出水SS的质量浓度稳定达到10 mg/L以下并节省25%的占地面积,在低温下仍能保证较好的固液分离效果,但需要配置相应的反冲洗设备定期冲洗,提高运行稳定性。

内置异形箍筋矩形钢管混凝土柱的轴压力学性能

钢管混凝土作为一种发展前景广阔的结构形式,具有较好的承载力和塑性变形能力。矩形钢管混凝土柱作为其中常见的一种形式,在实际工程中的应用较为广泛。该研究基于矩形钢管混凝土在实际应用中存在的长短边约束不一致和对核心混凝土约束不足两个问题,探究一种新型的矩形钢管混凝土构件,即内置异形箍筋矩形钢管混凝土柱。为此,对11根内置异形箍筋矩形钢管混凝土柱、2根内置跑道形箍筋的矩形钢管混凝土柱、2根普通矩形钢管混凝土柱开展了轴压力学性能试验,重点分析了并束距、钢管壁厚、混凝土强度等级、箍筋间距、箍筋直径、内置用钢量等重要参数对内置异形箍筋矩形钢管混凝土柱的轴压承载力和延性的影响规律。结果表明:在总用钢量不变的情况下,将矩形钢管的壁厚减薄,并加工成异形箍筋内置于核心混凝土中,能够有效地提高试件的轴压承载力和延性;内置异形箍筋矩形钢管混凝土柱的轴压过程可以分为4个阶段——弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段、塑性强化段、下降段;相比于普通矩形钢管混凝土柱,内置异形箍筋矩形钢管混凝土柱有更为饱满的塑性强化段。在试验和参数分析结果的基础上,采用已有的约束混凝土本构模型,推导得到内置异形箍筋矩形钢管混凝土柱的轴压承载力计算公式。该研究可为实际工程应用提供科学依据和数据参考。

圆盘剪间隙对纵切质量和矩形管焊缝质量的影响

乘用车风冷式中冷器特薄壁矩形高频焊管是用铝带焊接而成的,铝带纵切质量对高频焊管焊缝质量有较大的影响。研究了纵切参数对铝带纵切断面和高频焊质量的影响。零间隙纵切铝带断面质量最好,可提高矩形管焊缝质量。